Yes / Pelvic radiography is used for the identification of hip joint changes, including pathologies such as osteoarthritis. Several studies have recommended that the position for this radiological procedure should be standing, not supine, to reflect the functional appearances of the hip joint. The aim of this review was to evaluate pelvis radiography positioning with respect to the image appearances and information provided for clinical decision-making. Aside from this, potential recommendations to the radiographic technique for an erect pelvis projection will be considered. Method: A literature search was performed using databases/ systems (ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, and MEDLINE). Only articles written in English were included. Results: Twenty-five articles were identified. Findings from the review describe the effect of repositioning from supine to erect on a series of specific hip measurements. These include pelvic tilt, joint space width, and the acetabular component. Conclusion: Evidence within the literature illustrates that in several studies, there were differences when repositioning from supine to standing for a number of pelvic metrics. Standing positioning is promoted by some authors since this may facilitate the early diagnosis of hip joint pathology and assist in the planning of surgical interventions. Literature is very limited on how to optimally perform erect pelvis radiography, and this should be an area for future research.

Ziel dieser Arbeit war die 3D-navigierte Transiliosakralverschraubung in einer experimentellen Studie an Plastik- und Spenderbecken sowie in einer prospektiven klinischen Studie mit einer retrospektiven Kontrollgruppe auf die Praktikabilität und proklamierten Vorteile zu überprüfen. Die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Testung unter Idealbedingungen konnten nicht vollständig in der klinischen Anwendung reproduziert werden. Die 3D-gestützte Navigation ermöglicht im Vergleich zur 2D-gestützten Navigation und der konventionellen Bildwandlertechnik nach Matta und Saucedo eine hohe Genauigkeit. Jedoch führt eine Schraubenfehllage häufiger zu einem neurologischen Defizit. Die Strahlenbelastung ähnelt den Verfahren der Kontrollgruppe; darüber hinaus konnten die OP-Zeiten bei der Patientenversorgung unterschritten werden. Die 3D-Navigation bietet besonders aufgrund ihrer hohen Präzision deutliche Vorteile bei der Transiliosakralverschraubung, ist jedoch auch fehleranfällig und kann damit keine allumfas-sende Sicherheit bieten.

A literatura sustenta que os Xenarthras com sua longa e isolada existência podem ser a luz para entender a evolução dos mamíferos placentários. O tatu Euphractus sexcinctus é endêmico da América do Sul e têm sido pouco estudado. A morfologia e a relação entre tecidos moles e duros do aparelho genital, pelve e períneo de nove animais adultos foi descrita utilizando-se as técnicas de mesoscopia, microscopia (eletrônica e luz) e tomografia computadorizada. O desenho anatômico da pelve e períneo do Euphractus sexcinctus apresentou características basais, conferindo um excelente modelo de estudo para desvendar o desenvolvimento dos tetrápodes. A região perineal conteve os trígonos (anal e urogenital) e a região pubiana exibiu a genitália externa com o clitóris pronunciado pela ausência dos lábios vulvares, sendo diferente dos mamíferos recentes, apresentando característica semelhante ao cliteropênis de crocodilos, isto possibilita questionamentos interessantes acerca da importância da manutenção desta genitália tão protusida. Os ossos da pelve no animal adulto apresentaram-se fundidos, constituindo o sinsacro. Com relação ao aparelho genital interno, o extenso comprimento da cérvix em relação ao corpo do útero chamou a atenção, provavelmente, porque o grande volume dos músculos coccígeos na pelve menor empurraram o útero para a pelve maior. Os ovários, a tuba uterina e a vagina assemelharam-se aos órgãos de mamíferos recentes, portanto não surgiram novidades evolutivas. A placenta nos animais estudados (Chaetophractus villosus, Chaetophractus vellerosus e Euphractus sexcinctus) foi classificada como hemocorial e altamente invasiva, diferindo entre as espécies na disposição do córion viloso em contato com o útero. / The literature maintains that Xenarthra and isolated with its long existence may be the light to understand the evolution of placental mammals. The armadillo Euphractus sexcinctus is endemic in South America and has been poorly search. The morphology and the relationship between hard and soft tissues of the female genital, pelvis and perineum of nine adult animals has been described using techniques: mesoscopy, microscopy (electron and light) and computed tomography. The anatomical design of the pelvis and perineum of the Euphractus sexcinctus presented baseline characteristics, being an excellent study model to understand the development of tetrapods. The perineal region contained the trines (anal and urogenital) and pubic area exhibited the external genital with clitoral pronounced by the absence of labia, with different mammalian recent cliteropenis presenting feature similar to that of crocodiles, this enables interesting questions about the importance of maintenance of such protruding genitalia. The bones of the pelvis in the adult animal had cast up, constituting the sinsacrum. Regarding the internal genital tract, the extensive length of the cervix in relation to the uterus called the attention, probably because the bulk of the pelvis minor has been filled by coccygeal muscles. Than this muscles pushed the uterus to the pelvis higher. The ovaries, oviducts and vagina resembled recent mammalian organs, so there appeared no evolutionary novelties. The placenta in animal studies (Chaetophractus villosus, Chaetophractus vellerosus and Euphractus sexcinctus) were classified as highly invasive and hemochorial, differing between species in the layout of the chorionic villi in contact with the uterus.

