The link between job satisfaction and job performance is one of the most studied relationships in industrial/organizational psychology. Meta-analysis (Judge, Thoresen, Bono, & Patton, 2001) has estimated the magnitude of this relationship to be ρ = .30. With many potential causal models that explain this correlation, one possibility is that the satisfaction-performance relationship is actually spurious, meaning that the correlation is due to common causes of both constructs. Drawing upon personality theory and the job characteristics model, this study presents a meta-analytic estimate of the population-level relationship between job satisfaction and job performance, controlling for commonly studied predictors of both. Common causes in this study include personality trait Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and core selfevaluations, along with cognitive ability and job complexity. Structural equation modeling of the meta-analytic correlation matrix suggests a residual correlation of .16 between job satisfaction and performance—roughly half the magnitude of the zero-order correlation. Following the test of spuriousness, I then propose and find support for an integrated theoretical model in which job complexity and job satisfaction serve as mediators for the effects of personality and ability on work outcomes. Results from this model suggest that job complexity is negatively related to satisfaction and performance, once ability and personality are controlled. Contributions of this paper include estimating the extent to which the satisfaction-performance relationship is partly spurious, which is an advancement because the attitude-behavior link has not been estimated in light of personality and job characteristics. Another contribution is the integrated theoretical model, which illuminates mediators in some of the effects of personality and ability.

The current study sought to explain when and why situational constraints negatively influence performance on a complex task. In particular, perceived control and affective reactions (frustration and satisfaction) were examined as potential explanatory mechanisms, while ability and motivation were tested as moderators. The influence of situational constraints on task strategies was also examined and tested for possible nonlinearity. Finally the extent to which task strategy use moderates the situational constraint-task performance relationship was investigated. A laboratory study using 158 undergraduate psychology students was conducted. Three levels of situational constraints (low, moderate, high) were experimentally manipulated. Performance on a problem solving execution task, as well as experimenter observations of strategy use, were used to represent the constructs of interest in the study. Results indicated that situational constraints were directly related to task satisfaction and frustration and performance. In addition task strategy use was directly related to performance. However, there was no evidence for mediation or moderation effects. Limitations and future directions are discussed.

The concept of Measurement and Verification (M&V) of a new building continues to become more important because efficient design alone is often not sufficient to deliver an efficient building. Simulation models that are calibrated to measured data can be used to evaluate the energy performance of new buildings if they are compared to energy baselines such as similar buildings, energy codes, and design standards. Unfortunately, there is a lack of detailed M&V methods and analysis methods to measure energy savings from new buildings that would have hypothetical energy baselines. Therefore, this study developed and demonstrated several new methodologies for evaluating the energy performance of new commercial buildings using a case-study building in Austin, Texas. First, three new M&V methods were developed to enhance the previous generic M&V framework for new buildings, including: 1) The development of a method to synthesize weathernormalized cooling energy use from a correlation of Motor Control Center (MCC) electricity use when chilled water use is unavailable, 2) The development of an improved method to analyze measured solar transmittance against incidence angle for sample glazing using different solar sensor types, including Eppley PSP and Li-Cor sensors, and 3) The development of an improved method to analyze chiller efficiency and operation at part-load conditions. Second, three new calibration methods were developed and analyzed, including: 1) A new percentile analysis added to the previous signature method for use with a DOE-2 calibration, 2) A new analysis to account for undocumented exhaust air in DOE-2 calibration, and 3) An analysis of the impact of synthesized direct normal solar radiation using the Erbs correlation on DOE-2 simulation. Third, an analysis of the actual energy savings compared to three different energy baselines was performed, including: 1) Energy Use Index (EUI) comparisons with sub-metered data, 2) New comparisons against Standards 90.1-1989 and 90.1-2001, and 3) A new evaluation of the performance of selected Energy Conservation Design Measures (ECDMs). Finally, potential energy savings were also simulated from selected improvements, including: minimum supply air flow, undocumented exhaust air, and daylighting.

All animals, including insect herbivores, eat to acquire nutrients that are essential for fueling physiological processes associated with growth, development, and reproduction. Protein and digestible carbohydrates are two nutrients required in large quantities by insect herbivores, but the amounts in which they occur in plants can be highly variable. In this thesis, I explore how the amounts and ratios of protein and digestible carbohydrate in an insect herbivore's food affect lifetime performance and body elemental composition. I do this by confining a generalist caterpillar, Heliothis virescens, to semi-synthetic foods with fixed protein-carbohydrate amounts and ratios. I show that foods with protein-carbohydrate ratios that match the self-selected protein-carbohydrate intake of final instar caterpillars correlate strongly with best performance, and that small deviations away from this optimal protein-carbohydrate ratio can result in large drop-offs in overall performance, particularly for males. I also show the importance of protein-carbohydrate balance over total macronutrient content. Finally, my results demonstrate that H. virescens caterpillars do not practice strict elemental homeostasis. My result, when contrasted with earlier work on caterpillars, suggests that hemimetabolous and holometabolous insect herbivores practice different degrees of elemental homeostasis.

