Submitted by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-08-29T16:50:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ana Laura de Almeida Dias.pdf: 1017791 bytes, checksum: 4013006bdacc910e66cd95454d5dabcd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jordan (jordanbiblio@gmail.com) on 2017-08-29T16:50:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ana Laura de Almeida Dias.pdf: 1017791 bytes, checksum: 4013006bdacc910e66cd95454d5dabcd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-29T16:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISS_2014_Ana Laura de Almeida Dias.pdf: 1017791 bytes, checksum: 4013006bdacc910e66cd95454d5dabcd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-15 / Introdução: Jejum prolongado aumenta a resposta metabólica ao trauma. Este estudo multicêntrico investigou a diferença entre o tempo de jejum pré-operatório prescrito e o realizado em hospitais brasileiros. Métodos: Foram inicialmente convidados investigadores de 25 hospitais brasileiros para incluírem neste estudo, pacientes candidatos à cirurgia eletiva no período de Agosto de 2011 a Setembro de 2012. A variável de interesse principal foi a diferença entre o tempo de jejum prescrito e realizado. Outras variáveis coletadas foram sexo, idade, diagnóstico (doença maligna ou benigna), tipo de operação, escore físico ASA (Sociedade Americana de Anestesiologia), tipo de hospital (público ou privado), e o estado nutricional. Resultados: Apenas 16 dos 25 hospitais convidados enviaram dados. Os dados de 3715 pacientes (58,1% do sexo feminino) com idade média de 49 (18-94) anos de hospitais de todas as regiões do país foram analisados. A mediana (variação) do tempo de jejum pré-operatório foi de 12 (2-216) horas. Este tempo foi maior (p < 0.001) em 12 hospitais que ainda praticavam o protocolo de jejum tradicional (13[6-216] h) do que os quatro outros hospitais que já adotavam novas diretrizes de jejum (8 [2-48] h). A maioria dos pacientes (n = 2962; 79,4%) foi operada com tempo superior a 8 horas de jejum e 46% (n = 1.718) com mais 12 horas. Não houve influencia do escore físico ASA, idade, sexo, tipo de cirurgia e tipo de hospital no tempo de jejum observado (p > 0.05). Pacientes operados devido à doença benigna tiveram um tempo de jejum pré-operatório significativamente maior do que aqueles por câncer. Conclusão: O tempo de jejum pré-operatório nos hospitais brasileiros estudados é maior que o prescrito. A maioria desses hospitais ainda adota protocolos tradicionais ao invés de diretrizes modernas de jejum pré-operatório e nestes, o tempo de jejum é mais prolongado. Todos os pacientes estão em risco de permaneceram longos períodos de jejum, independente das variáveis estudadas. Pacientes submetidos a cirurgia por doença benigna tem provavelmente maior risco de jejum prolongado. / Background: Prolonged fast increases the organic response after trauma. This multicenter study investigated the difference between the prescribed and the actual preoperative fasting time in Brazilian hospitals. Methods: We initially invited researchers from 25 Brazilian hospitals to include in this study, patients candidates for elective surgery between August 2011 and September 2012. The variable of primary interest was the difference between the time of fasting prescribed and executed. Other variables collected were sex, age, surgical disease (malignancies or benign disease), operation type, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) physical status score, type of hospital (public or private) and the nutritional status. Results: Only 16 of the 25 invited hospitals sent data. The data of 3,715 patients (58.1% females) with median age of 49 (18-94) years-old from hospitals in all regions of the country were analyzed. The median (range) time of preoperative fast was 12 (2-216) h. This time was greater (p < 0.001) in 12 hospitals that still using traditional fasting protocol (13 [6-216] h) than in 4 others that had already adopted new fasting guidelines (8 [2-48] h). The vast majority (n = 2,962; 79.4%) of the patients were operated on bearing greater than 8h of fast and 46% (n = 1,718) with more than 12h. There was no influence of ASA physical score, age, sex, type of surgery, and type of hospital in the observed fasting time. Patients operated on due to a benign disease had a preoperative fasting time longer than those for cancer. Conclusion: The duration of preoperative fasting in Brazilian hospitals studied is greater than the prescribed. Most of these hospitals still adopt traditional rather than modern fasting guidelines and these the fasting time is longer. All patients are remained at risk for long periods of fasting, independent of the variables studied. Patients undergoing surgery for benign disease probably have increased risk of prolonged fasting.

