Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2017-01-18T09:24:53Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Simone Marques Faria Lopes - 2016.pdf: 3883149 bytes, checksum: 92e37708f034204f2d69f88500561775 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-18T10:32:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Simone Marques Faria Lopes - 2016.pdf: 3883149 bytes, checksum: 92e37708f034204f2d69f88500561775 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-18T10:32:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Simone Marques Faria Lopes - 2016.pdf: 3883149 bytes, checksum: 92e37708f034204f2d69f88500561775 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-20 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / We start from the hypothesis that the land use model existent in Paraíso-GO creek and Cerrado/Cadunga-MG stream river basins has been providing significant changes in the water quality of these streams, which receive sediments and nutrients from natural and anthropic factors. In this sense, the general aim of this research is to diagnose the water quality in relation to the model of land use and physical characteristics of the basins. The methods used followed the procedures of the American Public Health Association (APHA), CONAMA legislation nº 357/2005 (surface water) and ordinance of the Ministry of Health 2914/2011 (drinking water). When comparing the geological aspects of the two basins, it was verified that they are differentiated by the presence of the unconsolidated sands in the upper part of the Paraíso creek. Regarding the soils, both are distinguished by the presence of Cambisols in the Paraíso creek, and are similar in relation to the presence of soils with hydromorphic characteristics. Studies of land use between 2005 and 2015 demonstrated the gradual disappearance of the Cerrado biome, mainly in the Cerrado/Cadunga river basin. The watershed region of the Paraíso creek presented greater erosive potential in formation areas of the Vale do Rio do Peixe, as well as the Cerrado/Cadunga stream. Heavy metals contents in those soils identified at different sampling points reveal occasional contamination, mainly related to land use. In general, the sediment results of Cerrado/Cadunga stream showed that the distribution of elements has as main contribution the urban area and the discharge of urban and industrial effluents in the drainage network, and for the soils, agro-pastoral activities. For the Paraíso creek basin, the greatest influence was linked to agricultural activities, especially sugarcane. Out of the heavy metals found in both basins analyzed, what demands greater attention, both in sediments and in soils, is cadmium. Regarding the framing of water bodies, it was verified that the Paraíso creek and the Cerrado/Cadunga stream were included in all the sampling campaigns in classes III and IV of CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005, since the variables Phosphorus, Cadmium and Cupper showed higher values than those established by the abovementioned Resolution. According to the classification of the water bodies of both basins, they can be used for human supply, after conventional or advanced treatment, to irrigation, amateur fishing, recreation and also animal watering. In this sense, it was concluded that the land use presented in both basins, due to the use of agrochemicals, poses significant risks to water quality, as well as the release of domestic and industrial effluents, since the basins evaluated presented changes in the same parameters evaluated. / Partimos da hipótese de que o modelo de uso da terra, presente nas áreas das bacias hidrográficas ribeirão Paraíso-GO e córrego Cerrado/Cadunga-MG, vem proporcionando mudanças significativas na qualidade das águas das mesmas, as quais recebem sedimentos e nutrientes provenientes de fatores naturais e antrópicos. Neste sentido objetivo geral, diagnosticar a qualidade das águas em relação ao modelo de modelo de uso da terra e características físicas das bacias. Os métodos utilizados na pesquisa seguiram os procedimentos da American Public Health Association (APHA), legislação CONAMA nº 357/2005 (água superficial) e portaria do Ministério da Saúde 2914/2011 (água potável). Ao se comparar os aspectos geológicos das duas bacias, verificou-se que as mesmas se diferenciam pela presença das areias inconsolidadas na parte superior do ribeirão Paraíso. Em relação aos solos, ambas distinguem-se pela presença dos Cambissolos no ribeirão Paraíso e se assemelham em relação à presença de solos com características hidromórficas. Os estudos de uso da terra entre 2005 a 2015 demonstraram o desaparecimento gradativo do bioma Cerrado, principalmente na bacia do córrego Cerrado/Cadunga. A região da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Paraíso apresentou maior potencial erosivo nas áreas de formação Vale do Rio do Peixe, assim como córrego Cerrado/Cadunga. Os teores de metais pesados nos solos identificados nos diferentes pontos amostrais revelam contaminações pontuais, principalmente ligadas ao uso da terra. No geral, os resultados dos sedimentos do córrego Cerrado/Cadunga mostraram que a distribuição dos elementos tem como principal contribuição a área urbana e o lançamento efluentes domésticos e industriais na rede de drenagem, e para os solos, as atividades agropastoris. Para a bacia do ribeirão Paraíso, a maior influência esteve ligada às atividades agrícolas, com destaque para a cana-de-açúcar. Dos metais pesados encontrados em ambas as bacias analisadas, o que demanda uma maior atenção, tanto nos sedimentos quanto nos solos, é o cádmio. Em relação ao enquadramento dos corpos d’água, constatou-se que o ribeirão Paraíso e o córrego Cerrado/Cadunga se enquadraram em todas as campanhas amostrais nas classes III e IV da Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005, pois as variáveis Fósforo, Cádmio e Cobre apresentaram valores superiores aos estabelecido pela referida Resolução. Conforme o enquadramento dos corpos hídricos de ambas as bacias, as mesmas podem ser utilizadas para abastecimento humano, após tratamento convencional ou avançado, à irrigação, pesca amadora, à recreação e, ainda, dessedentação de animais. Nesse sentido, concluiu-se que o uso da terra apresentado em ambas as bacias, em razão do uso de agroquímicos, oferecem riscos à qualidade da água, tanto quanto o lançamento de efluentes domésticos e industriais, uma vez que as bacias avaliadas apresentaram alterações nos mesmos parâmetros avaliados.

Dans le contexte d'augmentation de la pression démographique et des risques liés aux changements climatiques, la question de l'érosion est de plus en plus cruciale. La gestion actuelle des milieux des montagnes méditerranéennes, particulièrement affectés par ces phénomènes, repose sur une bonne connaissance de leurs sensibilités à l'érosion et de leurs trajectoires à long terme. Une approche rétrospective des trajectoires des environnements a été menée par l'étude de trois archives sédimentaires lacustres prélevées dans les Alpes du Sud (lacs Petit, Vens et Allos). L'étude multidisciplinaire (sédimentologie, géochimie, palynologie) a permis de caractériser les dynamiques érosives et végétales depuis 14000 ans. À Allos et Vens, le début de l'Holocène est marqué par la maturation des écosystèmes, l'altération chimique des sols et la progression altitudinale des forêts. Ces dynamiques environnementales conduisent à la stabilisation progressive des écosystèmes, suivie d'un optimum bio-pédologique, d'une ouverture des paysages et d'une déstabilisation des sols respectivement datées de 12000-8000 cal. BP, 8000-6000 cal. BP, 6000-1900 cal. BP et de 1900 cal.BP à aujourd'hui. Cette dernière période de déstabilisation des sols intervient plus tôt au Lac Petit, à 4200 cal. BP.Les dénominateurs communs au déclenchement de l'érosion sont à chaque fois une période de précipitations fréquentes sur un milieu fragilisé : l'impact des sociétés a provoqué un abaissement du seuil de sensibilité des milieux aux perturbations, particulièrement à l'agressivité des précipitations. / Within the context of increasing demographic pressures and hazards related to climate change, the problems posed by landscape erosion have become particularly crucial. The current management of Mediterranean mountain environments, which are highly exposed to erosion hazards, needs to be supported by a thorough understanding of their susceptibility to these hazards and their long-term trajectories.A retrospective analysis of environmental trajectories has been conducted from the study of three lacustrine sedimentary archives in the Southern Alps (Lakes Petit, Vens and Allos). This multi-disciplinary study, based on sedimentology, geochemistry and palynology, has enabled characterization of the dynamics of erosion and changes in plant cover over the last 14,000 years.In Lakes Allos and Vens, the start of the Holocene is marked by the maturing of ecosystems, by chemical weathering of soils and by forest encroachment at higher altitudes. These environmental changes resulted in progressive ecosystem stabilization, followed by a bio-pedological optimum, and subsequently by more open landscapes, and then soil destabilization. These four successive phases have ben dated, respectively, at 12,000-8000 cal. BP, 8000-6000 cal. BP, 6000-1900 cal. BP, and 1900 cal. BP to Present. The last of these phases occurred earlier, at 4200 cal. BP, in Lake Petit.The triggering of soil erosion has systematically been hinged on periods of heavy precipitation affecting landscapes rendered vulnerable, by human societies, to the effects of such perturbations.

This thesis aims to capture the life and activities of the Congregation of the Sisters of St. Cyril and Methodius from its foundation until present time. Utilising both the archives of the congregation and secondary literature this thesis attempts to chart the complete history of the congregation. Current state of the congregation is described primarily by using the method of oral history, this method being the most suitable for this purpose. The aim of this thesis is also to highlight the pastoral and social workings of the Congregation, which has been its foundation since the beginning of the Congregation and continues to this day. KEYWORDS: Congregation - Sisters of St. Cyril and Methodius - Religious history - Spirituality - Social activities - Pastoral activities