O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o efeito clínico e microbiológico residual, na saúde bucal de 40 crianças, cujas mães participaram de um programa preventivo longitudinal, finalizado há sete anos. Elas foram divididas em grupo teste (GT, n=26) e placebo (GP, n=14). Também fizeram parte do estudo, crianças, de mães que deixaram de participar, no decorrer do programa grupo controle, (GC, n=9). Foram avaliados os índices de cárie (OMS, 1999), de placa visível, de sangramento gengival (AINAMO; BAY, 1975), profundidade do sulco gengival à sondagem (GOMES-FILHO et al., 2006), contagem de estreptococos do grupo mutans (EGM) em UFC/mL de saliva e, fatores indicadores de risco à cárie dentária (FIRC). Foram feitas comparações intergrupos, intragrupos e, da amostra total, em diferentes momentos. Considerou-se nessas comparações os dados coletados ao final do programa preventivo (data base) e no controle após sete anos. Das avaliações intergrupos realizadas após sete anos, as que obtiveram resultados significantes foram: a contagem de EGM em UFC/mL de saliva, maior para o GC em relação ao GP e GT (Kruskall-Wallis, p= 0,014); o FIRC relativo ao motivo da consulta, com maior procura por tratamento preventivo para o GC (Quiquadrado, p=0,04) e maior procura por tratamento restaurador para o GP (Quiquadrado, p=0,01). Das avaliações intragrupos realizadas entre a data base e após sete anos, a que obteve resultado significante foi: maior ceo-s para o GP (ANOVA e Tukey, p=0,00). Das avaliações da amostra como um todo, realizadas após sete anos, as que obtiveram resultados significantes foram: relacionadas aos FIRC (Pearson, p<0,05 e r= -1 a 1), envolvendo fator socioeconômico; procura pelo cirurgião-dentista (pela mãe, para a criança, por motivo de dor), frequência de escovação, frequência de visitas ao cirurgião-dentista, frequência de escovação após o jantar e, escolaridade do pai; relacionadas aos índices de saúde bucal (Pearson, p< 0,05 e r= 0,97 a 1), envolvendo índice de cárie, índice de placa visível e, mancha branca. A avaliação do efeito residual do programa preventivo de cárie aplicado às mães como objetivo proteger seus filhos, auxilia na determinação de melhores estratégias, para a implementação de programas preventivos no futuro. Conclui-se pelos dados analisados que o programa foi capaz de manifestar alguns resultados positivos na população diretamente envolvida, após sete anos do seu término / The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological residual effect of a longitudinal preventive program directed to mothers on the oral health of 40 children, after seven years. The children were divided into two groups: test group (TG, n = 26) and placebo (PG, n = 14). An additional control group (CG, n = 9) corresponded to children whose mothers dropped out of the preventive program. The clinical oral health indices evaluated were: dental caries (WHO, 1999); visible plaque and gingival bleeding (AINAMO; BAY, 1975) and depth of the gingival sulcus probing (GOMES-FILHO et al., 2006). The count of mutans streptococci (MS) in CFU / mL of saliva, and risk factors indicators associated with dental caries (RFIC) were also evaluated. Comparisons were made between groups, within groups and with the total sample, at different times. The data obtained at the end of the preventive program (baseline) as well as those after seven years were considered in these comparisons. The intergroup evaluations performed after seven years, showed significant higher MS count in CFU / mL of saliva for CG when compared PG and TG (Kruskal-Wallis, p = 0.014); concerning the RFIC, the higher reason for consultation was preventive treatment for CG (Chi-square, p = 0.04) and restorative treatment for the PG (Chi-square, p = .01). The intragroup evaluation for PG performed between baseline and after seven years, showed a significant increase in the dmfs (ANOVA and Tukey\'s test, p = .00). Evaluations of the total sample performed after seven years, showed significant results related to the RFIC (Pearson, p <0.05 and r = ±1), involving socioeconomic factor, searching for dentist (by mother to the child, by reason of pain), frequency of brushing, frequency of visits to the dentist, frequent brushing after dinner, and father\'s education. Besides, factors related to oral health indices (Pearson, p <0.05 and r = 0.97 to 1), involving caries, plaque, and visible index and, white spot. The evaluation of the residual effect of a caries preventive program applied to mothers, aiming to maintain oral health of their children, helps to determine better strategies for the implementation of prevention programs in the future. Considering the data of the present study it is concluded that the program was able to express some positive results in the population directly involved, after seven years of its completion.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-26T09:52:02Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Larissa da Silva Moura - 2015.pdf: 2134342 bytes, checksum: 01ed98fe80185227f4ae4ac62f8c3caa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-01-26T09:52:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Larissa da Silva Moura - 2015.pdf: 2134342 bytes, checksum: 01ed98fe80185227f4ae4ac62f8c3caa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-26T09:52:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Larissa da Silva Moura - 2015.pdf: 2134342 bytes, checksum: 01ed98fe80185227f4ae4ac62f8c3caa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-29 / The effectiveness of a sedative for pediatric dental treatment is commonly assessed through observational scales that assess the children behaviour. There is little information about the ability of a variety of scales in properly evaluate this behavior. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of three scales,e,g,. Houpt Scale, Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale (OSUBRS) and Venham Behavior Rating Scale, to measure the behavior of preschool children during dental procedures under sedation. This study was an observational study nested to a randomized clinical trial (NCT02284204), which included 27 children between 4 and 6 years of age with early childhood caries and negative behavior in previous consultation. Participants underwent dental treatment under moderate sedation with midazolam and ketamine with or without addition of sevoflurane. The sessions were videotaped and five trained and calibrated observers watched the movies to record the behavior of children according to each scale. The data showed non-normal distribution (Shapiro-Wilk, P> 0.05); descriptive and correlation analyses were made (Spearman test). A total of 1,209 minutes of videos were observed and analyzed. Global scales (Houpt overall behavior and Venham) had closer scores of good behavior. The most frequent scores for Houpt were “no crying” and “no movement”, and for OSUBRS, “quiet”. Statistically significant correlations (P <0.05) occurred between Houpt overall behavior and Venham; Houpt overall behavior with Houpt categories movement (scores 2 and 4) and cry (scores 1, 2 and 4); Venham with Houpt movement (score 4) and cry (scores 2 and 4). OSUBRS scores 1 and 4 had high correlation coefficients with Houpt overall behavior and Venham. The Houpt overall behavior and the Venham Behavior Scale were highly correlated to measure behavior of children in dental treatment under sedation. OSUBRS showed better correlation with global scales compared to the categories of crying and movement of Houpt scale. / Para a avaliação da eficácia de um agente sedativo para tratamento odontológico de crianças, uma das medidas utilizadas é o comportamento, e isso é feito através de escalas observacionais. No entanto, há poucas informações sobre a capacidade de avaliar corretamente esse comportamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características de três escalas - Escala comportamental de Houpt, Ohio State University Behavioral Rating Scale (OSUBRS) e Escala comportamental de Venham - em mensurar o comportamento de crianças pré-escolares durante procedimento odontológico sob sedação. Esse trabalho foi um estudo observacional aninhado a um ensaio clínico randomizado (NCT02284204) que incluiu 27 crianças entre 4 e 6 anos de idade com cárie dentária e comportamento resistente ao tratamento odontológico. Os participantes foram submetidos a tratamento odontológico sob sedação moderada com uso de midazolam e cetamina com adição ou não de sevoflurano. Os atendimentos foram gravados em vídeo e cinco observadores treinados e calibrados assistiram para registrar o comportamento das crianças segundo cada escala. Os dados apresentaram distribuição não-normal (Shapiro-Wilk, P>0,05); foram feitas análises descritivas e de correlação (teste de Spearman). Um total de 1.209 minutos de vídeos foram observados e analisados. Escalas globais (Houpt comportamento geral e Venham) apresentaram escores mais próximos de bom comportamento. Os escores mais frequentes para Houpt foram de pouco choro e movimento e, para OSUBRS, comportamento quieto. Correlações estatisticamente significantes (P<0,05) ocorreram entre Houpt comportamento geral e Venham (rho= -,87); Houpt comportamento geral com Houpt categorias movimento (escore 2 e 4) e choro (escores 1, 2 e 4); Venham com Houpt movimento (escore 4) e choro (escores 2 e 4). OSUBRS escores 1 e 4 tiveram altos coeficientes de correlação com Houpt comportamento geral e Venham. Concluiu-se que a escala de Comportamento Geral de Houpt e a Escala Comportamental de Venham foram altamente correlacionadas para aferir comportamento de crianças em tratamento odontológico sob sedação. OSUBRS apresentou melhor correlação com as escalas globais, se comparado com as categorias de choro e movimento de Houpt.