<p><strong>Background: </strong>Myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery (MINS) increases the risk of 30-day mortality. Intraoperative hemodynamic events (i.e., tachycardia, bradycardia, hypotension, and hypertension) may contribute to developing MINS.</p> <p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine if the addition of the duration spent within predefined intraoperative systolic blood pressure (BP; mmHg) (i.e.,160-199 and ≥200) and heart rate (HR; bpm) (i.e.,100-140 and >140) hemodynamic bands improved the prediction of Day 1 MINS (i.e., postoperative troponin T elevation ≥0.03 ng/ml within the first day after surgery) beyond preoperative risk model prediction.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong> Prospective observational data was used to developed a baseline risk model to predict Day 1 MINS. Preoperative HR, systolic BP, and hemoglobin as well as intraoperative duration spent within each predefined hemodynamic band were explored to identify optimal thresholds for the prediction of Day-1 MINS. Preoperative variables were added to the baseline risk model to create a preoperative model. Intraoperative variables were then added to the preoperative risk model to create the final model. Models were compared using discrimination (c-statistic) and net reclassification index (NRI).</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Adding preoperative hemoglobin ≤105 g/dL, systolic BP110 improved baseline model discrimination (0.783 to 0.792, p5min; HR >100 for >147min; systolic BP59min and systolic BP >160 for >42min further improved discrimination (0.8; p</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Adding intraoperative hemodynamic durations significantly improved Day-1 MINS model discrimination and risk stratification compared to the baseline risk model.</p> / Master of Health Sciences (MSc)

Orientador: Paula Schmidt Azevedo Gaiolla / Resumo: Introdução: A atual mudança no perfil epidemiológico, com aumento da expectativa de vida mundial e no Brasil, contribui para o crescimento da população de idosos e consequentemente de ampliação do espectro das comorbidades destes. Adicionalmente, independentemente da idade, existe aumento de doenças crônicas associadas principalmente aos hábitos modernos. Esses fatores elevam os riscos de complicações durante e após as cirurgias. Por outro lado, nota-se ainda avanço no que diz respeito às propostas e técnicas anestésicas e cirúrgicas, cada vez menos invasivas e mais resolutivas, permitindo aos idosos e portadores de doenças crônicas, serem submetidos a diferentes procedimentos. Portanto, é crucial que seja realizada criteriosa avaliação perioperatória individualizada, visando prever, intervir e minimizar efeitos indesejados associados aos procedimentos cirúrgicos e aos fatores de risco individuais de cada paciente. Objetivo: O presente trabalho propõe a criação de protocolo, de ficha de atendimento e de Manual para guiar a avaliação e manejo perioperatório dos pacientes do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu. Metodologia: O método utilizado na pesquisa foi a busca avançada em inglês no banco de dados da Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs e Scielo dos termos: “Preoperative risk screening”; “Preoperative Cardiovascular risk stratification”, “Preoperative pulmonary risk stratification”, “perioperative management of the cirrhotic patient”, “perioperative renal care”,... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: The current change in the epidemiological profile, with an increase in life expectancy worldwide and in Brazil, contributes to the growth of the elderly population and, consequently, to a broader spectrum of their comorbidities. In addition, regardless of age, there is an increase in chronic diseases associated with modern habits. These factors raise the risk of complications during and after surgeries. On the other hand, there is still progress in regard to proposals and anesthetic and surgical techniques, which are becoming less invasive and more resolutive, allowing the elderly and patients with chronic diseases to undergo different procedures. Therefore, it is crucial that a careful individualized perioperative evaluation is performed, in order to predict, intervene and minimize unwanted effects associated with surgical procedures and individual risk factors of each patient. Objective: This paper proposes the creation of a protocol, an information sheet and a manual to guide the evaluation and perioperative management of patients at the Hospital das Clínicas, Botucatu Medical School. Methodology: The method used in the research was the advanced search in English in the database of Pubmed, Cochrane, Lilacs and Scielo of the terms: "Preoperative risk screening"; "Preoperative Cardiovascular risk stratification", "Preoperative pulmonary risk stratification", "perioperative management of the cirrhotic patient", "perioperative renal care", arranged in isolation a... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre