<p>The problem of abusive relationships has attracted national attention in South Africa. Historically South Africa has a strongly entrenched patriarchal system, which gives men proprietary rights over women. Traditional and cultural values as means of resolving conflict are critical in shaping and perpetuating violence of men toward women. A woman&rsquo / s social status is believed to be derived by her relative position to a man that is as daughter, wife, girlfriend or mother of his children. One solution to ending the abuse and leading violence free lives would be to leave the relationship. While this is a possible solution it should be noted that in order for women to leave it requires enormous restructuring of material, physical and social relations. A qualitative feminist research methodology was used with a convenience sample of 8 women who agreed to participate in the study. In depth interviews were conducted with the participants to explore the perceptions and experiences of Xhosa women in abusive relationships. The participants resided in Khayelitsha, Phillipi and Langa. The interviews lasted from 30 minutes to 45 minutes, were audio taped and transcribed. In view of the qualitative nature of the study, the researcher employed thematic analysis. Women mentioned their experiences of abuse and discussed their help seeking strategies. A number of themes that emerged from the study suggested clearly women&rsquo / s perceptions and experiences to remain in their abusive relationships. These themes relate to commitment, staying because of children, cultural beliefs (lobola), economic dependence and lack of social support. It also emerged from the discussions with women that the emotional and structural support that these women received from the NGO played a huge role. The most important finding from the study was that change occurred as a result of abuse.</p>

<p>The problem of abusive relationships has attracted national attention in South Africa. Historically South Africa has a strongly entrenched patriarchal system, which gives men proprietary rights over women. Traditional and cultural values as means of resolving conflict are critical in shaping and perpetuating violence of men toward women. A woman&rsquo / s social status is believed to be derived by her relative position to a man that is as daughter, wife, girlfriend or mother of his children. One solution to ending the abuse and leading violence free lives would be to leave the relationship. While this is a possible solution it should be noted that in order for women to leave it requires enormous restructuring of material, physical and social relations. A qualitative feminist research methodology was used with a convenience sample of 8 women who agreed to participate in the study. In depth interviews were conducted with the participants to explore the perceptions and experiences of Xhosa women in abusive relationships. The participants resided in Khayelitsha, Phillipi and Langa. The interviews lasted from 30 minutes to 45 minutes, were audio taped and transcribed. In view of the qualitative nature of the study, the researcher employed thematic analysis. Women mentioned their experiences of abuse and discussed their help seeking strategies. A number of themes that emerged from the study suggested clearly women&rsquo / s perceptions and experiences to remain in their abusive relationships. These themes relate to commitment, staying because of children, cultural beliefs (lobola), economic dependence and lack of social support. It also emerged from the discussions with women that the emotional and structural support that these women received from the NGO played a huge role. The most important finding from the study was that change occurred as a result of abuse.</p>

Magister Psychologiae - MPsych / The problem of abusive relationships has attracted national attention in South Africa. Historically South Africa has a strongly entrenched patriarchal system, which gives men proprietary rights over women. Traditional and cultural values as means of resolving conflict are critical in shaping and perpetuating violence of men toward women. A woman&rsquo;s social status is believed to be derived by her relative position to a man that is as daughter, wife, girlfriend or mother of his children. One solution to ending the abuse and leading violence free lives would be to leave the relationship. While this is a possible solution it should be noted that in order for women to leave it requires enormous restructuring of material, physical and social relations. A qualitative feminist research methodology was used with a convenience sample of 8 women who agreed to participate in the study. In depth interviews were conducted with the participants to explore the perceptions and experiences of Xhosa women in abusive relationships. The participants resided in Khayelitsha, Phillipi