Submitted by Fabíola Silva (fabiola.silva@famerp.br) on 2017-05-26T12:24:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 faustodasilvagonçalves_dissert.pdf: 1310792 bytes, checksum: 52a5579dab6c9a6b5bf94f7d828a2eef (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-26T12:24:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 faustodasilvagonçalves_dissert.pdf: 1310792 bytes, checksum: 52a5579dab6c9a6b5bf94f7d828a2eef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-14 / Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, is a diagnostic imaging procedure necessary for the accurate treatment of at least 25% of patients worldwide. While the imaging technology has evolved so dizzying, over 90% of all images required can be performed with simple machines to ultrasound and X- rays. There are data indicating Transvaginal Ultrasonography as one of the most effective methods for detecting ovarian tumors, to be safe, fast, easy to perform and well accepted by patients. It is the most frequently used test for this purpose due to its excellent cost / benefit ratio, being an innocuous and widely used method in the diagnosis of adnexal masses. Numerous studies have been conducted to differentiate adnexal masses and thereby reduce the number of patients subjected to inappropriate treatment. Objectives: Evaluation of sonographic parameters related with the morphological characteristics of pelvic adnexal masses by obtaining two-dimensional images taken by observer presence and sent electronically (via Tele-Ultrasound) in static mode and dynamic observers do not face (distance) for comparative analyzes inter-and intra-observer and validation of a second opinion. Methods: From March to August 2010 50 patients were selected for presenting viewing adnexal mass on ultrasound. The pelvic sonographic examinations were performed by cesarean section and by vaginal Imaging Unit in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hospital de Base in São José do Rio Preto. The adnexal masses were evaluated according to their morphological characteristics. Results: There was good inter-rater agreement independent of the modality (dynamic and static) used. Conclusions: The sonographic parameters of the morphological characteristics of pelvic adnexal masses directed by Tele-Ultrasound is capable of being validated for issuing a second opinion. There were no significant differences in the methodology employed in the issue of tele-ultrasound images (static or dynamic) to characterize the composition of pelvic adnexal masses. / Introdução: De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, o diagnóstico por imagem é um procedimento necessário para o tratamento acurado de pelo menos 25% dos pacientes em todo o mundo. Embora a tecnologia de imagem tenha evoluído de forma vertiginosa, mais de 90% de todas as imagens necessárias podem ser realizadas com máquinas simples de Ultrassonografia e Raios-X. Há dados indicando a Ultrassonografia Transvaginal como um dos métodos mais efetivos para detecção de tumores ovarianos, por ser seguro, rápido, fácil de realizar e bem aceito pelas pacientes. É o exame mais utilizado para esse propósito devido a sua excelente relação custo/benefício, ser um método inócuo e amplamente utilizado no diagnóstico de massas anexiais. Inúmeros estudos têm sido realizados para diferenciar as massas anexiais e assim reduzir o número de pacientes submetidas a tratamentos inadequados. Objetivos: Avaliação dos parâmetros ultrassonográficos relacionados com as características morfológicas de massas anexiais pélvicas através da obtenção de imagens bidimensionais realizadas por observador presencial e encaminhadas eletronicamente (via Tele-Ecografia) no modo estático e dinâmico a observadores não presenciais (à distância) para análises comparativas inter e intra- observadores e validação de uma segunda opinião. Casuística e métodos: No período de março a agosto de 2010 foram selecionadas 50 pacientes por apresentarem visualização de massa anexial ao exame ecográfico. Os exames ultrassonográficos pélvicos foram realizados por via abdominal e por via endovaginal na Unidade de Imagenologia do Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia do Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto. As massas anexiais foram avaliadas de acordo com suas características morfológicas. Resultados: Houve uma boa concordância inter-examinadores independente da modalidade (dinâmica e estática) utilizada. Conclusões: Os parâmetros ultrassonográficos das características morfológicas de massas anexiais pélvicas encaminhadas por Tele-Ecografia são passíveis de serem validadas para a emissão de uma segunda opinião. Não houve diferenças significativas quanto à metodologia empregada na emissão das imagens tele-ecograficas (estática ou dinâmica) na caracterização da composição das massas anexiais pélvicas.