Purpose: This was a pilot study assessing the impact of a sensory adapted dental environment (SADE) on children with developmental disabilities (DD) receiving routine dental care. Methods: A crossover study of 22 children with DD, aged 6 through 21, was conducted at Virginia Commonwealth University Pediatric Dental clinic. Each participant was randomized to a sequence of two dental cleanings, one regular dental environment (RDE) and one SADE with a 3-4-month recall. Outcomes included physiological measures (heart rate and oxygen saturation) and cooperation (Frankl scores). Results: Study subjects completed a total of 36 visits. None of the physiological measures differed at either time point between the two treatment settings. The Frankl scores were significantly higher with SADE setting than RDE (p =0.0368). Forty-six percent of parents strongly agreed that they would prefer the SADE for their child’s next visit. Conclusion: SADE may be associated with improved behavior in children with DD.

A COMPARISON OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICACY OF SILVER DIAMINE FLUORIDE AND SILVER NITRATE: AN IN VITRO STUDY By: Nicholas L Luke, D.D.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, May 2018 Thesis Advisor: William O. Dahlke Jr., D.M.D. Pediatric Dentistry, Department Chair Purpose: To determine the antimicrobial efficacy of SDF and SN/NaF. Methods: Three bacterial species were combined to create an in vitro biofilm. Treatment was completed with SN, SN/NaF, SDF, SDF½ or untreated (control). Results: The untreated group demonstrated significantly higher growth than all other treatment groups across the study. On the BHI-plates (1-day), there were significant differences between all treatments except SDF and SDF½. On the BHI-plates (3-days), SN/NaF was not significantly different from SDF or SDF½. On the L-MRS-plates (1-day), both SN treatment groups yielded significantly higher growth than the SDF groups. On the L-MRS-plates (3-days), SN yielded significantly higher growth than SN/NaF, SDF, and SDF½. Conclusion: SDF is more effective than SN/NaF, with the exception of BHI-plates (3-days) only and SN/NaF is more effective than SN on primarily S. mutans and L. acidophilus. There is evidence of a possible antimicrobial tolerance of oral bacteria to silver.

The Muscatine Pediatric Dentistry Clinic (MPDC) at the Muscatine Center for Social Action (MCSA) was established January 4th, 2005. It is a partnership between the MCSA and The University of Iowa's Department of Pediatric Dentistry. MPDC operates Tuesdays (care provided by senior dental students) and Thursdays (care provided by pediatric dentistry residents). Students and residents are supervised by a pediatric dentistry faculty member. MPDC's mission is to provide dental care to low income children residing in Muscatine and Louisa counties, in Iowa. Care includes diagnostic, preventive, restorative, and emergency services. MPDC targets a population that has been traditionally underserved by local dentists including Medicaid-enrolled children and low income children without dental insurance. MPDC offers dental students the opportunity to gain experience treating children with the ultimate goal of increasing the number of practicing general dentists who serve pediatric populations. MPDC completed 6 years of operation on January 4th, 2010. The main goals of this study were to describe patient characteristics, clinical activities and parental satisfaction at the Muscatine clinic and to compare characteristics of the Muscatine clinic to those of the University of Iowa's pediatric dentistry clinic at the College of Dentistry. Clinical activities and patient profile variables for MPDC were reported for the entire fiscal year 2009-10 year. Variables include patient age, gender, type of insurance, number of dental procedures completed, type of treatment received, and number of visits per patient. A satisfaction survey was given to the parent of each patient presenting to the MPDC clinic between November 16th, 2009 and January 17th, 2010. Two broad research questions were addressed in this study: 1) Are parents satisfied with MPDC and the treatment provided to their children? 2) Are there are differences in the population served and treatment provided at the Muscatine clinic and the University of Iowa pediatric dentistry clinic at the College of Dentistry? The results of this study provide information that contributes to a fuller understanding about the population served by MPDC, the treatment received, and parental satisfaction with the clinic. It also compares characteristics of the Muscatine clinic to the University of Iowa's pediatric dentistry clinic at the College of Dentistry. The results of this study may help guide MPDC staff and the University of Iowa's Department of Pediatric Dentistry in future decision-making regarding clinic activities and dental school curriculum.