none

none

Since 2002 Central Personnel Administration carried out the performance bonus management system at administrative departments, the opposite opinions have never died out. The most controversial point is that it is believed this system suits private enterprises more than administrative departments. For years, academic papers have focused more on comparative studies between Taiwan and other countries, or between government institute and private enterprises, but there are only few on different units within public administrative departments. Public schools, in particular, have more difficulties in enforcing and have less aspiration to enforce the system. The purposes of this study are to explore the predicaments and tentative resolutions of public schools. This study apply literary and documents to analyze the differences between administrative departments and public schools. By doing so, the researcher explore the predicaments of public schools and propose possible resolutions to every problem. The methodology is as follows: first, introducing the enforcement process in accordance with literary documents. Second, comparing administrative departments with public schools in the aspects of objectives, organizations and suitable subjects, and the differences would be further analyzed. Third, offering tentative resolutions to the difficulties that public schools should face. The conclusion of this study could substantiate the enforcement of the performance bonus management system. Those who involved in the system execute it authentically would help life up the effectiveness of administration and the quality of teaching in public schools. Moreover, till now only administrative departments care about the practical effects of the performance bonus management system, no one notices the difficulties of public schools. This study could be helpful to arouse the interests of public schools to enforce the system, and also to propose useful strategies for other schools as references.

Work performance researches in the past ten years have been numerously conducted in Taiwan. Most of researchers use International benchmarking performance measurement with or without modifications. . Only few develop their own measurement based on the needs of Taiwan business organizations. My project focuses on the rebuild of performance evaluation program in the light of the employees in Taiwan enterprises considering the national conditions, culture, credibility and efficiency. This paper has studied the theories of Campbell(1990) and Borman & Motowidlo(1993) and developed a job performance evaluation form suitable for employees in Taiwan. A total number of 3000 copies of survey questionnaires were sent out. Out of this, 2779 were returned, representing a remarkable return rate of 92.63%. My performance evaluation matrix presents as below: 1. Task performance: Task performance involves official responsibility or the proficient of "technical core" of the activities in formal jobs and duties. Including 9 items. 2. Contextual performance: Contextual performance involves activities maintaining the environment that needs to exist to allow the technical core to operate. Contextual performance are activities such as: " Helping and cooperating with others. Following organizational rules and procedures even when personally inconvenient. Endorsing, supporting and defending organizational objectives." Including 9 items. 3. Job Positive: Job Positive involves measurement of positive personality, attitude and psychological environment of jobs and duties. Job Positive are activities such as: "Volunteering to carry out task activities that are not formally part of the job. Looking for a challenging assignment. Tackling a difficult work assignment enthusiastically and Voluntarily doing more than the job requires to help others or contribute to unit effectiveness." Including 4 items. Key words: Job Performance, Taiwan, Employee.

none

Faced with the pressure of competition and reformation of education in public schools, private schools facing difficult plight in recruit students, although they have different reasons, most private schools use poor marketing strategy to enhance the competitiveness of the schools are indisputable fact. This paper takes a case as private schools in Kaohsiung city to discuss the relativity of schools marketing strategy and recruit performance and offer some references for the research of private schools layout in future. The research of this paper is focused on the problems of private schools marketing; because of the occupational schools have lots of sections, so the selection of samples use the fashion of conception, this paper selected the teachers, students and paterfamilias as the objects of this research. This paper studies a total of 1800 questionnaires were issued, recovering valid questionnaires 817 shares and the rate of return was 45.39%, thereinto, students questionnaires were 600 shares, 457 shares valid questionnaires were recovered and the rate of return was 76.17%, paterfamilias questionnaire were 600 shares, 157 shares valid questionnaires were recovered and the rate of return was 26.17%, teachers questionnaire were 600 shares , 203 shares valid questionnaires were recovered and the rate of return was 33.83%. Based on the research, this paper got some conclusions, the conclusions following are: (1)The mixed strategies of marketing of this research are the important lay in the marketing of private schools; (2) According to this study found that the various marketing strategies has its main marketing projects; (3) "Access planning" is the most important content projects of the status of private schools marketing attitude, "equipment strategy" is the most important projects of the cognitive degree of private schools marketing strategies; (4) Through the analysis of questionnaires of teachers, students and paterfamilias, it knows that the vast majority of teachers¡¦ score higher than parents and students, it means the teachers on the status of the marketing approach for the best; (5) Different identity variables exists significant differences in different lays; (6)The study finds students more attractive marketing attitudes, school enrolment more effective performance, paterfamilias marketing attitude better, the marketing strategy for schools to focus on the image of the strategy, teachers marketing attitude more better, more awareness for schools¡¦ marketing.