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With the development of consumer electronics, the circuitry structure become more complex, For this reason, it might cause numerical errors to be cumulated in the simulation using the numerical electromagnetic algorithm, and result in simulated divergence or error. The two reasons of numerical error are passivity and causality, which priginate from the defect in the numerical calculation. In this thesis, for this problem, investigate the numerical compensation method for passivity, The occurrence of passive will make the frequency point of power is negative, this will makes the system divergence, Improve this problem, passivity verification and enforcement by eigenvalue in the Y-parameter, in the S-parameter by the singular value, causality conditions must be match with the imaginary part and the real part relationship, such as the Hilbert transform or the Kramer-Kronig relation, can be used to make causal verification and enforcement. Through some numerical methods, used simulation software such as: HFSS, ADS simulation of the microwave circuit model extraction, modified singular value, eigenvalue, and reached to reduce the numerical error, let it satisfy the convergence and avoid incorrect results, and minimize the impact of the initial data, does not change the characteristics of the original module, but also to solve the passive and the issue of causality.

No description available.

No description available.

A haptic system is a robotic computer interface which aims to provide tactile feedback for human operators when they manipulate virtual environments (VEs) or remote environments (REs). The tactile feedback is emulated by applying forces, vibrations, or motions to the human users through a haptic device/interface, e.g. a robot arm. Transparency and stability are two important criteria for designing a haptic system. Transparency is related to the realism of user's touch sensation and stability guarantees the safety of the user while interacting with VEs/REs. Because of the nature of the human tactile sensory system, a transparent haptic system demands an update rate greater than 500 Hz, i.e. most commercial haptic devices work at 1 KHz. On the other hand, many haptic applications are multirate systems. The multirate property of a haptic system is due to either the slow update rate of the VE or the impairments of computer networks such as limited transmission bandwidth or packet loss. Wave transformation is wildly used in teleoperation to cope with both constant and varying time delays. This work aims to use wave transformation to tackle the challenges imposed by multirate property of a haptic system. First, passive multirate wave variables control (PMWVC) is introduced. PMWVC guarantees the passivity of the communication channels through which the fast haptic device is connected to the slow VE/RE. It is shown that to maintain the passivity of the system, aliasing should be avoided in the communication channels, i.e. by using anti-aliasing filters. Next, PMWVC strategy is applied to two different applications: i) multiuser cooperative haptics and ii) haptic interaction with an unknown VE. In the first application, two users at two different locations manipulate a common virtual object simulated on a central server. The users are connected to the central server through a LAN network. The second application is a single user application in which PMWVC is used to connect the haptic device to an unknown slowly updated VE. Since in this application the VE is unknown, the computational delay of the VE significantly affects the stability of the overall system. To tackle this problem, a nonlinear algorithm based on passivity analysis is proposed. In both examples, numerical and experimental results validating the analytical results are provided. The results show that by using PMWVC, it is possible to significantly improve the performance of a multirate haptic system in terms of transparency and stability. The second half of this work is devoted to improving the performance of PMWVC in all frequency ranges. In order to study the performance of PMWVC, lifting is used to convert the multirate haptic system to a unirate system. By using this technique, it is shown that velocity estimation plays a critical role in a haptic application with PMWVC, especially in high frequencies. Considering this fact, a method for designing a passive velocity filter in wave domain is proposed. Finally, a filter bank structure is introduced which enables utilizing a local model in conjunction with PMWVC. In this structure, the outgoing signal sent to the VE is split into two frequency ranges. Low frequency content of the signal is fed to the original VE and high frequency content of the signal is sent to the local model. By using lifting the performance of the proposed structure is studied. The results show that the proposed method improves the transparency of the system in all frequency ranges and unlike utilizing a local model in power domain, it does not impose any restriction on the stability of the system. / Graduate / 0548 / 0544 / 0771 / nyasrebi@uvic.ca

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No description available.

Criminologists have long since marginalized passivity as a variable of interest when studying the phenomenon of harm-doing. In this thesis, I explore the role of passivity in such instances and build a case for its centrality to deviance. I also undertake a number of other tasks. First, I review the extent to which research throughout the academy has connected passivity to violence. Second, I explore whether criminological theories have incorporated the variable of passivity and how they could. Lastly, I reflect on why more work on passivity has not been done given its manifest connection to harm, and I offer suggestions on how criminology can move forward in integrating bystander behavior in its theories of harm-doing.

The change from static to genetic perspective involves an enlargement of the phenomenological field. The main subject is not anymore the description of the essential notes of a phenomenon but rather the search for its origins. New levels of objects and consciousness arise as consequence of this new approach. The structures of subjectivity revealed by the genetic inquiry constitute the field of passivity. / El pasaje de la perspectiva estática a la genética implicó una ampliación del campo de la indagación fenomenológica. En efecto, el desplazamiento del interés desde la descripción de las invariantes estructurales que definen a un fenómeno dado hacia la pregunta retrospectiva por su origen colocó en el centro de la investigación no solo un conjunto de nuevos objetos, sino que puso a la luz nuevos niveles de conciencia. Estas capas situadas por debajo de la actividad yoica constituyen el campo de la pasividad.

The present text is based on a key note lecture (‘Civic Education, Democracy and Political Participation’) delivered at the symposium Globalization of School Subjects – Challenges for Civics, History, Geography and Religious Education, Karlstad University, 13–14 December, 2012. Drawing on recent developments in research on political participation and civic engagement, the text starts out with a discussion about different ways of understanding political passivity. Subsequently, the text turns to a brief analysis of ways in which schools may provide young people with political skills and competencies needed in a democratic society. Three dimensions of political citizenship are highlighted: political efficacy, political literacy, and political participation; and the analysis focuses on the impact of a number of different school-related factors on these three ‘citizenship competencies’.