Class of 2017 Abstract / Objectives: Medication adherence tools and technologies can have a significant impact on the level of drug therapy continuation as well as improved outcomes. The RxTimerCap© is a device that aims to act as a medication adherence cap with an embedded timer to indicate the time since the medication was last taken. Our aim was to assess if this cap technology would aid in increased drug adherence and duration of therapy with abiraterone (Zytiga®). Methods: The study was a prospective, single-center, interventional study that included males 18 or older being treated with Zytiga for castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. Medication possession ratio (MPR) and duration on therapy were the primary measures used to assess if there would be improved adherence. Paired t- tests were used to analyze the data and assess the significance of the outcomes. Results: There was no significant difference between patients in MPR (p = 0.50) or in the duration of treatment (p = 0.20). Conclusions: The difference in adherence rates for patients using the RxTimerCap© and those using the standard vial cap were non-significant. The limited size of our study population and short study duration may have led to these undifferentiated outcomes. Future studies should examine this type of adherence technology in a larger sample of patients with a prolonged window of observation to better assess the benefits of using the RxTimerCap©.

Class of 2015 Abstract / Objectives: To compare the self-reported medication knowledge and attitudes of patients with psychiatric disorders who attended a patient medication education group (PMEG) versus those who did not. Methods: A convenience sample of 288 patients being discharged from an adult inpatient psychiatric unit was used. Just prior to discharge, patients were offered the opportunity to complete a questionnaire to assess their medication knowledge and attitudes. Patients who consented and attended the PMEG were assigned to the treatment group (n=81), while those who did not attend the PMEG were assigned to the control group (n= 207). The survey included nine statements for which the patients selected either agree or disagree. A Rasch analysis was used to analyze scaled questions. Chi-squared tests and Mann-Whitney U were used to analyze nominal and ordinal data, respectively. Demographic data was also collected. An alpha priori of 0.05 was applied. A Bonferroni correction was applied for multiple tests. Results: Patients who attended the PMEG were found to have a higher level of education compared to those who did not attend (p=0.037). There were no significant differences in knowledge and/or attitudes between those who attended PMEG during this admission versus those who did not attend (p=0.065). However, those who attended a PMEG during a previous hospital admission had a more positive attitude toward taking their medications (p=0.025). Conclusions: Results suggest that attitudes toward taking medications may gradually improve over time after patients attend a PMEG during an acute inpatient psychiatric admission.

Introduction: Medication errors are a major cause of illness and hospitalization of patients throughout the world. This study examines the situation regarding medication errors in the Armed Forces Hospital, Kuwait since no literature exists of any such studies for this country. Several types of potential errors were studied by physicians, nurses and pharmacists. Their attitudes to the commission of errors and possible consequences were surveyed using questionnaires. Additionally, patient medical records were reviewed for possible errors arising from such actions such as the co-administration of interacting drugs. Methods: This study included direct observations of physicians during the prescribing process, pharmacists while they dispensed medications and nurses as they distributed and administered drugs to patients. Data were collected and compiled on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyses were performed using SPSS. Where applicable, results were reported as counts and/ or percentages of error rates. Nurses, pharmacists and physicians survey questionnaires: From the 200 staff sent questionnaires a total of 149 respondents comprising nurses (52.3%), physicians (32.2%) and pharmacists (16.1%) returned the questionnaires a total response rate of 74.5%. All responses were analyzed and compared item-by-item to see if there were any significant differences between the three groups for each questionnaire item. All three groups were most in agreement about their perception of hospital administration as making patient safety a top priority with regard to communicating with staff and taking action when medication errors were reported (all means 3.0 and p > 0.05). Pharmacists were most assured of administration support when an error was reported whereas nurses were least likely to see the administration as being supportive ( p < 0.001), and were more afraid of the negative consequences associated with reporting of medication errors (p = 0.026). Although nurses were generally less likely to perceive themselves as being able to communicate freely regarding reporting of errors compared to pharmacists there was no significant difference between the two groups. Both however were significantly different from physicians (p< 0.001). Physicians had the most favorable response to perceiving new technology as helping to create a safer environment for patients and to the full utilization of such technologies within the institution in order to help prevent medical errors. Scenario response - Responses to two scenarios outlining possible consequences, should a staff member commit a medication error, tended to be very similar among the three groups and followed the same general trend in which the later the error was discovered and the more grievous the patient harm, the more severe would be the consequences to the staff member. Interestingly, physicians saw themselves as less likely to suffer consequences and nurses saw themselves as more likely to suffer consequences should they have committed a medication error. All three groups were more likely to see themselves as facing dismissal from their job if the patient were to die. RESULTS OF ALL THREE OBSERVATIONS: Result of Nursing observations: For 1124 doses studied, 194 resulted in some form of error. The error rate was 17.2% and the accuracy was 82.8%. The commonest errors in a descending order were: wrong time, wrong drug, omission, wrong strength/ dose, wrong route, wrong instruction and wrong technique. No