<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

Eighty-one patients in Planned Parenthood at East Central Indiana participated in the study. All patients were given a short quiz concerning female anatomy at their intake evaluation. All patients participated in the routine patient education session and intake history. The experimental group (N=41) was given a mirror through which to watch the pelvic examination. The control group (N=40) was given the same sort of examination without the mirror. The quiz was then repeated.Pre-test results were identical in the two groups. Both groups improved significantly on the post-test compared to the pre-test, showing the patient education session to be an effective tool. The experimental group improved more than the control group, however, and the difference was significant at the P=0.06 level.It is concluded that pelvic examinations which routinely include a hand-held mirror through which the patient may visualize her own genitalia are of significant benefit as a patient educational tool.Ball State UniversityMuncie, IN 47306

Total Hip Replacement (THR) has become a common surgical procedure in recent years, due to the increase in the aging population with hip osteoarthritis. Identifying the proper orientation of the pelvis is a critical step in accurate placement of the femur prosthesis in the acetabulum in THR. The general approach to localize the orientation of the pelvic anatomical coordinate system (PaCS) is to use intra-operative X-ray fluoroscopy in a specialized interventional radiology facility to guide the procedure. Employing intra-operative ultrasound (US) imaging fused with pre-operative CT scan or fluoroscopy imaging was proposed to eliminate the ionizing radiation of intra-operative X-ray to the patient and the need for radiology facilities in the OR. However, the use of pre-operative imaging exposes patients to accumulative ionizing radiation which is desirable to be eliminated. In this thesis, I propose to replace pre-operative imaging with a statistical shape model (SSM) of the pelvis which is constructed from CT images of patients. An automatic deformable registration of a pelvis anatomical shape model to a sparse set of 2D ultrasound images of the pelvis is presented in order to localize the PaCS. In this registration technique, a set of 2D slices are extracted from the pelvic shape model, based on the approximate location and orientation of a corresponding 2D ultrasound image. The comparison of the shape model slices and ultrasound images is made possible by using an ultrasound simulation technique and a correlation-based similarity metric. During the registration, an instance of the shape model is generated that best matches the ultrasound data. I demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed approach in localizing the PaCS on four patient phantoms and on data from two male human cadavers. None of the test data sets were included in the SSM generation. / Thesis (Master, Electrical & Computer Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2010-08-23 17:57:24.708

Spinal adaptive response in the frontal plane was investigated in relationship to pelvic unleveling during gait. Kinematic data were collected from 10 healthy adult subjects (5 male, 5 female) for walking and running on the treadmill at self-selected speeds. Spine and pelvic kinematic patterns and ranges of motion (ROM) were investigated with gender, speed and slope as factors. Speed and slope had the greatest impact on changes in the amplitude of the spine's kinematic patterns. Interaction effects were seen for speed and slope for the ROM, particularly of the greater trochanter (p < .047), PSIS (p < .011) and for the shoulders (p < 0.077). Gender presented more changes in the pelvic kinematics than the spine's kinematics. A significant trend in the females of greater ROM for T8 with increases in speed and slope was shown (p < 0.001). From this study it was concluded that speed, slope and gender were significant factors that affect the spine's ability to adapt to pelvic unleveling. In all conditions there was a coupled relationship found between the thoracic spine, lumbar spine and pelvis. In particular there was an oppositional movement found within the spine such that as the lumbar spine had convexity towards the swing leg then the thoracic spine had the opposite convexity. Hence, these factors are important when assessing posture and biomechanics of running and walking.

The human being may no longer be reduced to the bounds of organic matter. An organism – a life form constructed from interdependent components that maintain various vital processes – may now reach beyond the limits of biological materials. Beyond the skin, thumbs, eyes, and organs of the average human being, we may notice the mutually dependent system of parts, functioning simultaneously as autonomous and interconnected components. These organic systems are now capable of fusing with foreign systems that help maintain the vitality of the macroscopic system – the human. Between human and machine, recent advancements in technology and prosthetic designs have enabled humans to graft with mechanized and computerized systems, challenging the preconception of what it is to be human. The advanced prosthesis has become an integrated extension of the human body. This realization begs the question: how intimate can architecture become? Pros+Tithenai analyzes the body’s imposition on space - transforming, manipulating, conforming to the void – and the equivalent imposition of space on the body. Pros+Tithenai examines how the human body unfolds in the creases between architecture, biology, engineering, cybernetics, psychology, and emerges reassembled.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Toledo, 2008. / "In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences." Title from title page of PDF document. Bibliography: p. 96-109.