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Autologous platelet concentrates represent promising innovative tools in the field of regenerative medicine and are successfully used in oral surgery. Several commercial systems exist that generate various forms of platelet concentrates including Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF). The alpha- granules of entrapped platelets release a variety of peptide growth factors that promotes healing. Usually PRP is a suspension that can be injected into the site of injury or used as a gel with the addition of thrombin (PRP-gel). In contrast Choukroun’s L-PRF is a dense fibrin based biomaterial enriched with platelets and growth factors. The physical state of these natural biomaterials especially L-PRF permits manual handling and suturing onto the tissue bead to improve healing. However, our knowledge about the mechanical characteristic of L-PRF is quite limited and a good understanding of material properties will enable expansion of current clinical applications. This study demonstrates the techniques to identify L-PRF’s mechanical properties (uniaxial tensile testing and suture retention strength); morphology (scanning electron microscope); biological stability and cytocompatibility.

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Thesis (M.Sc.D.)--Boston University, School of Graduate Dentistry, 1975. Periodontology. / Includes bibliographic references: leaves 112-131. / One hundred-twenty subjects were assigned to AP-100 enzyme mouthwash, used twice daily, in a doubleblind treatment schedule for six weeks. They were divided equally into Part A and Part B, sixty subjects each. In Part A, subjects ,vere scored, then half of them were randomly assigned to placebo and half to AP-100 enzyme. Removal of pre-existing plaque and treatment of gingivitis only were considered in this part. Part B, focused on reducing plaque accumulation and treatment of gingivitis. Therefore, all subjects in Part B underwent complete prophylaxis with a base line score equal to zero. Gingivitis only was scored in this group and the subjects were randomly assigned half to AP-100 and the other half to placebo. Plaque and gingivitis were scored at three and six weeks. [TRUNCATED]

Thesis (M.S. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2009. / Title from title page screen (viewed on September 19, 2009). Research advisor: Jegdish Babu Ph.D. Document formatted into pages (x,36 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-36).