wrong drug form was actually administered in the observational period. These were the total number of errors observed for the entire month period of the study. IV Result of Pharmacist observations: A total of 2472 doses were observed during the one month period. Observations were done for 3 hours per day each day that the study was carried out. The study showed that there were 118 errors detected which were in the following categories respectively: 52 no instructions, 28 wrong drug/unordered, 21 wrong strength/dose, ignored/omission 13, shortage of medication 3 and expired date 1. Result of Prescribers in Chart review for drug-drug interactions: The analysis of the drug-drug interactions showed that out of a total of 1000 prescriptions, 124 had drug-drug interactions. None were found to fall into the highest severity rating i.e. 4 (contraindicated). Only twenty-one interactions were rated 3 (major), 87 interactions were rated moderate and 15 interactions were rated minor according the modified Micromedex scale. Patient education: All health care such as physician, pharmacist, and nurses have a responsibility to educate patient about their medication use and their health conditions to protecting them from any error can occur by wrong using drugs. Conclusion This study has contributed to the field of medication errors by providing data for a Middle Eastern country for the very first time. The views and opinions of the nurses, pharmacists and physicians should be considered to enhance the systems to minimize any errors in the future.

Introduction: Medication errors are a major cause of illness and hospitalization of patients throughout the world. This study examines the situation regarding medication errors in the Armed Forces Hospital, Kuwait since no literature exists of any such studies for this country. Several types of potential errors were studied by physicians, nurses and pharmacists. Their attitudes to the commission of errors and possible consequences were surveyed using questionnaires. Additionally, patient medical records were reviewed for possible errors arising from such actions such as the co-administration of interacting drugs. Methods: This study included direct observations of physicians during the prescribing process, pharmacists while they dispensed medications and nurses as they distributed and administered drugs to patients. Data were collected and compiled on Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyses were performed using SPSS. Where applicable, results were reported as counts and/ or percentages of error rates. Nurses, pharmacists and physicians survey questionnaires: From the 200 staff sent questionnaires a total of 149 respondents comprising nurses (52.3%), physicians (32.2%) and pharmacists (16.1%) returned the questionnaires a total response rate of 74.5%. All responses were analyzed and compared item-by-item to see if there were any significant differences between the three groups for each questionnaire item. All three groups were most in agreement about their perception of hospital administration as making patient safety a top priority with regard to communicating with staff and taking action when medication errors were reported (all means 3.0 and p > 0.05). Pharmacists were most assured of administration support when an error was reported whereas nurses were least likely to see the administration as being supportive ( p < 0.001), and were more afraid of the negative consequences associated with reporting of medication errors (p = 0.026). Although nurses were generally less likely to perceive themselves as being able to communicate freely regarding reporting of errors compared to pharmacists there was no significant difference between the two groups. Both however were significantly different from physicians (p< 0.001). Physicians had the most favorable response to perceiving new technology as helping to create a safer environment for patients and to the full utilization of such technologies within the institution in order to help prevent medical errors. Scenario response - Responses to two scenarios outlining possible consequences, should a staff member commit a medication error, tended to be very similar among the three groups and followed the same general trend in which the later the error was discovered and the more grievous the patient harm, the more severe would be the consequences to the staff member. Interestingly, physicians saw themselves as less likely to suffer consequences and nurses saw themselves as more likely to suffer consequences should they have committed a medication error. All three groups were more likely to see themselves as facing dismissal from their job if the patient were to die. RESULTS OF ALL THREE OBSERVATIONS: Result of Nursing observations: For 1124 doses studied, 194 resulted in some form of error. The error rate was 17.2% and the accuracy was 82.8%. The commonest errors in a descending order were: wrong time, wrong drug, omission, wrong strength/ dose, wrong route, wrong instruction and wrong technique. No wrong drug form was actually administered in the observational period. These were the total number of errors observed for the entire month period of the study. IV Result of Pharmacist observations: A total of 2472 doses were observed during the one month period. Observations were done for 3 hours per day each day that the study was carried out. The study showed that there were 118 errors detected which were in the following categories respectively: 52 no instructions, 28 wrong drug/unordered, 21 wrong strength/dose, ignored/omission 13, shortage of medication 3 and expired date 1. Result of Prescribers in Chart review for drug-drug interactions: The analysis of the drug-drug interactions showed that out of a total of 1000 prescriptions, 124 had drug-drug interactions. None were found to fall into the highest severity rating i.e. 4 (contraindicated). Only twenty-one interactions were rated 3 (major), 87 interactions were rated moderate and 15 interactions were rated minor according the modified Micromedex scale. Patient education: All health care such as physician, pharmacist, and nurses have a responsibility to educate patient about their medication use and their health conditions to protecting them from any error can occur by wrong using drugs. Conclusion This study has contributed to the field of medication errors by providing data for a Middle Eastern country for the very first time. The views and opinions of the nurses, pharmacists and physicians should be considered to enhance the systems to minimize any errors in the future.

A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) tem apresentado bons resultados em saúde e pode ser um instrumento importante para a efetivação do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (URM). A prescrição medicamentosa é um componente fundamental para a promoção do URM, portanto a ESF precisa ter uma abordagem diferenciada também em relação ao processo de prescrição. Este estudo transversal visa analisar comparativamente as prescrições provenientes do serviço de atendimento médico básico tradicional com aquelas provindas da ESF, assim como avaliar a compreensão dos pacientes sobre estas prescrições, no município de Ribeirão Preto- SP. Este estudo incluiu 1.053 participantes, os quais foram alocados em dois grupos: 932 usuários provenientes do modelo de atendimento básico tradicional (Grupo A - GA) e 121 usuários provenientes da ESF (Grupo B - GB). Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e aplicou-se um instrumento para analisar a compreensão do usuário sobre a sua receita de medicamentos. As prescrições foram ainda copiadas e posteriormente analisadas de acordo com: conformidade com os itens exigidos por lei; indicadores de qualidade da prescrição propostos pela OMS; complexidade farmacoterapêutica; presença de interações medicamentosas. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (77,5%), possuía renda per capita de até um salário mínimo (67,2%) e a escolaridade correspondente ao ensino fundamental completo ou não (63,4%). A média de idade foi de 53,9 anos (DP= 17,5). Quanto à compreensão do paciente sobre a prescrição, 63,3% dos usuários do GA apresentaram compreensão insuficiente, no GB esta frequência foi de apenas 18,2%. As prescrições da ESF também se mostraram estatisticamente superiores quanto ao cumprimento dos aspectos legais: presença da forma farmacêutica (70,7% GA; 80,2% GB), dose (70,9% GA; 79,3% GB), posologia completa (63% GA; 75,2% GB), via de administração (58,3% GA; 83,5% GB), duração do tratamento (76,9% GA; 92,6% GB), endereço do prescritor (82,6% GA; 96,7% GB) e ausência de rasuras (90,3% GA; 96,7% GB). A média de medicamentos prescritos foi de 3,9 no GA (DP= 2,8) e 3,5 no GB (DP = 2,4). Em ambos os grupos cerca de 92% dos medicamentos foram prescritos pela denominação oficial, aproximadamente 91% constavam na lista de medicamentos essenciais do município. 11% das prescrições continham ao menos uma indicação de antibiótico. Medicamentos injetáveis constavam em 9,7% das prescrições do GA e 3,3% das do GB. A média de complexidade foi de 12,6 pontos no GA (DP= 9,4) e 11,8 pontos no GB (DP= 8,3). Em relação à presença de interações medicamentosas potencias, no GA a média de interações por prescrição foi de 2,5 (DP = 3,9), no GB o valor foi de 1,9 (DP= 2,6). Em conclusão, os resultados revelam práticas inapropriadas na prescrição de medicamentos em ambas as modalidades de atendimento primário, entretanto, os prescritores da ESF parecem estar mais preparados para realizar a prescrição racional de medicamentos, ainda que não estejam no padrão ideal. / The Family Health Strategy (FHS) has shown good results in health and it is argued that this strategy can be an important tool for ensuring the Rational Use of Drugs (RUD). The rational prescription of drugs is a key component to promote RUD, thus the FHS must have a differential approach regarding drug prescription process too. This cross-sectional research aims to compare drug prescriptions derived from the traditional basic medical care service with those from the FHS, as well as to measure patients\' knowledge about these prescriptions, in Ribeirão Preto- SP. This study includes 1.053 participants, which were separated into two groups: 932 individuals coming from the traditional basic medical care service (Group A - GA) and 121 individuals from the FHS (Group B - GB). Sociodemographic data was collected and an instrument to analyze patient\'s knowledge about their prescription was applied. Prescriptions were also copied and analyzed according to: compliance with prescription standards demanded by the law; prescription quality indicators proposed by WHO; pharmacotherapeutic complexity; presence of drug