One of the major obstacles to performance evaluation studies is the definition of a representative or accurate workload. User scripts, a detailed description of user activities to specify an interactive workload, can be used as input for remote terminal emulators as well as a representation of an interactive workload the users impose on a system. User scripts are often based on the widely accepted user behaviour model 'LIST-MODS-RUN'. A method of analysis is described which suggests that this user behaviour is not realistic. More accurate models are given to describe user behaviour at system command language level. It is also studied how different users groups adapt to different loads. The results are then used to define a workload model. An automatic workload genrator is described to generate workload models in form of user scripts ready for execution 'on ERTE which is a system designed to exert interactive workloads on a multiaccess system. Experimental runs with ERTE demonstrate the accuracy of the model and provide the basis for more realistic performance measures on EMAS and the development of ERTE.

The Internet is an essential resource to an ever-increasing number of businesses and home users. Internet access is increasing dramatically and hence, the need for efficient and effective Web server systems is on the rise. These systems are information engines that are accessed through the Internet by a rapidly growing client base. These systems are expected to provide good performance and high availability to the end user. They are also resilient to failures at both the hardware and software levels. These characteristics make them suitable for servicing the present and future information demands of the end consumer. In recent years, researchers have concentrated on taxonomies of scalable Web server system architectures, and routing and dispatching algorithms for request distribution. However, they have not focused on the classification of commercial products and prototypes, which would be of use to business professionals and software architects. Such a classification would help in selecting appropriate products from the market, based on product characteristics, and designing new products with different combinations of server architectures and dispatching algorithms. Currently, dispatching algorithms are classified as content-blind, content-aware, and Domain Name Server (DNS) scheduling. These classifications are extended, and organized under one tree structure in this thesis. With the help of this extension, this thesis develops a unified product-based taxonomy that identifies product capabilities by relating them to a classification of scalable Web server systems and to the extended taxonomy of dispatching algorithms. As part of a detailed analysis of Web server systems, generic queuing models, which consist of a dispatcher unit and a Web server unit are built. Some performance metrics, such as throughput, server performance, mean queue size, mean waiting time, mean service time and mean response time of these generic queuing models are measured for evaluation. Finally, the correctness of generic queuing models are evaluated with the help of theoretical and simulation analysis.

委外經營策略是近年來各國政府推動行政革新及政府再造的重要策略之一，政府將業務委託民間辦理是為達成人力精簡及改善財政之目標，而委外經營決策不僅在解決政府的「雙環困境」（Catch-22Situation），更在於提高政府的服務效能及品質，因此行政部門的角色由直接執行者轉換為監督者，民間業者成為政策的實際執行者。 委外可解決組織內許多問題，但亦可能為組織帶來新的風險，故運用在不同的組織結構中，必需考量組織的特性及環境背景，方能使委外動機與策略目標相結合，以產生最大效益。 本研究目的在於探討目前我國中央機關勞務委外辦理實施之成效，設計問卷針對我國中央機關公務人員為研究對象，進行問卷調查，問卷調查所得資料運用電腦統計軟體SPSS for Window 12.0版進行資料處理。在各構面績效衡量指標方面，「專業品質構面」平均數為最高，其次為「整體效益構面」，而「成果滿意度構面」受重視程度最低。在不同樣本特徵知重要性認知差異性分析方面，受試公務人員因性別、年齡、公職身分別、任職單位別、公職年資、是否承辦委外業務的不同而有顯著差異。 藉由績效評估指標，對中央機關公務人員做實證性研究，萃取出公務人員之角度對績效指標重要性程度之認知情形，可供政府機關在做勞務委外之參考，是否能以最少的成本而有更高的經營績效或更高的投資報酬率，以補救現行之缺失並作為日後績效衡量之參考，以提昇我國政府整體競爭力。 / Outsourcing services is an important business strategy to promote administrative reform and reinventing for many governments in recent years. The privatization of government business is to streamline human resources and improve its finance. In fact, outsourcing services not only helps to resolve the "double Central Dilemma "(Catch-22Situation) issue, but also improves the efficiency and quality of government services. Under this strategy, the executive branch actors from central government become supervisors and, private businesses, in charge of the actual implementation of those policies. Outsourcing can solve many problems within an organization, but may also create new risks for the organization.Therefore, organizations must consider their characteristics and environmental contexts to produce the maximum benefit and ensure that outsourcing services matches their strategic objectives. Purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of labor outsourcing from central government. We designed questionnaires to get feedback from the officals from these authorities. We applied computer statistical software SPSS for Window 12.0 version on this survey data. In all dimensions of performance measurement indicators, "professional quality dimensions," gets the highest average, followed by "the overall efficiency of dimension", and "satisfaction with the outcome dimensions of" gets the least attention of all. In the discrepancy analysis on importance cognition under different samples, the target varies with the sex, age, rank, department, year in service, and has outsourcing business or not. By Performance Indicators, we have done an empirical research based on the officals from central government to extracting out the cognitive situation of the importance of performance indicators from officials viewpoint. This result can be used as a reference to apply outsourcing in central government.It can help to cost less but have higher performance or higher return on investment to remedy the current defects. This result can also be used for the performance measures to improve the overall competitiveness of our government.