and Langa. The interviews lasted from 30 minutes to 45 minutes, were audio taped and transcribed. In view of the qualitative nature of the study, the researcher employed thematic analysis. Women mentioned their experiences of abuse and discussed their help seeking strategies. A number of themes that emerged from the study suggested clearly women&rsquo;s perceptions and experiences to remain in their abusive relationships. These themes relate to commitment, staying because of children, cultural beliefs (lobola), economic dependence and lack of social support. It also emerged from the discussions with women that the emotional and structural support that these women received from the NGO played a huge role. The most important finding from the study was that change occurred as a result of abuse. / South Africa

Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a estrutura celular da família, percebida como uma corrente, em que a fragilidade de um dos elos (desgaste ou rompimento) pode fazer ruir toda a sua poderosa estrutura. Foram objeto de análise as obras Pequenos burgueses, Casa na duna e Uma abelha na chuva, de Carlos de Oliveira. Estudaram-se, separadamente e em conjunto, as relações familiares: pai, mãe, filhos, marido e mulher, e o papel representado por cada um, no seio de uma família tradicional de modelo judaico-cristão, que, no advento da modernidade, vê seus valores contestados, fragilizados e, pouco a pouco, desmoronando. Patriarcalismo e Marialvismo, submissão da mulher, desconstrução do masculino, desejos insatisfeitos, comportamentos sexuais tidos como modelares, são alguns dos aspectos discutidos em Estranhamento, desencontros e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira. Foi possível detectar, nos romances, a ausência de afetividade entre parceiros, talvez provocada por uniões firmadas em bases de interesses que não levam em consideração o amor, mas a manutenção de um status social no qual o casamento é um movimento inercial que permite a homens e mulheres manterem o patrimônio herdado, ou se torna uma mercadoria em que se troca sangue por dinheiro. Carlos de Oliveira, numa perspectiva temporal, desconstrói e desmistifica a família de modelo tradicional, revelando suas mazelas e os comportamentos hipócritas, tecidos de falso moralismo, percebidos na moral dúbia de seus elementos humanos. / This work is a result of a research on the cellular structure of the family, seen as a chain, in which the fragility of one of the links (consuming or breakage) can drop all its powerful structure. The dissertation analyzes Casa na duna, Pequenos burgueses e Uma abelha na chuva, novels by Carlos de Oliveira. We studied, separately and in set, the familiar relations: father, mother, children, husband and wife and the role played by them in the family circle of a traditional Jewish-Christian family, that, in the advent of modernity, sees its values contested and, little by little, pulling down. Patriarchal System and Marialvismo, submission of women, unsatisfied desires, deconstruction of the male, patterned sexual behaviors, are some of the aspects argued in Estranhamento, desencontros e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira. It was possible to detect, in the novels, the lack of affection between partners, perhaps caused by unions signed on bases of interests that do not take in consideration the love, but the social maintenance of one status in which the marriage is an inertial motion that allows to the men and women to keep the inherited patrimony, or becomes a merchandise in which it exchanges blood for money. Carlos de Oliveira, in a secular perspective, deconstructs and demystifies the family of traditional model, disclosing to its wounds and the hypocritical behaviors, made of false value judgment, perceived in the dubious morality of its human elements.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALINE MOTTER.pdf: 5912571 bytes, checksum: 3971e10b116314073fbde6bf06ac5870 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / On this research it has been analyzed the family farmers women participation on the milky activity. It has been used the patriarch concept for that, which consist in a domination system where there is the man supremacy on the woman. Such system exist as conductor as in social relations as economic and cultural, which the women have a inferior role, as in the public space as private. The Southwest region of Parana, especially the counties of Francisco Beltrão and Salto do Lontra, the objects of research are composed by a family agriculture, colonized from a patriarch and capitalist logic. The agriculture of this region has as base the production of grains from a technological package and the milky production that has become an important income source for the families for the farms since 1990. The milky production, which used to be