interactions. Most participants were female (77.5%) had per capita income up to minimum wage (67.2%) and level of education corresponding to elementary school, complete or not (63.4%). The average age was 53.9 years (SD= 17.5). Regarding patient\'s knowledge about their prescriptions, 63.3% of GA individuals had insufficient knowledge; in GB this rate was only 18.2%. Furthermore, prescriptions from FHS also show statistically superior results about compliance with standards demanded by the law, such as: the presence of the pharmaceutical form (70.7% GA; 80.2% GB), dose (70.9% GA; 79.3% GB), comprehensive posology (63% GA; 75.2% GB), administration route (GA 58.3%; 83.5% GB), time of therapy (76.9% GA; 92.6% GB) prescriber\'s address(82.6% GA; GB 96.7%) and absence of erasures (90.3% GA; GB 96.7%). The average number of prescribed drugs was 3.9 in GA (SD = 2.8) and 3.5 in GB (SD = 2.4). In both groups about 92% of the drugs were prescribed by the official nomination, approximately 91% of prescribed drugs were listed on the Essential Medications List of the city and 11% of prescriptions had at least one antibiotic prescribed. Injectable drugs were prescribed in 9.7% of prescriptions from GA and 3.3% from GB. The average complexity was 12.6 points in GA (SD = 9.4) and 11.8 points in GB (SD = 8.3). About the existence of potential drug interactions, the average drug interactions by prescriptions in GA was 2.5 (SD = 3.9), in GB it was 1.9 (SD = 2.6). All things considered, the results reveal inappropriate practices in drug prescription in both modalities of Primary Health Care, nonetheless, prescribers from FHS seem to be more prepared to make rational drug prescription, although they are not still in the ideal pattern.

O conhecimento do paciente sobre seus medicamentos é o conjunto de informações sobre o medicamento necessárias para garantir seu uso correto. Este conhecimento é insuficiente nos idosos, que representam o segmento populacional que usa mais medicamentos e que mais cresce no Brasil. Este estudo identificou fatores relacionados ao conhecimento que pacientes muito idosos (&#8805;80 anos), atendidos no Ambulatório de Fragilidade do Hospital Universitário da USP, possuíam sobre a medicação prescrita. As 11 perguntas do questionário espanhol \"Conocimiento del Paciente sobre su Medicamento\" foram adaptadas transculturalmente ao português brasileiro, processo que incluiu etapas de tradução, retradução, pré-teste e avaliação da confiabilidade e validade de construto da versão final. Esta foi usada para medir o conhecimento sobre todos os medicamentos prescritos pelo geriatra na última consulta médica por meio de uma entrevista face a face com o paciente ou seu cuidador. O conhecimento foi explicado por variáveis relacionadas ao entrevistado, ao atendimento médico e aos medicamentos, incluídas em um modelo misto linear. Foi construído um modelo para pacientes e outro para cuidadores. O questionário adaptado mostrou equivalência conceitual, de item, semântica, operacional, de mensuração e funcional com o original. A versão brasileira apresentou confiabilidade suficiente (&#945; de Cronbach=0,736). Sua estrutura interna foi semelhante a do questionário espanhol e o conhecimento estimado esteve correlacionado à adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo (rb=0,86), ao controle da pressão arterial (rb=0,46) e à complexidade da prescrição (r=-0,22). No grupo de pacientes, medicamentos usados de 0,1 a 6,0 meses (b=0,19, p=0,009), e a mais de 6 meses (b=0,12, p=0,025), foram mais conhecidos que medicamentos nunca usados. No grupo de cuidadores, medicamentos classificados como potencialmente perigosos em ambiente ambulatorial foram mais conhecidos que os outros medicamentos (b=0,16, p=0,004) e, quanto maior a categoria do nível de instrução, maior o conhecimento. Assim, recomenda-se o uso do instrumento adaptado para medir o conhecimento sobre medicamentos de uso crônico em qualquer paciente fluente na língua portuguesa. A equipe de saúde precisa prover programas contínuos de educação sobre medicamentos, os quais devem ser adaptados à rede de apoio do paciente, incluindo os medicamentos usados há muito