Orientador: Nelson Massini / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T18:01:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rabbi_Romildo_M.pdf: 7283337 bytes, checksum: 6d1486fc63b298c98ebca19d1adfd022 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000 / Resumo: As perícias de antropologia forense são de fundamental importância para a identificação de vítimas de desastres de massa, tais como acidentes automobilísticos, acidentes aéreos, incêndios, desabamentos e outros tipos de catástrofes, nos quais as vítimas encontram-se mutiladas, sem condições de serem reconhecidas pelos familiares. São também imprescindíveis nas perícias de cadáveres já em adiantado estado de decomposição, ossadas ou mesmo nos casos de ossos isolados, quando as autoridades necessitam esclarecer qual a identidade da vítima, e a provável causa da morte. Em se tratando de ossadas, as perícias buscam identificar a espécie, o sexo, a idade, a estatura e o tipo racial. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo a determinação do sexo de esqueletos humanos, através de um estudo quantitativo, em que foram realizadas medições de algumas grandezas lineares dos ossos da pelve, em uma amostra nacional. Foram medidos ossos pélvicos de 90 esqueletos, com idade entre 19 e 107 anos, sendo 45 do sexo masculino e 45 do sexo feminino, todos com dados de identificação conhecidos. As variáveis selecionadas para as medições foram: largura superior do sacro; comprimento e largura da primeira vértebra sacral; diâmetro vertical do acetábulo; comprimento e largura do forame obturado; comprimento e profundidade da incisura isquiática maior e, distância da espinha ilíaca anterior ao tubérculo púbico. As taxas de acerto na determinação do sexo variaram de acordo com a metodologia estatística e com as variáveis utilizadas. Pela análise discriminante, os melhores resultados foram obtidos com o modelo que utilizou os dados das medições de todas as variáveis, com percentuais de acerto de 87,8 % para o sexo masculino e 82,8 % para o sexo feminino. Utilizando-se a regressão logística, as taxas de acerto para a determinação do sexo na população em geral, foram de 76,5 % para o sexo masculino e 83,3 % para o feminino. Através dos intervalos de confiança, os resultados revelaram que as variáveis: primeira vértebra sacral (largura), diâmetro vertical do acetábulo, dimensão do forame obturador (comprimento) e incisura isquiática maior (profundidade) são boas discriminadoras e, que as demais não são recomendadas para estudos dessa natureza. Assim, concluiu-se que as estruturas anatômicas estudadas apresentam diferentes graus de dimorfismo sexual e, que os resultados obtidos por essa análise quantitativa, possibilitam a sua utilização como uma técnica para a determinação do sexo de esqueletos humanos, tanto nos casos em que os peritos disponham de pelves completas, como naqueles em que recebam para análise, apenas parte dos ossos pélvicos / Abstract: Forensic anthropology has an important and fundamental role in the identification of victims from mass disasters, such as automobile accidents, plane crashes, fire disasters, tumbling and other types of catastrophes, when the victims get so mutilated, that even the relatives are not able to recognized them. It is also essential in the analysis of cadavers in Iate decomposed state, bones or even in cases of isolated bones, when the authorities need to clear the victim's identity, and the probable cause of the death. Concerning bones, the analysis is conducted to identify the species, sex, age, height and racial type. The present work aims to determine the sex of human skeletons, through a quantitative research, in which measurements of some lineal greatness of pelvic bones were taken, in a sample Brazilian. Pelvic bones from 90 skeletons were measured, raging from 19 to 107 years old, 45 species were male and 45 were female, all of them had the identification data well known. The variable selected measurements were: sacre superior width; first sacral vertebra length and width; length and width; length and depth and, the distance from the anterior iliac spine to the pubic tuberculum. The success rates in the determination of the sex varied according to the statistical method and the variable measurements used. According to the discriminate analysis, the best results were obtained when the data from all the variable measurements were used, representing success in 87,8% for male and 82,8% for female. Using logistic regression, the success rates to determine the sex in general population were from 76,5% to male and 83,3% for female. Using the reliable intervals, the results showed that the variables: first sacral vertebra (width), acetabulum vertical diameter, obtured foramen diameter (Iength) and great ischiatic notch (depth) are good items to use and that the others are not recommended for studies of that nature. Therefore, it was concluded that the studied anatomical structures presented different degrees of sexual dimorphism and, that the results obtained by that quantitative analysis, made possible its use as a technique to determine the sex of human skeletons, either in the cases that the experts have complete pelvis, as well in those that there is just part of the pelvic bone for analysis / Mestrado / Mestre em Odontologia e Deontologia

