Orientador: Sergio Antonio da Silva Leite / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-20T17:11:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Souza_ReginaAparecidaMarquesde_D.pdf: 5167571 bytes, checksum: 68e16f1f3742db55ba298f899b50c273 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa objetivou observar, analisar e descrever os elementos constitutivos das relações de mediação de uma professora, que se efetivaram no cotidiano de uma sala de aula da primeira série do ensino fundamental, visando à superação/compreensão do erro produzido por seus alunos. Centramos o campo teórico na abordagem histórico-cultural, enfatizando alguns conceitos, tais como: mediação, zona de desenvolvimento proximal, formação de conceitos e a noção de erro. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram baseados na pesquisa qualitativa, com enfoque no estudo de caso, tendo como instrumentos para a coleta dos dados a video-gravação, entrevistas e coleta de material (atividades) dos alunos. Os dados envolveram cinqüenta episódios de interação, organizados em matrizes que apresentavam dois quadros com três colunas cada: o primeiro, com a descrição da interação professor-aluno, destacando as condições antecedentes, o desempenho do aluno e as condições conseqüentes O segundo, com a descrição da relação pesquisadora-aluno, com as mesmas colunas. Os episódios foram divididos em: com sucesso e sem sucesso e analisados a partir de nove categorias e subcategorias, que oportunizaram a realização de testes estatísticos, permitindo identificar a significância dos fatores analisados pelas categorias. Três fatores foram considerados significantes para explicar as diferenças entre os episódios com e sem sucesso: a) Qualidade da Instrução - Clareza, b) Mediação da Professora Diante do Erro ¿ Abrangência e c) Finalização da Mediação. Além disso, a identificação dos alunos envolvidos nos episódios sem sucesso sugeriu que a história de vida escolar tem uma importância significativa no processo de superação do erro / Abstract: This research aims objectified to observe, analyze and describe the constituent elements of the relations of mediation of a teacher, that were accomplished in the daily life of a classroom of the first series of basic education, aiming ovecoming/comprehension of errors produced by pupils. We center the theoretical field in the description-cultural approach, emphasizing some concepts, such as: mediation, zone of proximal development, formation of concepts and the notion of error. The methodolia procedures had been based on the qualitative research, with approach in the case study, having as instruments for the collection of the data the video-writing, interviews and collection of material (activities) of the pupils. The data had involved fifty episodes of interaction, organized in matrices that presented two pictures with three columns each: first with the description of the interaction teacher-pupil, emphasizing the antecedent conditions, the consequent performance of the pupil. The second presented the relation researcher-pupil, described with the same columns. The episodes had been divided in: successfully and without success and all had been analyzed from nine categories and subcategorias, that provided the accomplishment of statistical tests, that allowed to identify the significance of the factors analyzed for the used categories. Three factors had been considered significant to explain the differences between the episodes with and without success: ) Quality of the Instruction - Clarity, b) Mediation of the Teacher Ahead of the Error - Reching and c) Finishing of the Mediation. Moreover, the identification of the involved pupils in the episodes without success suggests that the history of pertaining to school life has a significant importance in the process of overcoming of the error / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

Le e-learning, et plus particulièrement l’enseignement à distance, est ici appréhendé comme terrain d’étude pour le chercheur en sciences de l’information et de la communication (SIC). La problématique adopte une démarche pluridisciplinaire; ancrée sur les Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication, elle intègre, sous une forme systémique, des apports heuristiques des sciences de l'éducation, de l’épistémologie, des sciences cognitives et des sciences humaines. Elle questionne la pertinence du système de communication au sein des dispositifs d’enseignement et de formation à distance.Les technologies numériques de l’information et de la communication (TNIC) intégrées dans des environnements d’apprentissage ouvrent de nouveaux horizons pour l’éducation à travers le développement de l'enseignement à distance (EAD) permettant de dépasser les contraintes d’espace et de temps souvent imposées par le système éducatif traditionnel. Nous proposons d'étudier ces dispositifs en insistant sur la pertinence et l'importance de la communication dans leur performance et réussite car nous constatons, à travers une étude empirique menée sur un centre de télé-enseignement en sciences, qu’il ne suffit pas d’inscrire les apprenants sur une plateforme dédiée à l’enseignement et à la transmission de savoirs pour que ces derniers s’accrochent à leur formation, atteignent leurs objectifs et acquièrent des compétences. / Elearning has been chosen as a field study on Information and Communication Sciences (ICS). The problem takes a multidisciplinary approach: anchored on Information and Communication Sciences, it integrates, in a systemic form, heuristic contributions of educational sciences, epistemology, cognitive sciences and humanities. It questions the relevance of the communication system within distance systems of education and training.Integrating numerical technologies of information and communication in learning environments open up new horizons for education by developing distance education to overcome space and time constraints often imposed by the traditional education system. We propose to study these devices with an emphasis on the relevance and the importance of communication on their performance and success. As we see, through an empirical study on a distance education center, that it is not enough to register learners on a platform dedicated to teaching and transmitting knowledges to make them cling to their training, achieve their goals and get skills.