tempo. Deve-se, também, estimular a participação ativa do paciente (empoderamento) no gerenciamento de seus medicamentos. / Patient drug knowledge is the set of drug information needed to guarantee correct drug use. This knowledge is poor in aged individuals, which is the most drug consuming and the fastest growing age group. Here, we identified factors related to the knowledge very old patients (&#8805;80 years) attending the Frailty Ambulatory of the University Hospital of USP possessed on prescribed drugs. The 11 items of the Spanish questionnaire entitled \"Conocimiento del Paciente sobre su Medicamento\" were cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, which included translation, back-translation, pretest, and reliability and construct validity assessment of the final version. The latter was used to measure knowledge about all geriatrician prescribed drugs in the last appointment by means of a face-to-face interview with either patient or caregiver. Drug knowledge was explained by variables related to interviewee, medical appointment, and prescribed drugs, which were included in a linear mixed model. It was obtained one model for patients and another for caregivers. The adapted questionnaire possessed conceptual, item, semantic, operational, measurement, and functional equivalence with the original. Realiability of the Brazilian version was sufficient (Cronbach´s &#945;=.736). Internal structure was similar to the Spanish questionnaire and estimated drug knowledge was correlated to adherence to antihypertensive treatment (rb=.86), blood pressure control (rb=.46), and medication regimen complexity (r=-.22). In the patient group, drugs used from 0.1 to 6.0 months (b=0.19, p=.009), and used longer than 6 months (b=0.12, p=.025) presented more knowledge than never used ones. In the caregiver group, medications classified as high-alert in ambulatory healthcare were associated with higher knowledge than other drugs (b=0.16, p=.004) and, higher the educational level category, the bigger the caregiver drug knowledge. Thus, this work recommends the utilization of adapted instrument in order to assess chronic drug knowledge of any patient fluent in Portuguese. Healthcare team have to provide continuous drug education programs, which should be tailored to the extent of patient support and cover even long time use drugs. Patients taking active part (empowerment) in the management of their medication should also be stimulated.

A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) tem apresentado bons resultados em saúde e pode ser um instrumento importante para a efetivação do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (URM). A prescrição medicamentosa é um componente fundamental para a promoção do URM, portanto a ESF precisa ter uma abordagem diferenciada também em relação ao processo de prescrição. Este estudo transversal visa analisar comparativamente as prescrições provenientes do serviço de atendimento médico básico tradicional com aquelas provindas da ESF, assim como avaliar a compreensão dos pacientes sobre estas prescrições, no município de Ribeirão Preto- SP. Este estudo incluiu 1.053 participantes, os quais foram alocados em dois grupos: 932 usuários provenientes do modelo de atendimento básico tradicional (Grupo A - GA) e 121 usuários provenientes da ESF (Grupo B - GB). Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos e aplicou-se um instrumento para analisar a compreensão do usuário sobre a sua receita de medicamentos. As prescrições foram ainda copiadas e posteriormente analisadas de acordo com: conformidade com os itens exigidos por lei; indicadores de qualidade da prescrição propostos pela OMS; complexidade farmacoterapêutica; presença de interações medicamentosas. A maioria dos participantes era do sexo feminino (77,5%), possuía renda per capita de até um salário mínimo (67,2%) e a escolaridade correspondente ao ensino fundamental completo ou não (63,4%). A média de idade foi de 53,9 anos (DP= 17,5). Quanto à compreensão do paciente sobre a prescrição, 63,3% dos usuários do GA apresentaram compreensão insuficiente, no GB esta frequência foi de apenas 18,2%. As prescrições da ESF também se mostraram estatisticamente superiores quanto ao cumprimento dos aspectos legais: presença da forma farmacêutica (70,7% GA; 80,2% GB), dose (70,9% GA; 79,3% GB), posologia completa (63% GA; 75,2% GB), via de administração (58,3% GA; 83,5% GB), duração do tratamento (76,9% GA; 92,6% GB), endereço do prescritor (82,6% GA; 96,7% GB) e ausência de rasuras (90,3% GA; 96,7% GB). A média de medicamentos prescritos foi de 3,9 no GA (DP= 2,8) e 3,5 no GB (DP = 2,4). Em ambos os grupos cerca de 92% dos medicamentos foram prescritos pela denominação oficial, aproximadamente 91% constavam na lista de medicamentos essenciais do município. 