Feci quod potui: Fa ciant meliora potentes ( I did what I could, allow others to do better) Inscriptions on graduation dissertations in old Russia.This work began with a search for the pubo-recto-analis muscle at the instigation of Professor J.H. Louw. Requests followed from surgeons and urologists for information about, and demonstration of, structure related to the pelvic floor in infants and adults, these encouraged me to go more and more deeply into the anatomy of this region in Man. I found that welding of viscera to their fascial,muscular and bony environs is not described in current textbooks. The absence of clear-cut boundaries between some of the muscles, in areas where they are contiguous,is likewise never emphasised. The beautiful drawings in atlases and textbooks have a comforting way of reassuring us that all has been revealed about the pelvic floor and its viscera. However, when the time-consuming expedient of removing the superior fascia of the levator had already yielded dividends,in that failure to do this, had led generations of anatomists to misrepresent the commonest form of the origin of the pubo-coccygeus, it seemed worthwhile to pursue the fascia,muscles and terminal viscera and their nerves, in order to fully understand their complex interwoven relationships. The unusual electrical activity of the musculature was especially intriguing and demanded an explanation. My findings,many of which fully corroborate the findings of others, led me to a consideration of the factors which combine to produce the remarkably efficient functioning of intestinal and genito-urinary outlet mechanisms. It then appeared essential to adopt a correlative approach. Accordingly I have aimed to present a selective account of the soft tissues of the pelvis and perineum which is comprehensive and I hope useful. From it certain aspects,which appear of primary importance,should emerge clearly.

Analisou-se pelves de 72 primatas neotropicais, adultos, 42 machos e 30 fêmeas não prenhes, da espécie Aotus azarai infulatus, para obtenção dos diâmetros pélvicos, in vivo, e compará-los com o dimorfismo sexual, correlacionando-os com a biometria corpórea e a origem dos animais. Mensurou-se nas radiografias em projeção ventro-dorsal, digitalizadas, os diâmetros biilíaco superior, biilíaco inferior, biilíaco médio, diagonal direito, diagonal esquerdo, sacro púbico e área da entrada da pelve. As médias verificadas foram: para o comprimento do corpo 30,94 cm; comprimento da cauda 35,63 cm; perímetro do tórax 18,97 cm; perímetro da pelve 17,11 cm e o peso 0,96 g. As médias verificadas para o DDD da pelve foram 2,61 cm; DDE 2,66 cm; DBIM 1,97 cm; DBIS 1,41 cm; DBII 1,58 cm; DSP 2,48 cm e a AEP 3,85 cm. Concluiu-se com o estudo que tendo sido verificados os diâmetros biilíaco médio menores do que os diâmetros sacro-púbico tanto nos machos quanto nas fêmeas, pode-se dizer a pelve de Aotus azarai infulatus é classificada como dolicopélvica e existe dimorfismo sexual em relação às pelves Aotus azarai infulatus adultos. / Related data to the diameters of the pelvis from 72 Neotropical primates, owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus), 42 adult males and 30 adult non-pregnant females, were obtained in vivo by ventrodorsal projection radiographic exams, compared between sex and correlated with the measures of the body and their origin. The mean values of the body length (30.94 cm), tail length (35.63 cm), thoracic perimeter (18.97 cm), hip perimeter (17.11) and the weight (0.96 g) were verified. The radiographic images were digitalized and the superior biiliac (DBIS), inferior biiliac (DBII), medium biiliac (DBIM), right diagonal (DDD), left diagonal (DDE), sacrum-pubic diameters (DSP) and the inlet pelvic area (AEP) were measured. The mean values were DBIS 1.41 cm; DBII 1.58 cm; DBIM 1.97 cm; DDD 2.61 cm; DDE 2.66 cm; DSP 2.48 cm; AEP 3.85 cm. In conclusion, once medium biiliac diameters were minor than sacrum-pubic diameters in males and females, the pelvis from Aotus azarai infulatus can be classified as dolicopelvic and we also conclude there is pelvic sexual dimorphism in adult owl monkeys (Aotus azarai infulatus).

