<p>Patients who are in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience a significantly increased rate of atherosclerotic complications. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these complications. The major acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. Many patients in ESRD experience elevated CRP levels without an overt infection. Periodontal diseases in the general population have been associated with both an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic complications and an elevation in serum CRP values. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether periodontal disease is associated with increased systemic inflammation reflected by CRP values, in patients with ESRD on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) or perioneal dialysis (PD).</p>

Thesis (MSD) --Boston University (Periodontics). / Includes bibliographic references: leaves 84-89. / Twenty-two male patients from 12-14 years of age were selected prior to active orthodontic therapy at Boston University School of Graduate Dentistry's Departmant of Orthodontics. These patients were projected to undergo full-banded orthodontic treatnent. The objective of this investigation was designed as a long tenn project to document the quantitative and qualitative changes occurring in the periodontium during and following orthodontic therapy. The patients were examined for the first 9 month period by Dr. Stuart Sears and Dr. Sergio Tejedor-Leon. Relocation of two families reduced the number of patients to twenty which were examined for the second 9 nonth period by Dr. Robert E. Roe and Dr. Robert P. Rubins. [TRUNCATED]

Orientador: Rosemary Adriana Chiérici Marcantonio / Banca: Enilson Antonio Sallum / Banca: Joni Augustoi Cirelli / Resumo: Atualmente no mercado se encontra o extrato de óleo insaponificável de abacate e soja, considerado potente anti-inflamatório, agente antioxidante e analgésico, eficaz no tratamento de distúrbios que afetam os tecidos conjuntivos. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a eficácia deste medicamento no tratamento da doença periodontal induzida em ratos com artrite. Foram utilizados 60 ratos (Rattus Norvegicus) submetidos à indução de artrite por antígeno (AIA) e a indução da doença periodontal (DP) através da inserção de ligadura no segundo molar superior. Após a remoção das ligaduras, em todos os dentes foi realizada raspagem radicular (R). Os animais foram distribuídos randomicamente em 4 grupos, avaliados em três períodos experimentais (7, 15 e 30 dias). Grupo Controle (CTR); Grupo ASU; Grupo ASU e artrite (ASU/AR); Grupo AR. Após os períodos experimentais pós-tratamento, suas maxilas e articulação da pata dianteira foram removidos para processamento laboratorial. A porcentagem de volume ósseo nas regiões proximais foi analisada por microtomografia (MicroCT). Não houve diferenças entre os grupos, entretanto foi verificado na análise intragrupos que no grupo ASU/AR houve um aumento estatisticamente significativo na porcentagem óssea no período de 30 dias em relação ao período de 7 dias e no grupo AR um aumento na porcentagem óssea no período de 30 dias em comparação ao período de 15 dias. Os períodos avaliados apresentaram leve infiltrado inflamatório, desorganização das fibras colágenas e integridade do cemento radicular. Dessa forma conclui-se que o ASU não adicionou efeito ao reparo periodontal após tratamento da periodontite induzida associada ou não a indução de artrite experimental em ratos. / Abstract: The avocado/soybean unsaponifiables(ASU) is a drug that has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(AR) and other connective tissue disorders due to their potent anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect and antioxidant. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this drug on the treatment of the ligature-induced periodontitis in rats with experimental arthritis. Sixty rats were used in this experiment. The arthritis was induced in thirty rats by injection of specific antigen (AIA) and the periodontitis was induced in all the rats by a insertion of a cotton ligature in the periodontal sulcus of the second upper molar. The ligatures removal and the scaling was performed 7 days after the ligatures placement. The animals were randomly divided in four groups: Control (CTR), ASU, ASU/AR and AR. The animals were euthanized 7, 15 and 30 days after the treatments. The maxilla's and the joint of the front paw was removed to perform the analysis. The percentage of bone tissue in the proximal were analyzed by the micro CT. No statistical differences were detected between the groups. Regarding the intragroup analysis it was showed an enhance on the bone volume in the ASU/AR at 30 days compared with the period of 7 days, and an improve in bone volume the AR at 30 days compared with the period of 15 days. The descriptive histology showed that all the groups presented a mild inflammatory infiltrate, disorganization of collagen fibers and cementum integrity. In conclusion, the consumption of the ASU did not add any additional effect on the periodontal healing after the treatment of the ligature-induced periodontitis in rats with/without experimental arthritis. / Mestre