11% das prescrições continham ao menos uma indicação de antibiótico. Medicamentos injetáveis constavam em 9,7% das prescrições do GA e 3,3% das do GB. A média de complexidade foi de 12,6 pontos no GA (DP= 9,4) e 11,8 pontos no GB (DP= 8,3). Em relação à presença de interações medicamentosas potencias, no GA a média de interações por prescrição foi de 2,5 (DP = 3,9), no GB o valor foi de 1,9 (DP= 2,6). Em conclusão, os resultados revelam práticas inapropriadas na prescrição de medicamentos em ambas as modalidades de atendimento primário, entretanto, os prescritores da ESF parecem estar mais preparados para realizar a prescrição racional de medicamentos, ainda que não estejam no padrão ideal. / The Family Health Strategy (FHS) has shown good results in health and it is argued that this strategy can be an important tool for ensuring the Rational Use of Drugs (RUD). The rational prescription of drugs is a key component to promote RUD, thus the FHS must have a differential approach regarding drug prescription process too. This cross-sectional research aims to compare drug prescriptions derived from the traditional basic medical care service with those from the FHS, as well as to measure patients\' knowledge about these prescriptions, in Ribeirão Preto- SP. This study includes 1.053 participants, which were separated into two groups: 932 individuals coming from the traditional basic medical care service (Group A - GA) and 121 individuals from the FHS (Group B - GB). Sociodemographic data was collected and an instrument to analyze patient\'s knowledge about their prescription was applied. Prescriptions were also copied and analyzed according to: compliance with prescription standards demanded by the law; prescription quality indicators proposed by WHO; pharmacotherapeutic complexity; presence of drug interactions. Most participants were female (77.5%) had per capita income up to minimum wage (67.2%) and level of education corresponding to elementary school, complete or not (63.4%). The average age was 53.9 years (SD= 17.5). Regarding patient\'s knowledge about their prescriptions, 63.3% of GA individuals had insufficient knowledge; in GB this rate was only 18.2%. Furthermore, prescriptions from FHS also show statistically superior results about compliance with standards demanded by the law, such as: the presence of the pharmaceutical form (70.7% GA; 80.2% GB), dose (70.9% GA; 79.3% GB), comprehensive posology (63% GA; 75.2% GB), administration route (GA 58.3%; 83.5% GB), time of therapy (76.9% GA; 92.6% GB) prescriber\'s address(82.6% GA; GB 96.7%) and absence of erasures (90.3% GA; GB 96.7%). The average number of prescribed drugs was 3.9 in GA (SD = 2.8) and 3.5 in GB (SD = 2.4). In both groups about 92% of the drugs were prescribed by the official nomination, approximately 91% of prescribed drugs were listed on the Essential Medications List of the city and 11% of prescriptions had at least one antibiotic prescribed. Injectable drugs were prescribed in 9.7% of prescriptions from GA and 3.3% from GB. The average complexity was 12.6 points in GA (SD = 9.4) and 11.8 points in GB (SD = 8.3). About the existence of potential drug interactions, the average drug interactions by prescriptions in GA was 2.5 (SD = 3.9), in GB it was 1.9 (SD = 2.6). All things considered, the results reveal inappropriate practices in drug prescription in both modalities of Primary Health Care, nonetheless, prescribers from FHS seem to be more prepared to make rational drug prescription, although they are not still in the ideal pattern.