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in muscle activity of the lumbar and pelvic extensor muscles during the hyperextension and reverse hyperextension exercises. Fifteen healthy and weight-trained volunteers (8 women, 7 men) were recruited from a university setting. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of selected hip and trunk extensor muscles was recorded during the execution of a hyperextension and a reverse hyperextension. Three muscles were analyzed: lumbar erector spinae (ES), biceps femoris (BF) and gluteus maximus (GM). The amount of external load used by each individual was determined by equating the amount of torque produced at the hip joint for both exercises. Participants performed two trials of each exercise, and completed at least three repetitions within the eight-second data collection period. Peak integrated EMG (iEMG) activity was expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (%MVC). A two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) failed to demonstrate significant differences in %MVC activity between the two exercises, (p>0.05). A comparison of the hyperextension and reverse hyperextension exercises revealed that under similar loading conditions, there is no significant difference in muscle activity of the lumbar and hip extensor muscles. / School of Physical Education

Osteological studies have identified scarring on the bone surface of the human pelvic bone as evidence of childbirth, termed parturition scarring. It remains unknown whether a single or multiple births cause parturition scarring. Such scarring has also been found on male pelvic bones. This study examines parturition scarring within the broader morphometric and musculoskeletal context of the pelves of both sexes. This project investigates the influence of body size (stature and body mass) and pelvic size (individual pelvic measurements and pelvic canal size) and shape (pelvic canal shape) on the presence of parturition scarring on the pelvic bones of females and males. Two skeletal collections of known-age and sex were chosen for this project on the basis of access to parity (childbirth) records: the Maxwell Museum Documented Skeletal Collection and the Christ Church, Spitalfields collection. The dimensions of articulated and disarticulated pelves, femoral measurements and scores for six types of parturition scarring were recorded for all individuals (n=292). Skeletal proxies for body mass and stature were calculated for all individuals. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify significant differences in parturition scarring between sexes, correlation between body size variables, parity status, pelvic canal size and pelvic canal shape (as represented by principal components analysis) and parturition scarring. Parity status and pelvic canal shape do not associate with parturition scarring. Pubic tubercle variables associated variously with femoral head diameter and pelvic canal size in females or males only. Dorsal pitting correlates weakly with four pelvic dimensions in females. The results of this study suggest that the term parturition scarring should be revised to reflect its non-connection with parity status and that future investigations should examine musculoskeletal interactions based on body and pelvic size variation that affect the presence of such scarring in males. / Graduate / 0327 / 0287 / decrausa@uvic.ca

Osteological studies have identified scarring on the bone surface of the human pelvic bone as evidence of childbirth, termed parturition scarring. It remains unknown whether a single or multiple births cause parturition scarring. Such scarring has also been found on male pelvic bones. This study examines parturition scarring within the broader morphometric and musculoskeletal context of the pelves of both sexes. This project investigates the influence of body size (stature and body mass) and pelvic size (individual pelvic measurements and pelvic canal size) and shape (pelvic canal shape) on the presence of parturition scarring on the pelvic bones of females and males. Two skeletal collections of known-age and sex were chosen for this project on the basis of access to parity (childbirth) records: the Maxwell Museum Documented Skeletal Collection and the Christ Church, Spitalfields collection. The dimensions of articulated and disarticulated pelves, femoral measurements and scores for six types of parturition scarring were recorded for all individuals (n=292). Skeletal proxies for body mass and stature were calculated for all individuals. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify significant differences in parturition scarring between sexes, correlation between body size variables, parity status, pelvic canal size and pelvic canal shape (as represented by principal components analysis) and parturition scarring. Parity status and pelvic canal shape do not associate with parturition scarring. Pubic tubercle variables associated variously with femoral head diameter and pelvic canal size in females or males only. Dorsal pitting correlates weakly with four pelvic dimensions in females. The results of this study suggest that the term ‘parturition scarring’ should be revised to reflect its non-connection with parity status and that future investigations should examine musculoskeletal interactions based on body and pelvic size variation that affect the presence of such scarring in males. / Graduate / 0327 / 0287 / decrausa@uvic.ca

Thesis (MAppSc in Physiotherapy) -- University of South Australia, 1994

Thesis (MAppSc in Physiotherapy) -- University of South Australia, 1994