Orientador: Márcio Zaffalon Casati / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T08:30:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pieri_AlexandraPaula_M.pdf: 2282598 bytes, checksum: 7fecd7736954b300b66152ae7095fe29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A topografia da superfície radicular é um fator importante para a manutenção da saúde dos tecidos periodontais, e a raspagem para remoção de biofilme promove alterações nessa superfície. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar, por meio da análise rugosimétrica e em microscopia eletrônica de varredura, a rugosidade radicular provocada pela instrumentação periodontal com aparelho ultra-sônico piezoelétrico, utilizando diferentes substâncias irrigadoras, e comparar com o uso de cureta e de ultrassom magnetoestritivo. Para isso, foram selecionados 60 pré-molares humanos extraídos por motivos ortodônticos, que foram lavados em água corrente e acondicionados em recipientes com formol a 10%. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 06 grupos experimentais (n=10 cada): Grupo 01: grupo controle, sem instrumentação; Gupo 02: instrumentados com curetas Gracey 5/6; Gupo 03: com aparelho ultra-sônico magnetoestritivo; Gupo 04: com aparelho ultra-sônico piezoelétrico associado ao fluido abrasivo; Grupo 05: com aparelho ultra-sônico piezoelétrico associado ao fluido polidor; Grupo 06: com aparelho ultra-sônico piezoelétrico associado aos fluidos abrasivo e polidor na seqüência. Após o tratamento das superfícies, foram realizadas, com Rugosímetro, três leituras paralelas e três perpendiculares ao sentido da raspagem para determinar os índices Ra e Rz de Rugosidade Superficial Média. Além disso, foram realizadas leituras com aumento de 50 e 250 vezes em Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV). Para a avaliação estatística foi utilizada análise de variância (ANOVA) e teste Tukey, com nível de significância de 5%. Foi observado aumento da rugosidade independentemente do instrumento utilizado, ao comparar as superfícies tratadas com as do grupo controle (p<0,05). A instrumentação com o sistema piezoelétrico associado ao fluido polidor proporcionou as superfícies menos rugosas; o ultrassom magnetoestritivo produziu a maior rugosidade superficial entre os grupos estudados (p<0,05). Dentre os grupos do sistema piezoelétrico, o que utilizou o fluido abrasivo proporcionou os valores mais altos de rugosidade. O uso associado dos fluidos abrasivo e polidor foi semelhante ao uso da cureta, e produziu superfícies com rugosidade significativamente maior que a do uso do piezoelétrico com fluido polidor. Portanto, diante dos resultados obtidos, pode-se concluir que o uso das diferentes substâncias irrigadoras na instrumentação com ultrassom piezoelétrico influencia na rugosidade radicular. O fluido abrasivo incrementa a rugosidade superficial, mas ainda assim, o aparelho magnetoestritivo deixa as superfícies mais rugosas. A técnica que utilizou o ultrassom piezoelétrico com fluido polidor foi a que resultou nas superfícies menos rugosas / Abstract: The topography of the root surface is an important factor for maintaining periodontal tissues healthy, and scaling for biofilm removal promotes alterations in that surface. The aim of this study was to evaluate with rugosimeter and SEM examination, root roughness after instrumentation with a piezoelectric ultrasonic device using different irrigation substances, comparing with curettes and magnetostrictive ultrasonic device. Sixty human pre-molars that had been extracted for orthodontic reasons were washed in running water and kept in 10% formaldehyde until the experiment was carried. The teeth were randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (n=10, each): Group 01: control group, no instrumentation; Group 02: instrumentation with Gracey 5/6curettes; Group 03: instrumentation with a magnetostrictive ultrasonic device, Group 04: piezoelectric ultrasonic device associated to abrasive fluid, Group 05: piezoelectric ultrasonic device associated to polishing fluid, and Group 06: piezoelectric ultrasonic device associated to abrasive fluid followed by polishing fluid. After root surface treatments, three readings were carried with a rugosimeter, both parallel and perpendicularly to the direction of the scaling, in order to determine Ra and Rz rates of average surface roughness. In addition, readings with 50x and 250x magnification on Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were done. For statistical analysis, ANOVA and Tukey's test were used, with significance level at 5%. An increase in roughness was observed, regardless of the instrument used, when comparing treated surfaces to those in control group (p<0,05). Instrumentation with piezoelectric system associated to polishing fluid provided less rough surfaces; magnetostrictive device caused the highest roughness among the studied groups (p<0.05). Among the groups using piezoelectric system, the one using abrasive fluid caused the highest values in roughness. The combined use of abrasive and polishing fluids subsequently was similar to the curette, and produced surfaces with roughness significantly higher than piezoelectric system with polishing fluid. With the obtained results, it can be concluded that the use of different irrigation substances during instrumentation with piezoelectric ultrasonic device can influence on root surface roughness. The abrasive fluid increments surface roughness, but the magnetostrictive device is still less aggressive that. The technique that used piezoelectric ultrasound with polishing fluid resulted in less rough surfaces / Mestrado / Periodontia / Mestre em Clínica Odontológica