O conhecimento do paciente sobre seus medicamentos é o conjunto de informações sobre o medicamento necessárias para garantir seu uso correto. Este conhecimento é insuficiente nos idosos, que representam o segmento populacional que usa mais medicamentos e que mais cresce no Brasil. Este estudo identificou fatores relacionados ao conhecimento que pacientes muito idosos (&#8805;80 anos), atendidos no Ambulatório de Fragilidade do Hospital Universitário da USP, possuíam sobre a medicação prescrita. As 11 perguntas do questionário espanhol \"Conocimiento del Paciente sobre su Medicamento\" foram adaptadas transculturalmente ao português brasileiro, processo que incluiu etapas de tradução, retradução, pré-teste e avaliação da confiabilidade e validade de construto da versão final. Esta foi usada para medir o conhecimento sobre todos os medicamentos prescritos pelo geriatra na última consulta médica por meio de uma entrevista face a face com o paciente ou seu cuidador. O conhecimento foi explicado por variáveis relacionadas ao entrevistado, ao atendimento médico e aos medicamentos, incluídas em um modelo misto linear. Foi construído um modelo para pacientes e outro para cuidadores. O questionário adaptado mostrou equivalência conceitual, de item, semântica, operacional, de mensuração e funcional com o original. A versão brasileira apresentou confiabilidade suficiente (&#945; de Cronbach=0,736). Sua estrutura interna foi semelhante a do questionário espanhol e o conhecimento estimado esteve correlacionado à adesão ao tratamento anti-hipertensivo (rb=0,86), ao controle da pressão arterial (rb=0,46) e à complexidade da prescrição (r=-0,22). No grupo de pacientes, medicamentos usados de 0,1 a 6,0 meses (b=0,19, p=0,009), e a mais de 6 meses (b=0,12, p=0,025), foram mais conhecidos que medicamentos nunca usados. No grupo de cuidadores, medicamentos classificados como potencialmente perigosos em ambiente ambulatorial foram mais conhecidos que os outros medicamentos (b=0,16, p=0,004) e, quanto maior a categoria do nível de instrução, maior o conhecimento. Assim, recomenda-se o uso do instrumento adaptado para medir o conhecimento sobre medicamentos de uso crônico em qualquer paciente fluente na língua portuguesa. A equipe de saúde precisa prover programas contínuos de educação sobre medicamentos, os quais devem ser adaptados à rede de apoio do paciente, incluindo os medicamentos usados há muito tempo. Deve-se, também, estimular a participação ativa do paciente (empoderamento) no gerenciamento de seus medicamentos. / Patient drug knowledge is the set of drug information needed to guarantee correct drug use. This knowledge is poor in aged individuals, which is the most drug consuming and the fastest growing age group. Here, we identified factors related to the knowledge very old patients (&#8805;80 years) attending the Frailty Ambulatory of the University Hospital of USP possessed on prescribed drugs. The 11 items of the Spanish questionnaire entitled \"Conocimiento del Paciente sobre su Medicamento\" were cross-culturally adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, which included translation, back-translation, pretest, and reliability and construct validity assessment of the final version. The latter was used to measure knowledge about all geriatrician prescribed drugs in the last appointment by means of a face-to-face interview with either patient or caregiver. Drug knowledge was explained by variables related to interviewee, medical appointment, and prescribed drugs, which were included in a linear mixed model. It was obtained one model for patients and another for caregivers. The adapted questionnaire possessed conceptual, item, semantic, operational, measurement, and functional equivalence with the original. Realiability of the Brazilian version was sufficient (Cronbach´s &#945;=.736). Internal structure was similar to the Spanish questionnaire and estimated drug knowledge was correlated to adherence to antihypertensive treatment (rb=.86), blood pressure control (rb=.46), and medication regimen complexity (r=-.22). In the patient group, drugs used from 0.1 to 6.0 months (b=0.19, p=.009), and used longer than 6 months (b=0.12, p=.025) presented more knowledge than never used ones. In the caregiver group, medications classified as high-alert in ambulatory healthcare were associated with higher knowledge than other drugs (b=0.16, p=.004) and, higher the educational level category, the bigger the caregiver drug knowledge. Thus, this work recommends the utilization of adapted instrument in order to assess chronic drug knowledge of any patient fluent in Portuguese. Healthcare team have to provide continuous drug education programs, which should be tailored to the extent of patient support and cover even long time use drugs. Patients taking active part (empowerment) in the management of their medication should also be stimulated.