Os lasers de diodo de média potência aparecem como fonte alternativa aos lasers de Nd:YAG e Er:YAG para aplicações em Periodontia, tanto pelo aspecto econômico quanto pela facilidade de utilização, além dos bons resultados obtidos. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o uso do laser de diodo de média potência de até 1.2 W (Diodo FTC 1200, OPTO(r) São Carlos - Brasil) em aplicações periodontais. Para tanto, realizamos primeiramente um mapeamento térmico in vitro, em diferentes espessuras de tecido mole e parâmetros de potência. Este experimento nos revelou que as amostras com espessuras acima de 1.0 mm de tecido mole, não sofrem um aquecimento considerado crítico. Experimentos in vivo em tecido ósseo e mole de ratos também nos permitem afirmar que os parâmetros aqui testados são seguros para aplicações periodontais. O segundo passo deste estudo foi a análise microbiológica in vivo em bolsas periodontais induzidas em ratos. Os exames microbiológicos revelaram a presença de oito microrganismos distintos: Streptococcus beta-hemolitica, Prevotella sp, Fusobacterium sp, Pseudomonas sp, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp, Candida sp. Nossos resultados demonstram uma eficiência do laser de média potência na redução de patógenos periodontais. Especificamente para Prevotella sp e Fusobcterium sp, taxas de redução muito próximas de 100% foram obtidas. Estudos in vitro da ação bactericida do laser, utilizando cepas de Eikenella corrodens (ATCC 23834) e Bacteroides fragilis (ATCC 25285), comprovam sua eficiência. Para finalizar, realizamos a análise histológica dos animais submetidos à irradiação e do grupo controle. As lâminas histológicas confirmam os resultados obtidos pelos testes térmicos, pois nenhuma carbonização, ou alteração irreversível foi notada nos tecidos periodontais. No entanto, restos de alimentos foram evidenciados em algumas das análises histológicas dos ratos que já haviam recebido a irradiação. ) Este fato revela a importância de associar os benefícios proporcionados pela aplicação do laser ao tratamento mecânico de raspagem radicular / Diode lasers are modern devices still searching application in dentistry. As an alternative to be applied in periodontal treatment, diode laser can substitute the conventional solid state lasers like Nd:YAG and Er:YAG with tremendous advantage in cost and facility of use. This work has the aim to demonstrate the use of medium power diode laser in the treatment of periodontal disease. For this purpose a sequence of experiments were carried out using (Diodo FTC 1200, OPTO&#174; São Carlos &#8722; Brasil). First we investigated the thermal effect on the adjacent tissue when the laser is used having the periodontal chamber as a target. Second, using an animal model we explored the efficiency of bacteria elimination when diode laser is used. Several types of bacterias as Streptococcus betahemolitica, Prevotella sp, Fusobacterium sp, Pseudomonas sp, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter sp, Candida sp were investigated. In a final observation, the histological exam was performed. A good preservation as well as evidence of strange bodies were observed. In conclusion we established that diode lasers are an appropriate tool for periodontal care

Thesis (M.S.)--School of Dentistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2005. / "A thesis in dental hygiene education." Advisor: Karen B. Williams. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed March 12, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 57-65). Online version of the print edition.

<p>Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the supporting tissues of teeth. Clinical observations and experimental evidence indicates that there is a genetic influence of risk factors for periodontitis. A specific pattern of IL-1 polymorphisms (known as the composite IL-1 genotype) has been found to influence the severity of chronic periodontitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the IL-1 gene polymorphisms and the severity of periodontal disease in a selected Xhosa ppopulation of South africa.</p>

Bacteria, in the form of biofilm, has been shown to play a critical role in the etiology and pathogenesis of periodontal and peri-implant infectious diseases. Studies have shown that distinctively different dental plaque is commonly found in healthy versus inflamed gingivae and mucosa. It should be noted, however, that in most of these studies, the healthy and diseased plaque samples were collected from different individuals. To address this important issue, in the two studies described within this thesis, I recruited subjects who were periodontally involved and/or had inflamed peri-implant tissues, and also had equivalent healthy control sites. In the first study, I analysed the subgingival microbiota of a cohort of tea labourers from Sri Lanka, who had never performed any oral hygiene practices. Within each of the 32 subjects, one ‘shallow’ (healthy) site and one ‘deep’ (diseased) site were chosen for subgingival plaque sampling. A 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) gene sequencing method was applied to investigate the diversity of the subgingival microbiome, and to compare the microbial composition between healthy and diseased sites. A taxonomically diverse subgingival microbiota was identified, with 318 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; 98% identity cut-off) from 1,887 cloned full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences. The subgingival microbiota was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria. A significant difference in the overall composition of microbial communities between shallow and deep sites was found ((-Libshuff, p<0.001) while pairwise comparisons within each subject revealed no significant differences. The absence of oral hygiene resulted in a highly diverse subgingival microbiota in this cohort. In the second study, 22 subjects who had both implants and teeth surrounded by healthy and inflamed tissues, were included for subgingival/submucosal microbiological sampling. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was used to detect and to quantify six species, including putative periodontal pathogens, i.e., Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.g.), Treponema denticola (T.d.), Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a.), Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.n.), Prevotella intermedia (P.i.), and Staphylococcus aureus (S.a.). Within the same subjects, putative periodontal pathogens were common to both periodontal and peri-implant sites irrespective of health status. The detection frequencies for each of the six target species at diseased tooth or implant sites were either equal to, or higher than, the respective detection frequencies at the corresponding healthy sites. Both periodontal and peri-implant sites, irrespective of their health status, were revealed to harbour S. aureus. Even though the target organisms were found in all clinical conditions, there were differences in the involvement of some of the pathogens for the diseased conditions. The prevalence and levels of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were significantly associated with periodontitis, but not with peri-implantitis. A. actinomycetemcomitans was associated with both disease conditions, periodontitis and peri-implantitis, but not with either gingival or mucosal health. In conclusion, results from my two studies indicated that the differences between the composition of subgingival microbial communities present in single sites within two different individuals, were always greater than the differences in microbial community composition present in two subgingival sites of differing health status within the same individual. / published_or_final_version / Dentistry / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

<p>Periodontitis is a bacterially induced chronic inflammatory disease that destroys the supporting tissues of teeth. Clinical observations and experimental evidence indicates that there is a genetic influence of risk factors for periodontitis. A specific pattern of IL-1 polymorphisms (known as the composite IL-1 genotype) has been found to influence the severity of chronic periodontitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the IL-1 gene polymorphisms and the severity of periodontal disease in a selected Xhosa ppopulation of South africa.</p>

<p>Patients who are in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience a significantly increased rate of atherosclerotic complications. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these complications. The major acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. Many patients in ESRD experience elevated CRP levels without an overt infection. Periodontal diseases in the general population have been associated with both an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic complications and an elevation in serum CRP values. The aim of this present study was to investigate whether periodontal disease is associated with increased systemic inflammation reflected by CRP values, in patients with ESRD on maintenance haemodialysis (HD) or perioneal dialysis (PD).</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1973.