In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in modeling crowd and evacuation dynamics. Pedestrian models are based on macroscopic or microscopic behavior. In this work, we are interested in developing models that can be used for evacuation control strategies. Hence, we use macroscopic modeling approach, where pedestrians are treated in an aggregate way and detailed interactions are overlooked. In this dissertation, we developed two-dimensional space crowd dynamic models to allow bi-directional low by modifying and enhancing various features of existing traffic and fluid dynamic models. In this work, four models based on continuum theory are developed, and conservation laws such as the continuity and momentum equations are used. The first model uses a single hyperbolic partial differential equation with a velocity-density relationship, while the other three models are systems of hyperbolic partial differential equations. For one of the system models presented, we show how it can be derived independently from a microscopic crowd model. The models are nonlinear, time-varying, hyperbolic partial differential equations, and the numerical simulation results given for the four macroscopic models were based on computational fluid dynamics schemes. We also started an initial control design that synthesizes the feedback linearization method for the one-dimensional traffic flow problem applied directly on the distributed parameter system. In addition, we suggest and discuss the information technology requirements for an evacuation system. This research was supported in part from the National Science Foundation through grant no. CMS-0428196 with Dr. S. C. Liu as the Program Director. This support is gratefully acknowledged. Any opinion, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this study are those of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation. / Ph. D.

La presente tesis realiza el modelado, comparación y evaluación del desempeño de la evacuación de peatones en municipalidad de Pueblo Libre-Lima-Perú, mediante la aplicación de un factor de pánico y un análisis descriptivo macroscópico. Estos indicadores fueron empleados y comparados con situaciones ideales (simulacros) para mostrar la relación y diferencia entre distintas formas de evaluar el desempeño usuario-estructura, puesto que estos indicadores permiten observar la diferencia que hay en la toma de decisiones y cambios de parámetros como los tiempos de despeje, velocidades y densidades. Primero se describe el entorno nacional, haciendo énfasis en situaciones fatídicas en recintos de gran aforo. Se plantea la problemática, se establece el objetivo general y los objetivos específicos de la presente tesis, así como la justificación, los alcances y los límites de la misma. El primer capítulo refiere al marco teórico y las características que afectan en el desarrollo de la evacuación como la infraestructura y el factor psicológico. Además, se presentan los métodos empleados para evaluar los parámetros a estudiar. En el segundo capítulo se expone el tipo de diseño y los procedimientos para obtener la información necesaria. En el tercer capítulo se exponen los resultados de la investigación. Se presentan los resultados obtenidos acorde a los objetivos planteados. En el cuarto y último capítulo se presentan las conclusiones a las que se llegaron con el estudio y se responde al objetivo general y los específicos de la tesis; y se enuncian las recomendaciones. / This thesis performs the modeling, comparison and evaluation of the performance of pedestrian evacuation in the municipality of Pueblo Libre-Lima-Peru, through the application of a panic factor and a macroscopic descriptive analysis. These indicators were used and compared with ideal situations (simulations) to show the relationship and difference between different ways of evaluating user-structure performance, since these indicators allow us to observe the difference in decision making and parameter changes such as clear times, speeds and densities. First, the national environment is described, with an emphasis on fateful situations in large spaces. The problem is posed, the general objective and the specific objectives of this thesis are established, as well as the justification, the scope and the limits of it. The first chapter refers to the theoretical framework and the characteristics that affect the development of evacuation such as infrastructure and the psychological factor. In addition, the methods used to evaluate the parameters to be studied are presented. The second chapter describes the type of design and the procedures to obtain the necessary information. The results of the investigation are presented in the third chapter. The results obtained are presented according to the objectives set. In the fourth and final chapter, the conclusions reached with the study are presented and the general objective and the specific ones of the thesis are answered; and the recommendations are stated. / Tesis