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-19T16:40:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 evandrodeoliveiralupatini.pdf: 1858906 bytes, checksum: 5cce2914c24271bd66cff2c1d9dbc87f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T18:00:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 evandrodeoliveiralupatini.pdf: 1858906 bytes, checksum: 5cce2914c24271bd66cff2c1d9dbc87f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T18:00:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 evandrodeoliveiralupatini.pdf: 1858906 bytes, checksum: 5cce2914c24271bd66cff2c1d9dbc87f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-08 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A farmacoterapia sempre assumiu um importante papel na prevenção, manutenção e recuperação da saúde. Entretanto, a prescrição e a utilização inapropriada de medicamentos vêm causando graves problemas à saúde coletiva, de forma que há necessidade do uso racional de medicamentos. Há um consenso na literatura de que pacientes informados são mais propensos ao cumprimento de regimes terapêuticos. No contexto hospitalar, o momento da alta é considerado crítico, uma vez que envolve a transição do paciente em níveis assistenciais. O trabalho buscou verificar o conhecimento dos pacientes a respeito dos medicamentos prescritos na alta hospitalar em um hospital de ensino. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório, de corte transversal prospectivo, realizado no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora no período de setembro a dezembro de 2013. Foram entrevistados 107 pacientes ou cuidadores de pacientes no momento da alta hospitalar sendo aplicados questionários com o intuito de verificar o conhecimento sobre a prescrição de alta, bem como investigar fatores associados a este conhecimento. Foi atribuída pontuação (0 a 13 pontos) e sua correspondência em três níveis de conhecimento: insuficiente, regular e bom. A pontuação média foi 9,66 pontos, correspondendo a um nível de conhecimento regular. Dez por cento dos entrevistados apresentaram nível insuficiente, 58,9% regular e 30,8% bom. Os dois maiores índices de acerto foram quanto à frequência de administração (94,4% de concordância) e via de administração (97,2%). Os dois piores índices de acerto foram para interações medicamentosas (15,9%) e efeitos adversos (29,0%). Houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre a média da pontuação de grupos em função da raça/cor (autodeclarada) e polifarmácia. Mesmo estando satisfeitos com as orientações transmitidas, “precauções”, “efeitos adversos” e “interações medicamentosas” foram os temas mais demandados pelos entrevistados quanto a maiores orientações. Infere-se que as atividades de educação em saúde deveriam estar mais presentes, contribuindo para um maior conhecimento do paciente. Sugere-se o trabalho ordenado e conjunto dos diversos profissionais de saúde, tomando por base o diálogo com o paciente, preparando-o desde o primeiro dia de internação para o momento da alta. Neste âmbito, o profissional farmacêutico deve ser convocado a participar do planejamento da alta hospitalar, integrando a equipe multiprofissional de saúde e fornecendo ao paciente todas as informações necessárias para o uso seguro e racional dos medicamentos. / Pharmacotherapy has always played an important role in prevention, maintenance and restoration of health. However, the inappropriate prescribing and use of medicines are causing serious public health problems, and rational use of medicines is needed. There is a consensus in the literature that informed patients are more likely to comply with treatment regimens. In the hospital context, the discharge is considered critical, since it involves the transition levels of the patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of patients regarding medications prescribed at discharge in a teaching hospital. This is an exploratory study, a prospective cross-sectional, conducted at University Hospital of UFJF from September to December 2013. 107 patients or caregivers were interviewed at discharge and questionnaires were used to verify the knowledge about prescribing medicines and to investigate factors associated with this knowledge. Score (0-13 points) and their correspondence in three levels of knowledge was given: poor, regular and good. The average score was 9.66 points, which corresponds to a regular level of knowledge. Ten percent of respondents had insufficient levels, 58.9% regular and 30.8% good. The two highest accuracy rate was about the frequency of administration (94,4% agreement) and route of administration (97.2%). The two worst rates were for drug interactions (15.9%) and adverse events (29.0%). There was a statistically significant difference between mean scores based on race / color (self-declared) and polypharmacy. Despite being pleased with the guidelines provided, "precautions", "adverse effects" and "drug interactions" were the topics most in demand by respondents as the major orientations. It is inferred that the activities of education and health should be more present, contributing to a greater understanding of the patient. It is suggested that the ordered work and all the different health professionals, based on a dialogue with the patient, preparing it since the first day of admission to discharge. In this context, the pharmacist should be asked to participate in hospital discharge planning, integrating multidisciplinary health care team to the patient and providing all information necessary for the safe and rational use of medicines.

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