an activity performed basically by women started being managed by men after the agriculture modernization. The sexual division of work is very intense in a patriarch system and the women are responsible for the daily chores (which demands more time) and the most of the time the work that is not paid ( as the house chores, cooking, taking care of children and elders). Besides to verify the devaluation of women work, it has been realized that the most of the cases are the men who represent the family in public spaces and the decision makings, being as a leader or even as a participant in the courses for technician capacitation. In this sense, although it has been standing out some social and economical advancements, mainly from the women struggles, specifically in the region of Southwest of Parana, through the unions and Women Movements, etc., even so the women were not able to break the patriarchal system of subordination and in the case of farmers they keep on dependents of men, mainly financially, because they are considered the bosses of productive units and most important representative of institutions related to family agriculture. / Nesta pesquisa, procuramos analisar a participação das mulheres agricultoras familiares na atividade leiteira. Para tanto, utilizamos o conceito de patriarcado, o qual consiste em um sistema de dominação, em que há supremacia do homem sobre a mulher. Este sistema vigora como condutor tanto de relações sociais quanto econômicas e culturais, em que as mulheres são relegadas a um papel inferiorizado, tanto no espaço público quanto no privado. A mesorregião Sudoeste Paranaense, em especial os municípios de Francisco Beltrão e Salto do Lontra, objetos de nossa pesquisa, são compostos por uma agricultura familiar, colonizada a partir da lógica capitalista e patriarcal. A agricultura desta mesorregião tem como base a produção de grãos a partir do pacote tecnológico da agricultura e a produção leiteira que se tornou importante fonte de renda para as famílias agricultoras principalmente a partir da década de 1990. A produção leiteira, que era uma atividade desempenhada predominantemente pelas mulheres, após modernização da agricultura e da própria atividade pecuária, passa a ser administrada pelos homens. A divisão sexual do trabalho é intensa no patriarcado e, as mulheres ficam responsáveis pelos trabalhos cotidianos (os quais demandam mais tempo) e pela maior parte do trabalho não remunerado (como na casa, com a alimentação, cuidado de crianças e idosos). Além da onstatação da desvalorização do trabalho da mulher, percebemos que na maioria dos casos são os homens que representam a família nos espaços públicos e de tomadas de decisões, seja como dirigente ou mesmo participantes das entidades representativas. Assim são eles que participam dos cursos de capacitação técnica. Neste sentido, embora destacamos que tenham ocorridos vários avanços sociais e econômicos, principalmente a partir das lutas das mulheres, no caso da mesorregião Sudoeste Paranaense, seja a partir do Movimento Popular de Mulheres, da participação das mulheres no sindicalismo, etc. ainda assim, as mulheres não romperam com o sistema patriarcal de subordinação e, no caso das agricultoras, continuam dependentes dos homens, principalmente financeiramente, pois eles são considerados os chefes das unidades produtivas e os principais representantes das entidades relacionadas a agricultura familiar.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ALINE MOTTER.pdf: 5912571 bytes, checksum: 3971e10b116314073fbde6bf06ac5870 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / On this research it has been analyzed the family farmers women participation on the milky activity. It has been used the patriarch concept for that, which consist in a domination system where there is the man supremacy on the woman. Such system exist as conductor as in social relations as economic and cultural, which the women have a inferior role, as in the public space as private. The Southwest region of Parana, especially the counties of Francisco Beltrão and Salto do Lontra, the objects of research are composed by a family agriculture, colonized from a patriarch and capitalist logic. The agriculture of this region has as base the production of grains from a technological package and the milky production that has become an important income source for the families for the farms since 1990. The milky production, which used to be an activity performed basically by women started being managed by men after the agriculture modernization. The sexual division of work is very intense in a patriarch system and the women are responsible for the daily chores (which demands more time) and the most of the time the work that is not paid ( as the house chores, cooking, taking care of children and elders). Besides to verify the devaluation of women work, it has