The problem of this study was that too few new principals have the requisite skills to effectively manage their time, the school's instructional program, and the myriad interpersonal communications that they have on a daily basis. To be able to handle the aforementioned tasks and all of their other duties, they often need support from a veteran, often referred to as a coach. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine how performance coaching of elementary school principals helped to ensure that leaders behave in such a way that best organizational practices are continuously implemented so that school leaders are consistently successful at supporting all students to high levels of achievement. A phenomenological approach to this qualitative study on new elementary school principals of the same urban school district was utilized. Each of the new principals was a recipient of ongoing performance coaching. Semi-structured interviews of each of the learner principals individually were conducted as well as of their respective. Also interviews conducted with the associate superintendent supervising the study participants and with each the performance coaches involved with the learner principals. Additionally, focus group interviews of the learner principals and of the coaches, as well as interviews of new principals of an additional urban school district were conducted. Finally, questionnaires relating to new principals' experiences with coaching or similar support were sent to 150 principals throughout the state. The findings indicated that the new principals sought from their coaches technical support, strategies for time and process management, and concrete instruction and guidance on interpersonal communication. New principals worked with their coaches to gain access to and to cultivate their own networks of support in terms of relationships with practicing professionals. The new principals could rely upon the coaches for guidance in life management and balance of personal and professional obligations. Performance coaches supported new principals via frequent meetings, e-mails, and phone conversations, as well as on an as-needed basis. Coaches supported new principals with explicit instruction and also modeled professional behavior. Finally, coaches had supportive conversations in settings where new principals knew the conversations would be confidential.

The effective practise of managers as coaches can have a positive impact on the performance and development of employees, and provide an organisation with a significant competitive edge. The implementation of manager-coaches in South African organisations is slowly gaining traction, and this study examines this approach in a large financial institution. The primary objective of this research was to identify the roles and skills needed by line managers to become successful performance coaches, as well as the key benefits to the organisation as a whole. Descriptive, qualitative methodology was selected to conduct this study. The population sample was drawn from a large financial services organisation, with approximately 45 000 employees across Africa. The research participants are all line managers working in different business areas, with varying years of experience. A research questionnaire was used to conduct face-to-face, semi structured interviews with respondents. Data collected was then transcribed and analysed by means of content and thematic analysis. The interviews confirmed that the line managers understood performance coaching as a process to address and close the performance gaps of their employees. Some managers equated performance coaching to performance management or mentoring. The manager-coaches identified their primary roles as: to enable performance, motivate and inspire, and provide support. The key skills required were highlighted as communication; listening; interpersonal skills; emotional intelligence; empathy; questioning skills, and goal setting. It emerged that good performers are coached less frequently than poor performers. Some managers have a set frequency such as monthly or weekly, whilst others use it as required, in line with their normal leadership style. This finding is considered to be very important to answer the research question: if managers were conducting performance coaching informally and in an ad hoc fashion, did they believe in the benefits and did they see this as a priority in developing their staff?

This thesis investigates stress and coping in high performance squash coaching from the perspectives of both the coach and the player. An introduction to the thesis (chapter 1), a discussion of key concepts and theories from the general stress and coping literature (chapter 2), and a systematic review of the stress and coping in sport literature (chapter 3) are presented. The empirical work is reported in two phases. Phase one (chapters 4, 5 & 6) documents an in-depth study of 18 high performance squash coaches. Retrospective interviews were used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data. Inductive content analysis (Patton, 1980) revealed 223 raw data themes for stress, which collapsed into 12 general dimensions, and 415 raw data themes for coping, from which 13 general dimensions emerged. Descriptive statistics on stress source characteristics revealed a number of interesting trends that required further investigation. Further, general ('multi-purpose') and specific coping strategies were identified. Coping effectiveness and frequency data detailed the analysis. Phase two (chapters 7, 8 & 9) investigates stress and coping experiences of elite squash players during coaching activities via two studies. In study one, data were collected through telephone interviews, and analysed using inductive content analysis (QSR NUDIST), revealing 227 raw data themes for stress and coping from which 9 stress and 8 coping general dimensions emerged. These results were used to develop a postal questionnaire (study two) administered to 84 elite squash players on the England Squash World Class Performance Programme (Jan. 1999). A response rate of 60% was obtained, data was input into SPSS, and various statistical tests revealed significant contributions to 5 major investigative themes detennined at the outset. An overall picture of the landscape in stress and coping in high performance squash coaching is offered, and conclusions and future directions are presented (chapter 10).

First-line supervisors in U.S. retail organizations are unable to resolve nearly 34% of typical daily customer problems for their organizations. The purpose of this single case study was to explore the strategies retail supermarket managers have used to improve 1st line supervisor problem solving abilities within a retail supermarket company in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The conceptual framework for this study was the skills-based leadership model. Data were collected from semistructured interviews with 4 retail store manager participants with a successful record of improving first-line supervisor problem solving abilities. Additionally, the review of company documents including training guides, training checklists, job descriptions, annual goal setting templates, and company website postings supplemented the semistructured interviews. Data analysis entailed coding, conceptualizing concepts and ideas, identifying themes, and member-checking to ensure the trustworthiness of interpretations. Based on the methodological triangulation of the data collected, 4 themes emerged after the data analysis: (a) the importance of communicating expectations with first-line supervisors, (b) coaching first-line supervisors on performance, (c) first-line supervisor learning and development, and (d) measuring first-line supervisor performance. Findings from this study may contribute to social change by providing insights and strategies that retail store managers can use to improve 1st-line supervisor problem-solving abilities. Improvement in problem-solving abilities may improve employees' lives, communities, and organizational performance.