No description available.

As a founding member of the Via Campesina (1993) and active participant in the Global Justice Movement (the altermondialiste movement in France), the Confederation paysanne (CP) - which literally stands for 'peasant confederation' - has been presented in academic and activist circles as a key player in the struggle against neoliberal globalisation, and as a contributor to the emergence of new transnational activist networks and a 'global civil society'. As a trade union representing the interests of 'peasants', the CP has been praised as an innovative form of professional organisation whose originality lies in its ability to defend farmers' interests while at the same time responding to a broader set of challenges for the planet and those who populate it (environmental degradation, cultural homogeneity, social injustice). As a result, the CP - and in particular its emblematic leader Jose Bove - was rapidly propelled to the forefront of a new progressive avant-garde whose discourse on the cultural and economic threats of neoliberalism found a positive echo in farming and non-farming circles alike. -- Yet, as I shall argue throughout the following pages, the CP's success was not only related to its successful response to the new challenges for the 'peasantry' and society but also to its re-appropriation of popular and essentialist representations of 'peasantness' as a timeless and intrinsically egalitarian condition. From the moment that we recognise this, our understanding of the union's evolving popularity changes. Many observers and activists, for example, explained the CP's disappointing result in the 2007 professional elections by arguing that the CP was ahead of its time.

No description available.

"The Tale of Nisuke," which deals with conditions in the Higo domain of Southern Japan around 1800 as experienced by the peasantry, forms the core of this thesis; it is here for the first time translated and studied in depth. Besides the translation of the text, I have set myself the task of establishing its value as illustrative source material for the student of Tokugawa society by identifying the background of its author and his intentions. In the absence of contemporary references to the "Tale" as well as other clues to assist me in my task, I have had to proceed by analyzing the "Tale" 's content and then to establish its position within the cultural context of Tokugawa society. The resulting socio-cultural portrait of Higo provides at the same time the clues to a correct understanding of the "Tale" as well as a comprehensive insight into rural life in a comparatively backward region of late Tokugawa Japan. The great variety of questions raised by the "Tale," a quality which makes this text so singularly suited as departure point of a cultural study, has forced me to concentrate more intensively on historical questions than would first seem warranted by the subject. All of my commentary must, however, be seen as of immediate importance to a full understanding of the "Tale". The first chapter contains a general introduction to the history of the Tokugawa period, with special reference to the developments in the village. The second chapter traces the political and economic history of the Higo domain in the 18th century to portray conditions which constitute the background to the "Tale". The third chapter contrasts peasant life in the economically advanced regions with conditions in the Higo domain and investigates the role played by the rural priesthood in the life of the peasantry. In the fourth chapter, an introduction to the tradition of critical writing in Tokugawa literature leads to a discussion of the "Tale," followed by my conclusions as to author and purpose of the "Tale". In Part Two, there then follows my annotated translation of the "Tale".

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:09:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-06-04. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:27:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841044.pdf: 2964177 bytes, checksum: 5ff22b6af7b16b6ec281ec0b10b2a15c (MD5) / O campo é, além de celeiro e propulsor da economia brasileira, o grande palco onde se realizam as transformações sociais e políticas. Desde a década de 70, o capitalismo vem se expandindo pela fronteira amazônica por meio das madeireiras, dos pecuaristas, dos rentistas e a da mineração na Serra dos Carajás, sudeste do Pará. Em tal década também se viu a chegada de inúmeras famílias expropriadas que migravam, em direção à mesma fronteira, movidas pelos projetos de Colonização e Reforma Agrária dos Governos Militares. Migrantes e amazônidas; sulistas, paulistas, nordestinos, seringueiros, garimpeiros, ribeirinhos, pecuaristas, mineradores e indígenas; se encontraram com todas as diferenças no mesmo local. Praticamente meio século depois de iniciados tais processos, a fronteira mostra a força do desenvolvimento capitalista pela qual foi submetida, através de empresas de grande valor na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA) como: Vale, Odebrecht, Camargo Correia, Friboi, Natura e Petrobras. É dentro desse cenário, que o presente estudo se insere a fim de analisar como essas famílias de colonos têm sobrevivido na região. Para tanto, foi pesquisada e descrita a história da migração ao sucesso econômico, dos camponeses do Projeto RECA, situados, na Ponta do Abunã, entre o Acre e Rondônia. Trata-se de desnudar, fielmente à história desses camponeses, os pensamentos, as atitudes, os anseios, as relações com o Estado e com as empresas, de forma a posicioná-los como atores das batalhas em todos os caminhos e descaminhos construídos e, dessa maneira, ter-se uma visão das transformações, das dissonâncias, das relações. A história oral, foi um dos principais métodos utilizados para: a aproximação pesquisador/pesquisado, recuperar as memórias de migração, entender os anseios de vida na Amazônia e os sonhos das famílias. Também, foram pesquisados os projetos concedidos pelo governo às famílias, as... / The field is in addition to barn and propellant of the Brazilian economy, the big stage where they perform social and political transformations. Since the 70s, capitalism is expanding by Amazon frontier through logging, cattle ranchers, rentiers and mining in Carajás, Pará southeastern. In this decade also saw the arrival of many families who migrated expropriated toward the frontier, driven by projects of Colonization and Agrarian Reform of Military Governments. Migrants and Amazonians; southerners, Northeastern, tappers, miners, natives, ranchers, miners and indigenous, met all the differences in the same location. Nearly half a century after the beginning of such processes, the border shows the strength of capitalist development in which they are placed, through companies of great value in Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) as Vale, Odebrecht, Camargo Correia, Friboi, Natura and Petrobras. It is within this scenario, the present study is situated in order to analyze how these families of settlers have survived in the region. Therefore, it was investigated and described the history of the struggle dreams, migration to economic success, the peasants of RECA Project, situated in Ponta do Abunã, between Acre and Rondônia. It is bare, faithfully to the story of these peasants, thoughts, attitudes, desires, relations with the state and with businesses in order to position them as actors of battles in all ways and non built and this way, having a vision of the transformations, the dissonances of relations . Oral history, was one of the main methods used to: a search approach/researched, retrieve memories migration, understand the anxieties of life in the Amazon and dreams of families. Projects awarded by the government to households, the guidelines and state plans were also searched. Finally, we resorted to the literature on rural sociology, to understand the debate on the issue, confirming some theses and theories