been realized that the most of the cases are the men who represent the family in public spaces and the decision makings, being as a leader or even as a participant in the courses for technician capacitation. In this sense, although it has been standing out some social and economical advancements, mainly from the women struggles, specifically in the region of Southwest of Parana, through the unions and Women Movements, etc., even so the women were not able to break the patriarchal system of subordination and in the case of farmers they keep on dependents of men, mainly financially, because they are considered the bosses of productive units and most important representative of institutions related to family agriculture. / Nesta pesquisa, procuramos analisar a participação das mulheres agricultoras familiares na atividade leiteira. Para tanto, utilizamos o conceito de patriarcado, o qual consiste em um sistema de dominação, em que há supremacia do homem sobre a mulher. Este sistema vigora como condutor tanto de relações sociais quanto econômicas e culturais, em que as mulheres são relegadas a um papel inferiorizado, tanto no espaço público quanto no privado. A mesorregião Sudoeste Paranaense, em especial os municípios de Francisco Beltrão e Salto do Lontra, objetos de nossa pesquisa, são compostos por uma agricultura familiar, colonizada a partir da lógica capitalista e patriarcal. A agricultura desta mesorregião tem como base a produção de grãos a partir do pacote tecnológico da agricultura e a produção leiteira que se tornou importante fonte de renda para as famílias agricultoras principalmente a partir da década de 1990. A produção leiteira, que era uma atividade desempenhada predominantemente pelas mulheres, após modernização da agricultura e da própria atividade pecuária, passa a ser administrada pelos homens. A divisão sexual do trabalho é intensa no patriarcado e, as mulheres ficam responsáveis pelos trabalhos cotidianos (os quais demandam mais tempo) e pela maior parte do trabalho não remunerado (como na casa, com a alimentação, cuidado de crianças e idosos). Além da onstatação da desvalorização do trabalho da mulher, percebemos que na maioria dos casos são os homens que representam a família nos espaços públicos e de tomadas de decisões, seja como dirigente ou mesmo participantes das entidades representativas. Assim são eles que participam dos cursos de capacitação técnica. Neste sentido, embora destacamos que tenham ocorridos vários avanços sociais e econômicos, principalmente a partir das lutas das mulheres, no caso da mesorregião Sudoeste Paranaense, seja a partir do Movimento Popular de Mulheres, da participação das mulheres no sindicalismo, etc. ainda assim, as mulheres não romperam com o sistema patriarcal de subordinação e, no caso das agricultoras, continuam dependentes dos homens, principalmente financeiramente, pois eles são considerados os chefes das unidades produtivas e os principais representantes das entidades relacionadas a agricultura familiar.

Este trabalho é resultado de uma pesquisa sobre a estrutura celular da família, percebida como uma corrente, em que a fragilidade de um dos elos (desgaste ou rompimento) pode fazer ruir toda a sua poderosa estrutura. Foram objeto de análise as obras Pequenos burgueses, Casa na duna e Uma abelha na chuva, de Carlos de Oliveira. Estudaram-se, separadamente e em conjunto, as relações familiares: pai, mãe, filhos, marido e mulher, e o papel representado por cada um, no seio de uma família tradicional de modelo judaico-cristão, que, no advento da modernidade, vê seus valores contestados, fragilizados e, pouco a pouco, desmoronando. Patriarcalismo e Marialvismo, submissão da mulher, desconstrução do masculino, desejos insatisfeitos, comportamentos sexuais tidos como modelares, são alguns dos aspectos discutidos em Estranhamento, desencontros e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira. Foi possível detectar, nos romances, a ausência de afetividade entre parceiros, talvez provocada por uniões firmadas em bases de interesses que não levam em consideração o amor, mas a manutenção de um status social no qual o casamento é um movimento inercial que permite a homens e mulheres manterem o patrimônio herdado, ou se torna uma mercadoria em que se troca sangue por dinheiro. Carlos de Oliveira, numa perspectiva temporal, desconstrói e desmistifica a família de modelo tradicional, revelando suas mazelas e os comportamentos hipócritas, tecidos de falso moralismo, percebidos na moral dúbia de seus elementos humanos. / This work is a result of a research on the cellular structure of the family, seen as a chain, in which the fragility of one of the links (consuming or breakage) can drop all its powerful structure. The dissertation analyzes Casa na duna, Pequenos burgueses e Uma abelha na chuva, novels by Carlos de Oliveira. We studied, separately and in set, the familiar relations: father, mother, children, husband and wife and the role played by them in the family circle of a traditional Jewish-Christian family, that, in the advent of modernity, sees its values contested and, little by little, pulling down. Patriarchal System and Marialvismo, submission of women, unsatisfied desires, deconstruction of the male, patterned sexual behaviors, are some of the aspects argued in Estranhamento, desencontros e solidão: a representação da família na ficção de Carlos de Oliveira. It was possible to detect, in the novels, the lack of affection between partners, perhaps caused by unions signed on bases of interests that do not take in consideration the love, but the social maintenance of one status in which the marriage is an inertial motion that allows to the men and women to keep the inherited patrimony, or becomes a merchandise in which it exchanges blood for money. Carlos de Oliveira, in a secular perspective, deconstructs and demystifies the family of traditional model, disclosing to its wounds and the hypocritical behaviors, made of false value judgment, perceived in the dubious morality of its human elements.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur professionella inom Sveriges kvinnojourer beskriver vad hedersrelaterad utsatthet innebär på individ –och strukturell nivå och hur hederskontexten och samhället påverkar män och kvinnors förutsättningar för integration och delaktighet i det svenska samhället. Individer som lever i hederkontexten lever med en dubbel utsatthet. Detta innebär att dessa individer är dubbelt förtryckta, dels från kontexten de lever i men även samhället har en bidragande roll till utsattheten då vi har kommit fram till att det finns mycket inbäddad diskriminering i samhället. Integrationen för individer inom hederskontexten påverkas också av faktorer som kan relateras till individerna inom hederskontexten och samhällets bemötande av individerna. Hedersrelaterad utsatthet har ofta förknippats med kulturella normer och våld mot kvinnor, den här uppsatsen vill belysa hur problematiken och integrationen av dessa individer kan se ut ur ett individ – och samhällsperspektiv. Uppsatsen kommer att ha en kvalitativ utgångspunkt där vi besvarar syftet genom att intervjua kvinnojourer från sex av Sveriges kvinnojourers berättelser. Intervjuerna har varit semistrukturerade vilket bidragit till att undersökningen fått fylliga berättelser då intervjupersonerna själva kunnat påverka vad de ansetts som viktigt att belysa. Anledningen till att vi valt kvinnojourer var att de kunde bidra med den information som krävdes då de är insatta i hedersrelaterad utsatthet och deras integration.Vi har tagit hjälp av fem stycken teoretiskautgångspunkter för att kunna förklara den problematik som förekommer inom några av Sveriges familjer och för att förstå hur hederskontexten och samhället påverkar integrationen. Dessa teorier omfattar teorin om patriarkatet och genus, ackulitivering, socialisering och teorin om strukturell diskriminering. / The purpose of this paper is to examine how professionals in some of Swedens shelterhomes describes what honor related vulnerability involves on an individual and structural level and how the honorcontext and society affect men 's and women's opportunities for inclusion and participation in the Swedish society. Individuals living in the honourcontext live with a double vulnerability. This means that these individuals are doubly oppressed, both from the context in which they live but also the society has a contributory role of the vulnerability. We have come to the conclusion that there are a lot of embedded discrimination in society. The integration of individuals within the honorcontext is also affected by factors that can be related to the individuals within the context and societies treatment of individuals. Honour related vulnerability has often been associated with cultural norms and violence against women, this paper wants to illustrate how the honorproblems and the integration of these individuals can look like from an individual - and societal perspective. The essay will have a qualitative perspective where we answer the purpose by interviewing professionals from six of Sweden's shelterhomes. The interviews were semi-structured, which contributed to rich stories when interviewees themselves were able to influence what they regarded as important to highlight. The reason we chose sheltershomes was that they could provide the necessary information about honor related vulnerability and integration. We have taken the help of five theoretical bases to explain the problems that exist in some of Sweden's families and to understand how the honorkontext and society affect integration. These theories include the theory of patriarchy and gender, ackultivisation, socialization and the theory of structural discrimination.

