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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Three empirical essays in the economics of crime /

Miles, Thomas John. January 2000 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Economics, June 2000. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.
12

The regulation and development of the British moneylending and pawnbroking markets, 1870-2016

McMahon, Craig M. January 2018 (has links)
This thesis examines the regulation and development of the moneylending and pawnbroking markets in Britain since the 1870s. The six regulatory episodes examined illustrate how the role of state intervention in these markets has been debated, and how it has evolved. The thesis asks: what were the motivations for reform, which market features were regulators most concerned with, and what were their proposed solutions? It demonstrates how majority and minority viewpoints have informed regulation and documents the often-conflicting expectations of how regulation was meant to influence lending decisions, borrower outcomes and poverty. By identifying the primary motivating factors behind regulation, the study answers why and how some policymakers sought to restrict low-income borrowers from gaining access to credit. It finds that policymakers have shifted their focus from market competition and freedom of consumer choice towards financial inclusion and poverty reduction. The result is a better understanding of the regulation and development of two credit products that were, and remain, vital to the working class. This research shows that the motivations for reform have varied over time. In 1872, 1900, 1927, 2006 and after the Great Recession, policymakers sought to restrict ‘illegitimate, evil and predatory’ small loan lenders, who were accused of exacerbating the conditions of the poor. In 1974, policymakers sought enhanced regulation such as information disclosure to increase market competition and decrease the cost of borrowing. In 2014, the FCA believed that the payday loan market still lacked price competition and implemented price controls as a corrective measure. Less varied were the issues of concern and proposed solutions. This research identifies five main areas of regulatory concern: the high cost of loans, advertising, the use of an annual percentage rate (APR), the legitimacy of moneylenders and pawnbrokers in the financial system and regulatory enforcement. It identifies three main policy responses: price controls, information disclosure and licensing. By analysing the motivations, debated issues and proposed solutions, this research examines wider questions concerning freedom of contract, borrower rationality, bargaining inequity, market segmentation and credit rationing. It contributes to the scholarly and policy dialogue on price controls, information disclosure and the development of non-bank lending. This research also provides new perspectives on the Victorian poverty debate and the modern financial inclusion agenda as they relate to the interaction between regulation, high-cost credit and poverty.
13

Skulle ett offentligt bostadsrättsregister underlätta för fastighetsmäklare? : Med fokus på rutinen för pantsättning och mäklares kontrollskyldighet / Would a public register over tenant-owned apartments simplify the work for real estate brokers? : Focusing on the routine for pawnbroking and the real estate brokers’ control obligation

Jönsson, Hanna, Svensson, Annie January 2021 (has links)
Denna uppsats syftar till att redogöra för om och varför ett offentligt bostadsrättsregister skulle underlätta för fastighetsmäklare i deras yrkesutövning samt föra en egen diskussion kring hur ett register bör uppföras, vad det ska innehålla och hur det kan finansieras. Den svenska regeringen har både 1996 och 2005 tillsatt utredningar för att undersöka om ett sådant register borde bli verklighet men utfallen har vid båda tillfällena avslagits, varpå en ny utredning påbörjades i december 2020 som ska presenteras senast i juli 2022. Det primära dilemmat som behöver förändras är att pantsättningsförfarandet för bostadsrätter ska göras mer rättssäkert. I dagsläget sköts pantsättningen genom underrättelse, denuntiation, mellan panthavare och bostadsrättsföreningen via otydliga och framför allt föråldrade regler. Bostadsrättsföreningarna bär ett överdådigt ansvar på sina axlar genom skyldigheten att upprätta och hålla den så kallade lägenhetsförteckningen uppdaterad. Styrelseledamöterna är ofta lekmän och har således inga utbildningskrav men kan vid misstag, från dem eller tidigare ledamöter, tvingas erlägga både skadestånd och böter. Det finns därför stora risker för rättsliga fel i bostadsrätter vilket därtill beror på svårigheter för bostadsrättsföreningen att avgöra om informationen de får ska noteras i lägenhetsförteckningen eller ej, dold pant, ej avnoterad pant samt felaktiga uppgifter i förteckningen. Problemen torde kunna lösas genom att införa ett digitalt offentligt bostadsrättsregister som uppförs och administreras av professionell aktör, förslagsvis en Bostadsrättsmyndighet som ligger under Lantmäteriets organisation. Registret ska tillgängliggöras för flera olika parter, däribland mäklare, bostadsrättsföreningar och ekonomiska förvaltare, bostadsrättshavare, panthavare och diverse myndigheter såsom finanspolisen och Kronofogden. I samband med att registret ska införas behöver information från nuvarande lägenhetsförteckning konverteras och framför allt korrigeras för att samtliga uppgifter ska stämma. När det väl är gjort kommer mäklaren enklare kunna fullgöra sin kontrollskyldighet när de på “ett klick” i sitt mäklarsystem kan begära ut aktuell data om bostadsrätten som ska förmedlas. / The purpose of this essay is to examine if and why a public register over the tenant-owned apartments would make it easier for real estate brokers in their professional  practice. In the analysis we will also bring to discussion a proposal regarding the construct, content and funding of the register. The Swedish government has appointed investigations in both 1996 and 2005 to analyse whether such a register should become a reality. However, the results have in both cases been negative, after which a new investigation was started in December 2020, that will be presented no later than July 2022. The primary dilemma that needs to change is that the procedure of pawnbroking for tenant-owned apartments must be more legally secure. At present, the pawnbroking is managed through an appraisal, from the pledgee, to the tenant-owner associations by vague and outdated rules. The responsibilities of the tenant-owner associations are overmuch by reasons of the obligations to establish and update an apartment register. Usually the board members are lay people and thus have no training requirements. Who can, in case of mistakes, be obligated to render both damages as well as fines. Therefore, there are great risks of legal errors for tenant-owned apartments, which is also due to the association to determine whether the information they receive should be noted in the register or not. Beyond that, there are also issues regarding pawnbroking that are hidden or not delisted and incorrect information in the register. The problems should be solved by introducing a digital public tenant-owned apartment register, established and administered by professional actors. As a suggestion, a tenant-owned apartment administrative authority, Bostadsrättsmyndigheten, that is in the same organisation as the land surveying, Lantmäteriet. This register shall be made available to several different parties, including real estate brokers, tenant-owner associations, financial managers, tennants, pledgees and various authorities such as the financial police department and the Swedish Enforcement Authority. In connection with the introduction of the public register, information from the current apartment register needs to be converted and above all corrected to ensure properness. These efforts will eventually simplify the real estate broker’s control obligation related to whether the apartment is afflicted with pledges or not. Since they immediately can request the latest data regarding the apartment that will be mediated.
14