Orientador: Maria Orlanda Pinassi / Banca: Adriano Pereira Santos / Banca: Silvia Beatriz Adoue / Resumo: O campo é, além de celeiro e propulsor da economia brasileira, o grande palco onde se realizam as transformações sociais e políticas. Desde a década de 70, o capitalismo vem se expandindo pela fronteira amazônica por meio das madeireiras, dos pecuaristas, dos rentistas e a da mineração na Serra dos Carajás, sudeste do Pará. Em tal década também se viu a chegada de inúmeras famílias expropriadas que migravam, em direção à mesma fronteira, movidas pelos projetos de Colonização e Reforma Agrária dos Governos Militares. Migrantes e amazônidas; sulistas, paulistas, nordestinos, seringueiros, garimpeiros, ribeirinhos, pecuaristas, mineradores e indígenas; se encontraram com todas as diferenças no mesmo local. Praticamente meio século depois de iniciados tais processos, a fronteira mostra a força do desenvolvimento capitalista pela qual foi submetida, através de empresas de grande valor na Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (BOVESPA) como: Vale, Odebrecht, Camargo Correia, Friboi, Natura e Petrobras. É dentro desse cenário, que o presente estudo se insere a fim de analisar como essas famílias de colonos têm sobrevivido na região. Para tanto, foi pesquisada e descrita a história da migração ao sucesso econômico, dos camponeses do Projeto RECA, situados, na Ponta do Abunã, entre o Acre e Rondônia. Trata-se de desnudar, fielmente à história desses camponeses, os pensamentos, as atitudes, os anseios, as relações com o Estado e com as empresas, de forma a posicioná-los como atores das batalhas em todos os caminhos e descaminhos construídos e, dessa maneira, ter-se uma visão das transformações, das dissonâncias, das relações. A história oral, foi um dos principais métodos utilizados para: a aproximação pesquisador/pesquisado, recuperar as memórias de migração, entender os anseios de vida na Amazônia e os sonhos das famílias. Também, foram pesquisados os projetos concedidos pelo governo às famílias, as... / Abstract: The field is in addition to barn and propellant of the Brazilian economy, the big stage where they perform social and political transformations. Since the 70s, capitalism is expanding by Amazon frontier through logging, cattle ranchers, rentiers and mining in Carajás, Pará southeastern. In this decade also saw the arrival of many families who migrated expropriated toward the frontier, driven by projects of Colonization and Agrarian Reform of Military Governments. Migrants and Amazonians; southerners, Northeastern, tappers, miners, natives, ranchers, miners and indigenous, met all the differences in the same location. Nearly half a century after the beginning of such processes, the border shows the strength of capitalist development in which they are placed, through companies of great value in Stock Exchange (BOVESPA) as Vale, Odebrecht, Camargo Correia, Friboi, Natura and Petrobras. It is within this scenario, the present study is situated in order to analyze how these families of settlers have survived in the region. Therefore, it was investigated and described the history of the struggle dreams, migration to economic success, the peasants of RECA Project, situated in Ponta do Abunã, between Acre and Rondônia. It is bare, faithfully to the story of these peasants, thoughts, attitudes, desires, relations with the state and with businesses in order to position them as actors of battles in all ways and non built and this way, having a vision of the transformations, the dissonances of relations . Oral history, was one of the main methods used to: a search approach/researched, retrieve memories migration, understand the anxieties of life in the Amazon and dreams of families. Projects awarded by the government to households, the guidelines and state plans were also searched. Finally, we resorted to the literature on rural sociology, to understand the debate on the issue, confirming some theses and theories / Mestre

No description available.