This thesis problematizes to relationship between gender based poverty and exclusion and urban space. Five forms of oppression, namely exploitation, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, violence, marginalization, faced by women in highly patriarchal urban setting are examined to identify the spatial dynamics of each forms of oppression. A field research was carried out in one of the poor neighborhood of Ankara / nearby Siteler where male dominated furniture production is carried out. Through the in-depth interviews, women&rsquo / s perception and experience of spatializedoppression is documented and used to develop the arguments put forward in the theoretical section.

Le Liban est fondé sur une société patriarcale dont l’une des multiples exigences est la naissance d’un garçon au sein des familles. Nous avons pu constater que cette exigence est relayée par les femmes elles-mêmes qui disent souhaiter plus que tout la maternité d’un fils, si possible le premier né. Ce désir si souvent exprimé semble donner raison à la théorie phallo-centrée de Freud qui pose pour la femme une envie primaire du pénis et de sa résolution par la naissance d’un enfant mâle. Pourtant, d’autres théories sur le développement psychosexuel de la femme ont vu le jour déjà chez les disciples directs de Freud puis dans les théorisations psychanalytiques contemporaines. Nous avons voulu explorer cette question en étudiant, grâce à des entretiens cliniques de recherche et la passation de projectifs, le développement psychosexuel de jeunes femmes libanaises à qui depuis leur plus jeune âge, leur entourage et particulièrement leur mère, leur avait explicitement évoquer le fait qu’elles avaient désiré durant leur grossesse un garçon.Si cela nous ne nous a pas permis de trancher le débat entre théorie phallo-centrée et les autres théories, notre travail a mis en évidence que quand le désir inconscient, certes mu par ses conflits inconscients reliés à son propre développement psychosexuel, rencontre le désir de répondre aux mieux à la contrainte sociale de la société patriarcale, la femme bénéficie d’un certain épanouissement. En revanche, force est de constater que dans le cas contraire, les femmes paient une lourde tribu sous formes d’accidents ou d’événements périnataux volontaires et d’une grande souffrance psychique. On a pu aussi mettre en évidence, l’induction de troubles dans les relations précoces avec leur nouveau-né fille qui font le lit à une répétition trans-générationnelle mortifère. Ainsi, à leur tour et en dépit du fait qu’elles déplorent avoir souffert de leur statut de filles-nées, elles désirent donner naissance à un garçon. / Lebanon is based on a patriarchal society whose multiple demands include the birth of a boy within families. We have seen that this requirement is supported by the women themselves, who say they want more than anything the motherhood of a son, if possible the first born. This desire so often expressed seems to support Freud's phallocentric theory, which poses for women a primary desire for the penis and its resolution through the birth of a male child. However, other theories on the psychosexual development of women have already emerged among Freud's direct disciples and then in contemporary psychoanalytical theorizations.We wanted to explore this question by studying, through clinical research interviews and the passing of projective tests, the psychosexual development of young women to whom from an early age, their environment and especially their mother, had explicitly told them that they had wanted a boy during their pregnancy.If this did not allow us to settle the debate between phallocentric theory and other theories, our work has shown that when the unconscious desire, certainly driven by its unconscious conflicts related to its own psychosexual development, meets the desire to respond as well as possible to the social constraint of patriarchal society, women enjoy a certain fulfillment. On the other hand, it must be noted that, otherwise, women pay a heavy price in the form of accidents or voluntary perinatal events and great psychological suffering. We have also been able to highlight the induction of disorders in early relationships with their newborn daughter who make the bed at a deadly transgenerational repetition. Thus, in turn, and despite the fact that they regret having suffered from their status as born girls, they wish to give birth to a boy.