Vägledande faktorer vid investeringsbedömning för ett fastighetsbolag med verksamhet inom samhällsfastigheter : En fallstudie i samarbete med Ledstången Stockholm AB / Factors of guidance in investment decisions for a real estate company operating with public property : A case study in collaboration with Ledstången Stockholm AB

Hermansson, Micaela, Palm, Martin January 2021 (has links)
Intresset för samhällsfastigheter har ökat avsevärt på senare år. Långa hyreskontrakt med offentligt finansierade hyresgäster gör att segmentet ses som en trygg investering med stabila kassaflöden. Svenska samhällsfastigheter AB delägs av Ledstången och är ett av bolagen som investerar i samhällsfastigheter. När bolaget står inför nya fastighetsförvärv genomgår potentiella objekt en process för beslutsfattande. Processen inkluderar analys av marknadsdata och ett antal investeringsparametrar för att bedöma om det är värt att genomföra affären. Syftet med denna studie är att komma fram till i vilken grad givna faktorer som drift- och underhållskostnader, kontrakterad hyra, belåningsgrad, inflation, exit yield samt marknadsvärde påverkar en portföljs IRR och cash-on-cash samt vilka andra faktorer utöver dessa som är vägledande vid investeringsbeslut. Detta gjordes genom att analysera tre olika fastighetsportföljer och tre enskilda fastigheter till salu på marknaden i april 2021 med hjälp av en kalkylmodell i Microsoft Excel där data för de portföljer och samhällsfastigheter som ingår i materialet matades in. Fastighetsportföljerna värderades utifrån kassaflödesmetoden och nyckeltalen IRR och cash-on-cash presenterades för de potentiella förvärven. Utöver detta analyserades mäklarprospekt för de olika marknadsobjekten för att belysa de faktorer som excelmodellen inte tar hänsyn till. Resultatet av fallstudien visar vilken av fastigheterna och portföljerna som redovisade starkast respektive svagast nyckeltal. Vidare genomfördes en känslighetsanalys med olika antaganden på drift- och underhållskostnader, marknadsvärde, kontrakterad hyra, exit yield, belåningsgrad och inflation för att belysa osäkerheten i en ekonomisk kalkyl och den påverkan detta har på nyckeltalen. Resultatet av känslighetsanalysen visar att en liten förändring av exit yield medför en mycket stor skillnad i marknadsvärdet och att bashyran var den mest kritiska parametern i sin påverkan på nyckeltalet IRR av de parametrar som ingick i känslighetsanalysen. / The demand for public property in Sweden has increased significantly in recent years. It is considered a safe investment with long-term leases that generate a stable cash flow over time. Svenska samhällsfastigheter AB is co-owned by Ledstången and are one of the companies that invest in public properties. When the company is facing new acquisitions, potential objects undergo a certain process of investment analysis. This process includes analysis of market data as well as several investment parameters, to assess whether or not it is worth carrying out the transaction. This study aims to determine to what extent factors such as operating- and maintenance cost, contracted rent, loan-to-value ratio, inflation, exit yield and market value affect the IRR and cash-on-cash of a portfolio. Also to determine other factors that can be of guidance in investment decisions. This was done by analyzing three different real estate portfolios of interest to Ledstången by inputting relevant data for each portfolio in a Microsoft Excel calculation model as well as three other properties for sale on the market in April of 2021. The value of each portfolio and property was calculated based on the cash flow method, and the key figures IRR and cash-on-cash were presented for each of the new potential acquisitions. In addition to this, broker brochures were analyzed for the various objects to shed light on the factors that the model in excel could not take into account. The result of this case study showed which of the real estate portfolios and properties reported the strongest and weakest IRR, furthermore a sensitivity analysis was carried out with different assumptions on operating- and maintenance cost, market value, contracted rent,  loan-to-value ratio, and inflation to shed light on the uncertainty of an economic calculation and the impact this has on its key figures. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that only a small change in exit yield entails a large difference in the market value and that the contracted base rent was the most critical parameter in its impact on the key figure of IRR out of all the parameters included in the sensitivity analysis.

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