This dissertation analyzes the political-economy of agrarian social relations and uneven development in La Libertad, Chontales, Nicaragua. It locates the development of agrarian structures and municipal politics at the interstices of local level processes and supra-local political-economic projects, i.e., an expanding world market, Nicaraguan nation-state and class formation, and U.S. imperialism. The formation and expansion of private property in land and the contested placement of municipal borders forms the primary locus for this analysis of changing agrarian relations. Over the course of the century explored in this dissertation, the uneven development of class and state power did not foster capitalist relations of production (i.e., increasing productivity based on new investment, development of the forces of production, proletarianization) and did not entail the disappearance of peasant producers; rather, peasant producers proliferated. Neither emerging from a pre-capitalist past nor forging a (classically) capitalist present, classes and communities were shaped through constant movement (e.g., waves of migration and population movements, upward and downward mobility) and structured by forms of accumulation rooted in extractive economic practices and forms of dependent-commercial capitalism on the one hand, and the politics of state - including municipal - formative dynamics on the other. The proliferation of peasant producers, both constrained and made possible by these processes, depended upon patriarchal relations (through which family labor was mobilized and landownership and use framed) and an expansive frontier (through which land pressure was relieved and farm fragmentation mitigated), although larger ranchers and landlords depended upon and benefited from these as well, albeit in different ways. The social relations among different classes and strata were contradictory, entailing forms of dependence, subordination, and exploitation as well as identification and affinity. In the context of the Sandinista revolution, these ties created the basis for a widely shared counterrevolutionary political stance across classes and strata while these class and strata distinctions conditioned the specificities and experiences of opposition. / Anthropology

Diss. Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2007.

A presente tese é oriunda de uma análise da obra cinematográfica de Adrian Cowell (1934-2011), sobretudo, a partir das produções inerentes à Amazônia brasileira no período de 1980 a 1990, através da série A década da destruição, bem como as produções documentais mais recentes que revisitam a referida década da destruição e apresentam seus possíveis legados a partir de diferentes resistências e territorialidades da Amazônia Legal brasileira e suas implicações e conexões numa escala mundializada. Dessa maneira, objetivou-se comprovar, no decorrer da referida pesquisa, a importância da obra cinematográfica de Cowell ancorado em quatro dimensões indissociáveis: a primeira visa comprovar que seu acervo cinematográfico é o maior sobre a Amazônia, o segundo versa sobre os intensos e atuais registros dos conflitos no campo, o terceiro remete ao papel das políticas públicas territoriais na Amazônia em consonância com a teoria dos conflitos agrários envolvendo indígenas, posseiros, sem terras, camponeses, entre outras populações extrativistas/tradicionais e, por fim, a última dimensão indica uma contribuição pedagógica, ou seja, os documentários como instrumento de pesquisa, linguagem, denúncia e recurso político-pedagógico para as escolas. Assim, o argumento central da tese é, justamente, defender que a década da destruição proposta por Cowell ultrapassa qualquer limitação temporal, pois constata-se que as terras públicas são constantemente griladas na Amazônia e em outras regiões do país. Por isso, é possível inferir, no decorrer das análises da sua obra cinematográfica em consonância com a revisão bibliográfica, atualização dos dados advindos da Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), bem como trabalhos de campo que as resistências e territorialidades filmadas por Adrian Cowell no período de cinquenta anos (1958-2008) evidenciam uma leitura profícua sobre a teoria dos conflitos agrários na Amazônia, cujas marcas remetem às lutas de classes antagônicas, conflitos ambientais e territoriais e demais contradições no seio da formação da sociedade capitalista. / This thesis is based on an analysis of Adrian Cowells cinematographic work (1934-2011), particularly from the productions inherent to the Brazilian Amazon from 1980 to 1990, through the series - The Decade of Destruction, as well as recent documentary productions that revise the decade of destruction and present their possible legacies from different resistances and territorialities of Brazilian Legal Amazon and its implications and connections on a world scale. Thus, this research aims to prove the importance of Cowell\'s cinematographic work anchored in four inseparable dimensions: the first aims to prove that its cinematographic collection is the largest on the Amazon, the second is about the intense and current records of conflicts in the countryside, the third refers to the role of territorial public policies in the Amazon, in line with the theory of agrarian conflicts involving indigenous, squatters, landless, peasants, among other extractivists/traditional populations, and finally the last dimension indicates a pedagogical contribution, that is, documentaries as instrument of research, language, denunciation and political-pedagogical resource for schools. So, the central argument of the thesis is precisely to defend that the decade of the destruction, proposed by Cowell, exceeds any temporal limitation, since it is shown that public lands are constantly Illegally-held in the Amazon forest and in other regions of the country. Therefore, it is possible to infer, in the course of the analyzes of his cinematographic work, in consonance with the bibliographical revision, to update the data coming from the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT), as well as field works that resistances and territorialities filmed by Adrian Cowell, in the period of fifty (1958-2008), show a fruitful reading on the theory of agrarian conflicts in Amazonia, whose marks refer to struggles of antagonistic classes, environmental and territorial conflicts and other contradictions in the formation of capitalist society.