The relationship between the preauricular sulcus and pitting on the dorsal aspect of the pubic corpus in association with pregnancy and parturition has aroused considerable interest since the early 1970's. The major limitation of much of the discussion is that it has been based on data derived from skeletal samples with either unknown or uncertain obstetric histories. The excavation of the crypts beneath Christ Church, Spitalfields between 1984 and 1986 produced 968 skeletons, 387 of which were recovered in association with securely associated, legible coffin plates. Of the 138 adult females in this sample the parity status of 94 has been reconstructed from historical documentation. Such obstetric factors as parity status, number of births, age at first and last births and birth spacing have been examined in relation to the presence or absence of the preauricular sulcus, its type and size, pubic pitting, sacral scarring and the extension of the pubic tubercle. The results suggest that the preauricular sulcus and sacral scarring are independent of obstetric events and that although the small numbers of females with more than one pubic pit or an extended pubic tubercle had born children, the absence of these features is associated with both parous and nulliparous females. Unlike previous studies, both localised cortical resorption and tubercle extension were evaluated as a component part of the obstetric pelvis. The more capacious pelvis proved to be associated with wider and longer preauricular sulci and with the presence of pubic pitting. In order to facilitate comparative studies the Christ Church females are described as part of the sample from which they are derived. Their environmental and cultural backgrounds are discussed.

The shape of the lumbar and thoracic spinal curves in healthy subjects, when standing and when adopting a variety of working positions, was investigated using angular measures. The hypothesis that spinal and pelvic posture is determined by body position was supported. The mechanism by which body position influences spinal and pelvic posture was investigated using angular indices of the lengths of the hip flexors and extensors. The hypothesis that hamstring stretch determines postural adaptation to sitting positions was not supported. A multivariate analysis revealed that an index of iliopsoas length was the best predictor of posterior pelvic tilt in a variety of sitting positions. A supplementary investigation was carried out using data on the range of motion of the pelvis in the different body positions and its relationship to the muscle length indices. The role of the hamstring muscles in sitting posture was clarified. Some electromyographic data is presented to further illustrate the effect of body position on the role of the hip and trunk muscles in posture. A replication of the main findings and an investigation of some of the practical implications of the work were carried out drawing attention to some mechanisms of postural stress, potential problems of increased lumbar lordosis and their cost-effective alleviation through workspace design. The provision of a footrest, for example, was found to have significant effects on lumbar and pelvic angles in standing as well as in sitting. Further research into standing posture in the workplace is indicated by these findings. Some hypotheses for future investigation are presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:50:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pafaro_v_me_jabo.pdf: 1318574 bytes, checksum: 4f5b03311616de898dd60523637887a1 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As medidas dos diametros da pelve, obtidas diretamente sobre o filme radiografico, sao conhecidas como pelvimetria radiografica. Essa tecnica, que possibilita determinar o padrao pelvimetrico para cada raca, serve como subsidio para metodos profilaticos contra complicacoes que possam ocorrer durante o parto, alem de permitir a classificacao anatomica e obstetrica da pelve. Por meio da pelvimetria foram analisadas radiografias da pelve, na projecao ventrodorsal, de 250 femeas caninas adultas de diferentes racas, a fim de estabelecer as dimensoes pelvicas. Medias e desvios-padrao foram, respectivamente... / The measurements of the diameters of the pelvis, the study radiographic is acquaintance as a pelvimetry radiographic. That know-how makes the assignation by possible standard pelvimetric for each breed , serving as a dole about to prevention against complications than is to may be become of during the break, besides from provide categorization anatomic and obstetric from the pelvis. By pelvimetry have been evaluated radiography the pelvis at the ventrodorsal radiographs of 250 female canine adult of different breeds, for the purpose of establish the dimensions pelvics. The averages and deflections norm have been respectively: Breed Brasilian Mastif... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T14:02:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 585635 bytes, checksum: 505a39e4e39b0de0546abdf24356aa9e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-29 / The objective of this work was to evaluate the measurement development and the sexual maturity stage in Zebu Gir heifers in interval of 46 to 57 days, along 8 months. There were carried out 31 Zebu heifers (Bos indicus) with age between 11 to 29 months, in extensive livestock, management in grass Brachiaria decumbens paddocks and had free access to shade, water and mineral ad libitum. The follicular development was characteristic by presence or not of follicle by ultrasound. The measurement was done by characteristics as, girth height, bodily length, pillion length; distance between isquiun-isquiun; distance between iliun-iliun; rib depth, thoracic perimeter and bodily weight. The data were subjects to regression analysis by SAEG (2007). Only 4 female (4 / 31, 7,7%) showed by ultrasound the presence of luteum body, which means female puberty, but, there were linear growth to bodily development and for weight gain with mean 0,177kg. The heifers showed late when compeer to puberty and sexual maturity, where only 4 animals showed puberty until 29 months of age. The bodily weight of Zebu Gir seems more important than female ages to puberty arise and probably the bodily weight at last to be raised is ± 270 kg. / Objetivou-se verificar o desenvolvimento biométrico, e o estádio de maturidade sexual em novilhas da raça Gir em intervalos de 46 a 57 dias, durante 8 meses. Foram utilizadas 31 novilhas zebuínas (Bos taurus indicus) da raça Gir leiteiro, com idades variando entre 11 e 21 meses, criadas em regime extensivo, manejadas em piquetes com pastagem predominantemente de Brachiaria decumbens, água, sombra e sal mineral ad libitum. O desenvolvimento folicular foi caracterizado pela presença ou não de folículos por ultrassonografia. A biometria foi feita mensurando as características de altura de cernelha; comprimento corporal; comprimento de garupa; distância entre ísqueos; distância entre íleos; profundidade de costela, perímetro torácico, peso corporal. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a analise descritiva e analise de regressão utilizando-se o SAEG (2007). Somente 4 fêmeas (4/31, 7,7%) apresentaram corpo lúteo pela avaliação ultrassonografica, indicando à puberdade dessas fêmeas, porém houve crescimento linear para desenvolvimento corporal e para ganho de peso diário com média de 0,177kg. As novilhas mostraram-se tardias com relação a puberdade e maturidade sexual, onde apenas 4 animais apresentaram a puberdade até os 29 meses de idade. O peso corporal na raça Gir leiteira parece ser mais importante que a idade da fêmea para o surgimento da puberdade e provavelmente o peso corporal mínimo a ser alcançado é de ± 270kg.