Thesis (MSD) --Boston University, Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, 2009 (Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology). / Includes bibliographic references: leaves 52-59. / Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrated gel of platelets that contains several growth factors. Growth factors have been recognized as the part of PRP that play role in regeneration of the bone. It is not clear how these growth factors in PRP affect the bone regeneration. Resolvin El (RvEl; 5S,12R,18R-trihydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid) is an pro-resolving lipid mediator derived from omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid and shown to have potent effects on the resolution of inflammation. The purpose of this study was to analyze the action of PRP and RVEl on the proliferation and behavior of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in vitro. PRP was prepared from 14 healthy donors. Osteoblast cultures were from a cell line (Saos2) of osteosarcoma cells. Osteoclasts were differentiated from primary human peripheral blood monocytes. Osteoclastic morphology was studied and activity was analyzed via resorption on dentin discs using SEM. PRP and RVE 1 were added at different doses and time-points. Osteoblast function was analyzed by osteocalcin expression and release. Osteoclast activity was assessed by resorption and cathepsin K expression. PRP and RvEl comparably increased the osteoblastic activity and suppressed the osteoclast differentiation and function. These results suggest that multiple tools are available to reverse the inflammation and restore the lost bone architecture as a result of periodontal disease.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine the healing of intact extraction sockets grafted with leukocyte-platelet rich fibrin (L-PRF) as compared to sockets grafted with freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and a resorbable collagen barrier membrane (RCM). METHODS: This prospective randomized, examiner blinded pilot study included 17 subjects randomized to two treatment groups. Serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3, and platelet counts were determined preoperatively in all subjects. The experimental arm consisted of 8 posterior tooth-bounded intact extraction sites receiving L-PRF plugs. The control group consisted of 9 posterior tooth-bounded intact extraction sites receiving FDBA and RCM. An acrylic stent was fabricated to take duplicate clinical and CBCT measurements immediately post-extraction and at time of implant placement. A repeat-measures analysis of variance was utilized for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The study failed to detect a clinical or radiographic difference between treatment groups in horizontal or vertical ridge dimension changes. Serum cholesterol, LDL, 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3, and buccal plate thickness had a non-significant effect on outcome measurements, although there was a high prevalence of hyperlidpidemia and hypovitaminosis in the study population. CONCLUSIONS: The alveolar ridge dimension changes in intact posterior extraction sockets may be similar when either L-PRF or FDBA and RCM are utilized as socket grafting material. Although there was a high prevalence of high cholesterol and low 25-hydroxyvitamin-D3 levels in the population, this study failed to detect a significant correlation between preoperative serum levels and postoperative ridge dimension changes.

AIM: This study aims to determine what portion of specific autoantibody phenotypes are genetically determined by using a twin model. METHODS: This study specifically examines Anti-Ro(SSA), Anti-La (SSB), Anti-Sn/RNP, Anti-Sm, Anti-Jo-1, Anti-Scl-70, Anti-Tg & Anti-TPO, Anti-dsDNA, Anti-PS, and Anti-cardiolipin antibodies for their heritability. This study examined 104 same-sex adult twins (66 monozygous, 38 dizygous) for the above mentioned autoantibody values. The serum autoantibody values in each subject were quantified using automated ELISA. Descriptive statistics including, distributions, quantiles, and moments were calculated by zygosity for continuous antibody values, subject ages, gender, race and smoking status. Categorical antibody levels were used to determine twin pair concordance rates. Continuous and rank ordered autoantibody values were used to determine the presence and portion of a genetic component. To evaluate how strongly the antibody values in each twin group resembled each other, the intraclass correlation was calculated for each antibody by zygosity. The genetic variances, environmental variances, and heritability were estimated using path models with maximum likelihood estimation techniques. The phenotypic variance was modeled as a linear function of underlying additive genetic (A), dominant genetic (D), common environmental (C), and random environmental (E) effects. RESULTS: Several antibodies demonstrated a genetic component in our study population. Anti-cardiolipin had a genetic component with an estimated 69% heritability. Anti-dsDNA yielded a genetic component with a heritability estimate of 55-62%. Anti-Jo-1 presented a genetic component with the heritability estimate to be 41-51%. Anti-SCL-70 demonstrated a genetic component with a heritability estimate of 42-59%. Anti-PL had a genetic component with a heritability estimate of 52-54%. Several antibodies did not have a measurable genetic component. These included anti-Sm, anti-Ro(SSA), anti-La(SSB), anti-sn/RNP, anti-Tg, and anti-TPO. Some possibilities for the lack of a measureable genetic component may be due to the limited number of discordant twin pairs and/or the small number of subjects with higher levels of antibodies. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest several clinically relevant markers of auto-immunity may be partially genetically determined. These include: anti-cardiolipin, anti-dsDNA, anti-Jo-1, anti-SCL-70, and anti-phospholid.