O presente estudo foi realizado baseando-se na multidisciplinaridade do Design aplicado a Odontologia. Buscou-se desenvolver um protótipo de caráter inovador, por meio da reformulação morfológica do instrumental prendedor de rolo de algodão, amplamente utilizado e requisitado no atendimento clínico em Odontopediatria. No estudo deste instrumento a base metodológica utilizada foi o Metaprojeto, visando melhor compreensão e embasamento sobre produtos similares existentes, além de pesquisar e desenvolver novos conceitos. Inicialmente foi feita a observação da utilização de prendedores de rolo disponíveis nas clínicas de Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, durante o atendimento de pacientes com idade entre 5 a 12 anos, para conhecer os produtos similares e identificar os pontos positivos a serem incorporados e os pontos negativos a serem evitados no projeto do novo produto. Os profissionais que realizavam os atendimentos foram consultados e colaboraram com a seleção dos primeiros conceitos, além do estudo e análise das especificações de fabricantes disponíveis na internet. Para a elaboração do protótipo considerou-se os seguintes critérios: cirurgião dentista com as mãos livres durante o atendimento; morfologia adequada de modo a não atuar como obstáculo no acesso à estrutura dentária; superfície de apoio de contato apropriada para melhor apoio na língua; superfície ou sistema de preensão eficaz em relação aos pontos de apoio da anatomia do paciente, de maneira a não causar desconforto durante o uso; possibilidade de ajuste da pressão necessária para uma satisfatória fixação do rolo, causando o mínimo desconforto; facilidade e simplicidade de manuseio e posicionamento; condições de fabricação e produção em larga escala e de baixo custo. Como resultado este projeto apresenta uma nova e inovadora opção de um produto bastante utilizado na rotina de profissionais da odontologia, propõe um prendedor de rolo de algodão cuja morfologia é composta de dois componentes principais e os mecanismos idealizados para que não ocorra o acúmulo de resíduos e facilite a limpeza e autoclave. O funcionamento se dá de maneira simples bidirecional, com ajuste que permitem a fixação sem necessidade de acionamento do botão, sendo utilizado apenas para a remoção. Possui abertura linear, sistema de regulagem de fácil utilização com nível de ajuste de precisão milimétrica e morfologia desenhada de maneira a minimizar desconforto no paciente e permitir ao profissional manter as mãos livres durante o atendimento. O presente estudo destacou a importância da multidisciplinaridade na concepção de projetos funcionais e inovadores. Espera-se que os dados obtidos auxiliem na concepção de futuros estudos e projetos de produto. / The present study was performed based on the multidisciplinarity of Design applied to Dentistry. We sought to develop a prototype of an innovative character, through the morphological reformulation of the cotton roll fastener instrument, widely used and required in clinical care in Pediatric Dentistry. In the study of this instrument the methodological base used was the Metaproject, aiming at a better understanding and foundation on existing similar products, besides researching and developing new concepts. Initially, it was observed the use of roller fasteners available in the Pediatric Dentistry clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry of Bauru, during the care of patients aged 5 to 12 years, to know the similar products and to identify the positive points to be incorporated and the negative points to avoid in the design of the new product. The professionals who attended the services were also consulted and collaborated with the selection of the first concepts, besides the study and analysis of the specifications of manufacturers available in the internet. For the elaboration of the prototype the following criteria were considered: dental surgeon with hands free during the care; adequate morphology so as not to be an obstacle in access to dental structure; appropriate contact support surface for better support in the tongue; surface or gripping system in relation to the points of support of the patient\'s anatomy so as not to cause discomfort during use; possibility of adjusting the pressure required for a satisfactory setting of the roller, causing minimal discomfort; ease and simplicity of handling and positioning; large-scale, low-cost manufacturing and production conditions. As a result this project presents a new and innovative option of a product widely used in the routine of dentistry professionals, proposes a cotton roll fastener whose morphology is composed of two main components and the mechanisms designed so that there is no accumulation of waste and facilitate cleaning and autoclaving. The operation takes place in a simple bidirectional way, with adjustment that allows the fixation without need of button activation, being used only for the removal. It has a linear aperture, an easy-to-use adjustment system with millimetric precision adjustment level and morphology designed to minimize patient discomfort and allow the professional to keep their hands free during care. The present study highlighted the importance of multidisciplinarity in functional and innovative designing projects. It is hoped that the data obtained will aid in the design of future studies and product designs.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1939.

Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1938.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references.