In the present study, nursing and allied health employee's perceptions of job control and the relationship to performance evaluation were explored. Supervisor perceptions of their subordinate's level of job control was assessed with subordinate perceptions of job control, to determine the effects of perceptual congruence on reactions to performance evaluation. In addition, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance was assessed to test the relationship with subordinate responses to performance evaluation. One hundred and forty-four participants including forty-five matched supervisor-subordinate pairs in a large Queensland health care organisation were surveyed. The measures included perceptions of job control, supervisor attributions to subordinate performance and the effects of subordinate reactions to performance evaluation. The results indicated that there were no differences in the perceptions the supervisor held of their employee's job control and the perceptions the subordinate held in relation to their own levels of job control. In addition, it was found that job control significantly contributed to positive reactions to performance evaluation and when there was a close match between supervisor and subordinate perceptions of level of control, there was a resulting positive reaction to performance evaluation. Furthermore, supervisor internal attributions to subordinate performance predicted positive reactions to performance evaluation, when the employee was evaluated as having performed successfully.

Carbon emissions generated by the building sector have come under stricter limits with the amendments to Approved Document L: Conservation of Fuel and Power of the building regulations for England and Wales. Building designs are now checked to ensure that new constructions have the designed capabilities to operate with a higher standard of efficiency. However, there are currently no means of ensuring that the mandatory improvements in design and construction are actually translating into real life improvements during the actual operation of the building. Assessment methodologies such as the Display Energy Certificate are applied annually. The large interval between audits has the potential risk that poor performance may go unnoticed for prolonged periods of time. Real time assessment of energy performance that is linked to legislative requirements would aid the process of ensuring reductions in carbon emissions occur in reality. Evaluating the energy performance in real time is not a straight forward task; commercial buildings are complex nonlinear dynamic systems with a number of operating states, functions and features. These factors need to be taken into consideration for the fair appraisal of energy performance. Condition monitoring has been applied extensively to the field of machine health, in which the state of a system is determined through measuring the parameters that are indicative of its health. Within this thesis, a unique method of real time energy performance has been developed along with the implementation of two condition monitoring strategies for the purposes of state evaluation and fault detection and diagnosis. Kernel based dimensionality techniques have recently gained popularity as a means of modelling nonlinear systems. It was found that the application of nonlinear condition monitoring strategies for determination of building state was proficient in determining slow developing faults and abrupt changes in building state. However, the occurrences of non-acceptable incipient changes in state were harder to detect. Hence the state evaluation techniques were complemented with component level fault detection and diagnosis techniques. These techniques have the combined ability to address the requirement for assessing the state of operation within a building to allow for fair appraisal of the energy performance.

A avaliação de desempenho organizacional faz parte da gestão de empresas que possuem uma postura competitiva. Um sistema de avaliação de desempenho deve ser capaz de verificar se a empresa consegue atingir seus objetivos estratégicos, verificando a performance de seus processos e o atingimento de suas metas. O presente trabalho está inserido neste contexto, apresentando o desenvolvimento e a implantação de um modelo de Avaliação Global de Desempenho (AGD) em uma empresa prestadora de serviços para laboratórios, a Rede Metrológica RS. Primeiramente apresenta-se a revisão de quatro modelos de medição de desempenho existentes na literatura: o Balanced Scorecard, o modelo Quantum, o modelo do Capital Intelectual e o modelo Hoshin Kanri. Também é apresentado o método de análise multicriterial Analitycal Hierarchical Process (AHP), que foi utilizado para avaliar a importância dos processos de uma organização e seu impacto em relação à estratégia da empresa. A revisão teórica é complementada pela apresentação da função preferência, que foi implementada na avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho e do atingimento de suas metas. A implantação do modelo de AGD foi contemplada através da execução de seis etapas: (i) Avaliação da estratégia da empresa; (ii) Levantamento dos processos e sub-processos críticos da empresa; (iii) Desenvolvimento e implementação de indicadores de desempenho; (iv) Identificação da importância dos processos e sub-processo, relacionando os mesmos com a estratégia da empresa, através do AHP; (v) Avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho com o uso da função preferência; (vi) Implementação da função de AGD. Ficaram evidentes os benefícios decorrentes da implantação do AGD, que gerou informações relevantes para a organização, além de possibilitar uma visão sistêmica dos processos internos da empresa. O modelo de AGD também permitiu criar uma sistemática de gerenciamento visual de suas atividades através de uma matriz de indicadores, bem como a implementação de um mapa de desempenho global, indicando o desempenho de cada processo da organização. / The organizational performance evaluation is part of the competitive companies’ management. A performance evaluation system must be capable to verify if the company reaches its strategical objectives, checking its processes performance and the goals achievement. In this context, this work presents the development and implantation of a Global Evaluation Performance (GEP) model in a laboratory services company, the Rede Metrológica RS. First it presents four performance measurement models that can be found in literature: Balanced Scorecard, Quantum model, Intellectual Capital model and the Hoshin Kanri model. In addition, a multicriterial analysis method, the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) is presented. This method was used to evaluate the company’s processes importance and also its influence and its impact in organization’s strategy. The literature review is complemented presenting the desirability function, that evaluates the performance pointers and its goals achievement. The GEP model implantation was developed through six different stages: (i) Company strategy evaluation; (ii) Survey of organization’s main processes and sub-processes; (iii) Performance pointers development and implementation; (iv) Processes and sub-process importance identification, relating them to the company’s strategy, using AHP; (v) Performance pointers evaluation, using the desirability function; (vi) GEP function implementation. The GEP implantation benefits were notable, because it came up with important information for the organization, besides making a global idea of the company’s processes. The GEP model also allowed creating a visual management of its activities through a pointers matrix, as well as the implementation of a global performance map, indicating organization’s process performance.

