This final thesis is focused on the theory of international contract. It opens various sections and tools, that are needed to ensure contract, and explains mechanism of working of those tools in international trade.

This thesis analyses an international sales contract especially its two parts, delivery and payment terms. Objective of the thesis is to present the high importance of delivery and payment terms in international sales contracts, how they influence the price as well as the whole business transaction. This text is devided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The first part deals with the whole characterization of an international sales contract, its belongings, legislative definition and detailed description of the delivery and payment terms. International chamber of commerce and insurance are also mentioned. The practical part concerns with anylysis of the particular examples from Ceco-legno company.

The main objective is to analyze various possibilities in credit risk management from a perspective of a domestic company dealing mainly with foreign customers. The thesis contains both theoretical and practical part and includes general characteristics of risk and different types of risk in international business. It puts emphasis on credit risk, its origin and types of credit defaults. Furthermore there are included various methods used for counterparty risk estimation, credit risk valuation anf its elimination in form of setting up credit limits based of rating agencies recommendations or financial analysis, choise of relevant payment terms etc. The thesis contains several classic and multifactor models used in credit analysis. Main topic is credit risk management and methods for the risk elimination such as factoring,forfaiting, guarantees, collaterals or insurance. The last part demonstrates a practical case using the knowledge from the theoretical parts.

The main goal of my Master´s thesis is to evaluate dynamic environment of international trade with fresh fruit and vegetables. In the first part of my thesis I analyzed importance of the production of fresh fruit and vegetables for economies of selected countries. Next I had described the trade flows and patterns. In the second part I made a characterization of payment terms and trade negotiations in the context of international trade with fresh fruit and vegetables. Furthermore I made an analysis of import and export rules and regulations of the EU. Based on this analysis I came to general conclusions on the trade policies of countries and communities. In the last part of my thesis I applied findings from the previous parts on the analysis of two cases. The first analyzed case is the situation of imports of Chinese pomelo to the EU, with regards to maximal residue levels of pesticides. Second analyzed case is the situation of South African citruses imported to the EU, with regards to the problematic of citrus black spots.

Submitted by Alexandre Otomo de Almeida (otomo.almeida@gmail.com) on 2017-03-04T15:15:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_vf2.pdf: 906019 bytes, checksum: 389d53353d9269653e591405747ca68f (MD5) / Rejected by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br), reason: Alexandre, boa noite Para que possamos aceitar seu trabalho, por gentileza, realizar os ajustes de acordo com as normas a ABNT: Diminuir os espaços entre as frases do título. A apresentação ocorreu em 2017. Alterar São Paulo 2016, para São Paulo 2017. Na contra capa e folha de assinaturas, em campo de conhecimento deverá colocar sua área: Economia. Em seguida, submeter novamente o arquivo. att on 2017-03-07T00:11:09Z (GMT) / Submitted by Alexandre Otomo de Almeida (otomo.almeida@gmail.com) on 2017-03-07T02:06:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_vf2.pdf: 905969 bytes, checksum: ddcaca60b92b7d4a93c6ae17626d4f8a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Renata de Souza Nascimento (renata.souza@fgv.br) on 2017-03-08T23:41:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_vf2.pdf: 905969 bytes, checksum: ddcaca60b92b7d4a93c6ae17626d4f8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-09T13:17:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_vf2.pdf: 905969 bytes, checksum: ddcaca60b92b7d4a93c6ae17626d4f8a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-09 / This paper consists of a study over the impact of interest rates and maturities of loans for electronics and home appliances in Brazil, designed for consumers with credit constraints. Using micro data on loans of one of the largest retailers in the Brazilian market, some econometric models were built using conditional and nested logit approach, in order to estimate elasticities of loan demand with respect to the interest rate, the maturity of the loan and the terms value. Moreover, marginal substitution rates were also estimated between those attributes to evaluate consumer’s propensity to choose different combinations of loan conditions. Given the number of different product categories sold by this retailer, two of the most important were selected. The results suggest that the interest rate, the payment terms and the loan maturity are important factors on consumer decision. Loan demand is leveraged by loan’s smaller interest rates and payment terms. However, there is a material marginal substitution rate between payment terms and loan maturity or interest rate. This means that consumers are highly prone to change from loans with higher payment terms to others with lower ones, even if they face higher interest rates and longer terms to maturity. Results also suggest that consumers are not really aware of the real value paid for these products. / O trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo do impacto da taxa de juros e dos prazos de financiamento sobre a demanda de eletroeletrônicos no Brasil para os públicos com restrição de acesso a crédito. Utilizando dados de vendas por meio de crédito direto ao consumidor (CDC) de um grande varejista brasileiro, foram construídos modelos logit condicional e aninhado para dimensionamento das elasticidades da demanda às taxas de juros, aos prazos de parcelamento e ao valor das parcelas. Além disso, foram dimensionadas as subsequentes taxas marginais de substituição entre os atributos dos planos de financiamento oferecidos aos clientes, para avaliar a propensão à troca de condições de planos de financiamento pelos consumidores. Dada a extensão das categorias de produtos existentes no varejista em questão, foram selecionadas duas categorias de alta representatividade no resultado de vendas. Para as duas categorias selecionadas, foi constatado que a taxa de juros é fator importante na decisão de compra, bem como o número e valor das parcelas. A demanda se mostrou positivamente impactada por taxas de juros menores, bem como por valores de parcela menores. No entanto, os consumidores se mostraram altamente dispostos à substituição de planos com prazos de financiamento e taxas de juros menores por planos com valores menores das parcelas. Por fim, foi constatado que os consumidores têm baixa consciência do valor real pago pelos produtos comprados.