A thesis submitted in fulfillment for the requirements of the degree of Doctor of phisophy in the Faculty of Arts, in the Department of IsiZulu naMagugu at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2005. / This study will be focusing on visual and performance artists. It is the plight of artists that they work hard in their artistic disciplines, but do not benefit to the equivalence of their efforts. There are many reasons for this. Crafters are dependent on a sound tourists industry. The study will be looking at some of the reasons and concems then try to provide what could be some answers and solutions. Art is generally thought of as the development of performance skills and or craft manufacturing within a small minority of youth or community performers, usually selected on the basis of talent and motivation. The research leading to this study has been to a large extent, motivated by the need for a more comprehensive and holistic concept This will lend itselfto a fuller exploitation and will have potential for assisting larger numbers of artists to achieve a wide range of educational outcomes in art administration, instrument manufacturing, actual artistic performance and craft production. A large number of arts practitioners internationally feel that understanding a country occurs through its arts and culture. The arts of any country is actually the mirror of the country. This study will look at the arts of South Africa and the impact it has on the proudly SouthAfricans and the tourism industry at large.This study will have two primary purposes: a. to make justification for artists (visual and performance) and, b: to suggest ways in which artists can more prominently and profitably feature in the tourism industry and their sustainability as artists and proud members of South African communities. It is important to note that South African artists exist in highly diverse communities which are influenced by many factors such as: • heritage • cultural fabric • ethnic identity • experiences • different beliefs and convictions

A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in African Languages. Wits University, Johannesburg, 2015 / This report interrogates the representation of blackness in post-1994 black-centred films in South Africa. With a particular focus on Khalo Matabane’s films, I analyse Conversations on a Sunday Afternoon (2005), When We Were Black (2007) and State of Violence (2011) across a spectrum of themes. I also interrogate and introduce several critical concepts such as ‘blackness’, ‘the image of blackness’, ‘black identity’, ‘masculinity’, ‘femininity’, ‘the Gaze’ and ‘Otherness’. These concepts are interlinked in ways that bring about an understanding of the concept of black-centred films, which is central to the research report. Amidst the different interpretations of black-centred films, the vantage point from which the concept is used is interested in black-centred films as films that are made by a black filmmaker, whose content addresses issues of blackness and is targeted at a black audience. However, these three factors need not always resonate in a single film in order for it to be considered and analysed as a black-centred film. The lens through which Matabane holds the camera questions his representation of the black image and whether it is from an insider or outsider’s perspective. The view from which Matabane holds the camera is important in establishing whether he has purported to represent historically stereotypical images of blackness, or whether his endeavours in filmmaking are occupied by the relentless pursuit to present new images of blackness.

Submitted by Glauber de Assunção Moreira (glauber.moreira@ufba.br) on 2018-09-21T14:56:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ricardo Barreto Biriba - Parintins cidade Ritual.pdf: 37463798 bytes, checksum: b02b1996a9a02756f1870257f5081d43 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marly Santos (marly@ufba.br) on 2018-09-24T20:59:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ricardo Barreto Biriba - Parintins cidade Ritual.pdf: 37463798 bytes, checksum: b02b1996a9a02756f1870257f5081d43 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T20:59:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Ricardo Barreto Biriba - Parintins cidade Ritual.pdf: 37463798 bytes, checksum: b02b1996a9a02756f1870257f5081d43 (MD5) / Parintins CIDADE RITUAL: BOI-BUMBÁ PERFORMANCE E ESPETACULARIDADE, concentrado na linha temática Matrizes Culturais na Cena Contemporânea do Curso de Doutorado do Programa de Pós Graduação em Artes Cênicas da Escola de Teatro e Escola de Dança da Universidade Federal da Bahia trata dos processos de transformação ocorridos nos Bois- Bumbás de Parintins, Amazonas. Estes Grupos incorporaram novas tecnologias desenvolvidas por artistas locais, como recursos cênicos para as suas apresentações, que foram intensificadas com a criação do Festival Folclórico no ano de 1965. Situado na investigação de questões relativas a estudos etnocenológicos sobre a linguagem cênica dos Bois-Bumbás Garantido e Caprichoso enquanto fenômenos da cultura amazônica; discute a transculturação, a performance e o ritual enquanto processos dialógicos, entre os valores culturais locais, o imaginário indígena e as novas tecnologias na cena espetacular do Festival Folclórico de Parintins, e, como este interfere na construção da identidade cultural parintinense; contribui para estudos das formas cênicas, métodos e processos criativos de manifestações da cultura brasileira com perfil étnico. Este trabalho traz também para o âmbito acadêmico das artes, estudos a partir de análises dos métodos e dos processos criativos e das linguagens que compõem as cenas dessas manifestações com foco de atenção situado na condição de um espetáculo-ritual-performático e suas relações que se estabelecem entre o artista, a obra de arte e o público. / Parintins Ritual City: Boi-bumbá, Perfomance and Spectacularity concentrated on the themattic line culltural matrixes on the comtemporary scene of the doctorate cource for the Post Graduation Program in Scenic Arts at the Theater School and Dance School at Bahia Federal University deals with the processes of transformation occurred on the Bois-Bumbás of Parintins, Amazon. These groups have incorporated new technologies developed by local artists, as scenic resources to their presentations, that were intensified with the creation of the Folk Festival in 1965. Situated in the investigation of issues related to ethnocenological studies about the scenic language for Bois-Bumbás Garantido and Caprichoso as Amazonic culture phenomena. It discusses the transcultural and transformation processes, performance and ritual, as dialogic processes, among the local cultural values, the indian imaginary and the new technologies on the spectacular scene of the Parintins Folk Festival and as it interferes on the Parintinian cultural identity construction. It contributes to the studies of the scenic forms, methods and creative processes of manifestations with the ethnical profile of the Brazilian Culture. This work also brings to the arts academic extent studies starting from the analysis of the methods and creative processes and of styles that compose the scenes of the manifestation focusing on the condition of the performing ritual spectacle and its relations that are established among the artist, the work of art and the public.