The performance evaluation process is both an important tool for accounting firms to assess the performance of employees and provides supervisors an opportunity to provide feedback to their subordinates. Supervisions, such as managers, will provide feedback to subordinates (senior auditors) numerous times throughout a fiscal year. Prior research has shown that performance evaluations are largely based on results of the subordinate based on task completion and budgeted hours. These types of performance evaluations have been linked to employee dissatisfaction and a decrease in overall job performance. Utilizing psychology based theories, an experimental task was conducted to investigate whether the manager’s feedback orientation (positive/negative and tasks/goals) within a senior auditor’s performance evaluation will increase an auditor’s self-esteem and professional skepticism. Results show that positive and goal-oriented performance evaluations do increase an auditor’s self-esteem and supportive performance evaluations increase an auditor’s professional skepticism. These results provide valuable information to accounting firms to assist with their current restructuring of the performance evaluation process.

A descentralização das atividades do Estado na área de transportes, iniciada com o Programa Nacional de Desestatização, tem transferido à iniciativa privada a concessão de um número crescente de rodovias federais. A necessidade de fiscalizar a exploração da infra-estrutura rodoviária e de identificar as necessidades dos usuários de rodovias demanda a criação de um sistema de avaliação de desempenho para as concessões rodoviárias realizadas. Nesse contexto, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho de rodovias federais sob concessão, traduzindo a visão de usuários e técnicos do sistema rodoviário federal. Para tal, foi utilizada uma metodologia tendo como ferramenta básica a Pesquisa de Marketing, seguida de uma abordagem matemática. Durante o desenvolvimento do modelo, efetuou-se a identificação e a hierarquização dos atributos de uma rodovia valorizados por técnicos e usuários, através de pesquisas qualitativas e quantitativas, sendo realizada uma análise comparativa entre as duas visões. Desta forma, o modelo desenvolvido apresenta uma visão mais ampla do desempenho das rodovias concedidas, uma vez que considera a opinião de usuários e técnicos na avaliação. Também observou-se algumas características dinâmicas na estrutura do modelo que permitem acompanhar uma possível evolução nas rodovias, na percepção e necessidade dos usuários ou mesmo na capacidade técnica de avaliação. O foco na avaliação de rodovias federais sob concessão sugere, como indicação futura para a continuidade deste trabalho, a generalização do modelo para avaliar os diversos tipos de rodovias existentes no país. / The break up of the State’s duties upon transportation area, started during the National Program of Privatization, has transferred an increasing number of federal roads to private sector. The need of inspection of road infrastructure as well as the identification of roads’ patron desires demand the elaboration of an evaluating system able to measure the performance of road concessions. This thesis intends to develop a performance evaluating system focused on federal roads under concessions based on patrons and federal highway system experts’ opinion. The proposed methodology is based on a Marketing Research followed by a mathematical analysis. Identification and ordering of patrons and experts’ attributes were performed through qualitative and quantitative researches, allowing a comparative analysis between both opinions. Therefore, the proposed model conducts to a deeper analysis of the performance of concessions, once it evaluates opinion of patrons and experts. The model also allows evaluations concerning roads evolution, patrons’ perception and even experts’ capacity of judgment. The upgrade of the proposed methodology is a suggestion for further research, considering the diversity of roads in the country.