Orientador: Júlio Carlos Canola / Banca: Fabrício Singaretti de Oliveira / Banca: Gilson Helio Toniollo / Resumo: As medidas dos diametros da pelve, obtidas diretamente sobre o filme radiografico, sao conhecidas como pelvimetria radiografica. Essa tecnica, que possibilita determinar o padrao pelvimetrico para cada raca, serve como subsidio para metodos profilaticos contra complicacoes que possam ocorrer durante o parto, alem de permitir a classificacao anatomica e obstetrica da pelve. Por meio da pelvimetria foram analisadas radiografias da pelve, na projecao ventrodorsal, de 250 femeas caninas adultas de diferentes racas, a fim de estabelecer as dimensoes pelvicas. Medias e desvios-padrao foram, respectivamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The measurements of the diameters of the pelvis, the study radiographic is acquaintance as a pelvimetry radiographic. That know-how makes the assignation by possible standard pelvimetric for each breed , serving as a dole about to prevention against complications than is to may be become of during the break, besides from provide categorization anatomic and obstetric from the pelvis. By pelvimetry have been evaluated radiography the pelvis at the ventrodorsal radiographs of 250 female canine adult of different breeds, for the purpose of establish the dimensions pelvics. The averages and deflections norm have been respectively: Breed Brasilian Mastif... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Mestre

Thesis (M. Tech. Agriculture) -- Central University of Technology, Free state, 2012 / Low lifetime rearing success and high perinatal mortality have been associated with small pelvic areas of ewes. Ewes with small pelvic areas are more prone to experience dystocia during parturition and high perinatal mortality. It would thus make sense to include pelvic area as criterion in selecting breeding animals (rams) in an attempt to assure bigger pelvic areas in the female progeny as the heritability of pelvic area ranges between 50-60%. The aims of this study were to develop two instruments to accurately measure the pelvic area and rump slope in small stock, to investigate the hindquarter dimensions and to quantify the relationship between a number of easy to measure external body measurements and pelvic dimensions of Dorper sheep. The pelvic meter developed was pre-tested on 90 sheep prior to slaughtering at an abattoir and shortly after slaughter. The correlation between the pre- and post- slaughter measurements was highly significant (P <0.05; r = 0.85). In this study 272 Dorper and White Dorper rams (5-7 months of age) participating in the Northern Cape Veldram project and 332 young Dorper and White Dorper ewes (±12 months of age) from three different breeders were measured. The inside pelvic area was measured trans-rectally. The rams’ pelvic areas were measured five times transrectally, at 40 days intervals between the ages of 223 ± 41 and 385 ± 41 days of age. The height of the pelvis was obtained by measuring the distance between the dorsal pubic tubercle on the floor of the pelvis and the sacrum (spinal column) on the top. The width of the pelvis was measured as the widest distance, between the right and the left shafts of the ilium bones. The pelvic area was calculated using the π (PH/2)*(PW/2) formula. Other linear body measurements (body height, shoulder height, chest depth, forequarter width, hindquarter width, rump length) as well as body weight were taken. The rams’ rump slope was measured in degrees with an instrument that was developed for this purpose, and the ewes’ rump slope was visually scored on a scale from 1-5 with one being very flat and five being very droopy. The overall mean pelvic area of ewes 35.44 ± 4.89 cm2 and those of the rams 28.22 ± 3.21 cm2 differed with 7.22 cm2. Stud ewes recorded significantly larger (P <0.05) pelvic areas (37.38 ± 4.3 cm2) than commercial ewes (33.92 ± 3.77cm2). Results indicated that there are no significant correlations between pelvic dimensions and other body measurements considered in this study, indicating the need to measure pelvic area directly. Both the pelvic meter and rump slope meter, specially developed for this study, proved to be accurate and relatively practical to use in Dorper sheep.