A avaliação de desempenho organizacional faz parte da gestão de empresas que possuem uma postura competitiva. Um sistema de avaliação de desempenho deve ser capaz de verificar se a empresa consegue atingir seus objetivos estratégicos, verificando a performance de seus processos e o atingimento de suas metas. O presente trabalho está inserido neste contexto, apresentando o desenvolvimento e a implantação de um modelo de Avaliação Global de Desempenho (AGD) em uma empresa prestadora de serviços para laboratórios, a Rede Metrológica RS. Primeiramente apresenta-se a revisão de quatro modelos de medição de desempenho existentes na literatura: o Balanced Scorecard, o modelo Quantum, o modelo do Capital Intelectual e o modelo Hoshin Kanri. Também é apresentado o método de análise multicriterial Analitycal Hierarchical Process (AHP), que foi utilizado para avaliar a importância dos processos de uma organização e seu impacto em relação à estratégia da empresa. A revisão teórica é complementada pela apresentação da função preferência, que foi implementada na avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho e do atingimento de suas metas. A implantação do modelo de AGD foi contemplada através da execução de seis etapas: (i) Avaliação da estratégia da empresa; (ii) Levantamento dos processos e sub-processos críticos da empresa; (iii) Desenvolvimento e implementação de indicadores de desempenho; (iv) Identificação da importância dos processos e sub-processo, relacionando os mesmos com a estratégia da empresa, através do AHP; (v) Avaliação dos indicadores de desempenho com o uso da função preferência; (vi) Implementação da função de AGD. Ficaram evidentes os benefícios decorrentes da implantação do AGD, que gerou informações relevantes para a organização, além de possibilitar uma visão sistêmica dos processos internos da empresa. O modelo de AGD também permitiu criar uma sistemática de gerenciamento visual de suas atividades através de uma matriz de indicadores, bem como a implementação de um mapa de desempenho global, indicando o desempenho de cada processo da organização. / The organizational performance evaluation is part of the competitive companies’ management. A performance evaluation system must be capable to verify if the company reaches its strategical objectives, checking its processes performance and the goals achievement. In this context, this work presents the development and implantation of a Global Evaluation Performance (GEP) model in a laboratory services company, the Rede Metrológica RS. First it presents four performance measurement models that can be found in literature: Balanced Scorecard, Quantum model, Intellectual Capital model and the Hoshin Kanri model. In addition, a multicriterial analysis method, the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) is presented. This method was used to evaluate the company’s processes importance and also its influence and its impact in organization’s strategy. The literature review is complemented presenting the desirability function, that evaluates the performance pointers and its goals achievement. The GEP model implantation was developed through six different stages: (i) Company strategy evaluation; (ii) Survey of organization’s main processes and sub-processes; (iii) Performance pointers development and implementation; (iv) Processes and sub-process importance identification, relating them to the company’s strategy, using AHP; (v) Performance pointers evaluation, using the desirability function; (vi) GEP function implementation. The GEP implantation benefits were notable, because it came up with important information for the organization, besides making a global idea of the company’s processes. The GEP model also allowed creating a visual management of its activities through a pointers matrix, as well as the implementation of a global performance map, indicating organization’s process performance.

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the socio economic impact of the development programs like MGNREGA, JnNURM and development of Roads project, on the intended target area. The entire thesis can be divided in to two parts; (1) developing method to evaluate the socio economic impact assessment and (2) case studies. Two different techniques were used to evaluate the change in the productivity. Initially the change is measure by calculating the difference in the efficiencies between two time period using base period and current period production technologies. To illustrate this method a case study of MGNREGA has been considered to evaluate the impact of seventeen districts of the country. From the results it is found that there is difficult in comparing the two efficiencies due to the scaling issue of two production technologies. Further Data Envelopment Analysis is used to evaluate the distance function in the calculation of Malmquist index (MI). MI gives the productivity change between two time periods and is calculated as the geometric mean of two ratios measured with reference to the time period and time period respectively. A new approach is presented by interpreting the two ratios of MI separately using the distance functions to identify the productivity change between two time periods. Three different regions were identified to determine the productivity change; improvement region which observe improvement in the productivity between two time periods, deterioration region which indicate deterioration in the productivity and status quo region suggesting the stagnation region. Two case studies i.e. Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation and development of roads under the name “5054-Decongestion of Roads project” were considered. The impact of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) funds on the performance of Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation (BMTC) is studied using the proposed method. The results suggest that for 50 percent of the overall productivity have improved due to the intervention. The deterioration is mainly because of the addition input surplus in terms of number of buses and output slack in terms of reduced load factor, effective distance travelled, operational costs and increase in number of breakdown and accident rates for these DMU’s. The socio economic impact of the roads developed by Government of Karnataka under the name of “5054-Decongestion of Roads project” in and around Bangalore was also studied using this method and the results shows that out of five DMU’s four DMU’s show improvement in the productivity.