Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2002--Berlin.

Dissertação(mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia Clínica e Cultura. 2013. / Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2013-11-20T12:21:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_FaduaHelou.pdf: 1741198 bytes, checksum: 750b31eea0987f5a853709d52c44832a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Guimaraes Jacqueline(jacqueline.guimaraes@bce.unb.br) on 2013-11-20T12:59:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_FaduaHelou.pdf: 1741198 bytes, checksum: 750b31eea0987f5a853709d52c44832a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-20T12:59:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_FaduaHelou.pdf: 1741198 bytes, checksum: 750b31eea0987f5a853709d52c44832a (MD5) / Esta dissertação é uma pesquisa teórica de investigação de conceitos e ideias de Frederick Perls, de forma a contribuir para os estudos em Gestalt-terapia. Para manter o espírito da abordagem e para um estudo coerente com sua matriz, precisamos recorrer a estudos históricos e epistemológicos contextualizados, de forma a não se perder de vista a linha mestra e renovar o entendimento de seus conceitos filosóficos e científicos. A Gestalt-terapia nasceu com o movimento da contracultura americana e, dessa forma, se difundiu longe dos centros acadêmicos. Recentemente começaram a surgir estudos acadêmicos com a preocupação de sistematizar sua teoria. É nessa linha de pesquisa que esta dissertação se insere, ao empreender um estudo panorâmico da produção teórica de Frederick Perls (Berlim, 1983 – Chicago, 1970), fundador da abordagem gestáltica e um de seus principais divulgadores. A vida de Perls foi muito rica em experiências culturais, em um fervilhante ambiente de vanguarda das artes, da filosofia e da ciência europeia do início do século XX, e posteriormente, após pouco mais de uma década no exílio na África do Sul, nos agitados anos cinquenta e sessenta, nos centros dos movimentos de vanguarda americanos, principalmente Nova Iorque e Califórnia. Mas, apesar de lançar as bases da abordagem por meio de seus livros, seminários e workshops e ser responsável por suas principais conceituações, a obra de Perls é considerada fragmentária, apesar de sua inegável originalidade e força. Analisamos seus livros, iniciando com sua primeira obra, Ego, Fome e Agressão (1942/2002), até seu livro póstumo, A abordagem gestáltica (1973/2012a). O estudo contemplou o contexto cultural e o sistema teórico ao qual cada uma das obras está vinculada, em três períodos, representando propostas distintas: 1942, 1951 e 1969. Esta forma de análise aqui priorizada, que levou em conta o fator temporal, cultural e teórico, permitiu-nos destacar a pertinência de cada livro, seu tema, e objeto de estudo. Procuramos, nesse panorama, apontar qual a transição e as rupturas das propostas de Perls em cada um desses períodos e, de forma mais detalhada, examinamos a influência da Psicanálise sobre o pensamento de Perls. A partir desses estudos, pudemos propor a ideia de um fio condutor permeando sua trajetória teórica, como também tornou-se possível analisar comparativamente o que suas obras estabeleceram como teoria e proposta clínica. Esperamos com isso ter construído um exame compreensivo da trajetória teórica de Perls, a partir do estudo dos seus livros, de forma a recuperar o espírito de sua busca e produção. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This dissertation is a theoretical research on the concepts and ideas of Frederick Perls so as to improve the study of the Gestalt Therapy. Therefore, to keep in accordance with its central theory, it is necessary to resort to contextualized historic and epistemological literature in order not to lose track of its core route and to renovate the understanding of its scientific and philosophical concepts. Gestalt Therapy came to be with the American counterculture movement. Thus, it was disseminated and spread away from the academic centers. Recently, there have been academic studies whose objective is to systematize the Gestalt theory. Research, the very frame of this study, has offered a comprehensive overview of Frederick Perls' theoretical production (Berlin, 1983 - Chicago, 1970), being Frederick Perls himself the founder of Gestalt theory, as well as its main advertiser. Perls' life was very rich in cultural experiences, as he lived in an avant-garde European environment of the arts, philosophy, and science in the beginning of the 20th century. More than a decade later, he lived in South Africa while in exile. He also lived amongst the most vanguard American movements, mainly in New York and California, in the 50s and the 60s. Nevertheless, despite having launched the foundations of the Gestalt Therapy through his books, seminars and workshops, and having been held responsible for its main concepts, Perls' work, yet original and strong, is still considered fragmented. His first book, Ego, Hunger and Aggression (1942/2002), as well as his posthumous book, The Gestalt Approach (1973/2012a), have been used as a starting point to our analysis. This study, which considers the cultural context theory underling each of the works, links distinct propositions to three different periods: 1942, 1951, and 1969. This form of analysis prioritizes temporal, cultural and theoretical factors, allowing us to emphasize the relevance of each book, its theme and object of study. Within this panorama, we have attempted to focus on the transition and the ruptures of Perls' in each of these periods. Quite detailedly, we have tried to examine the influence of Psychoanalysis on Perls' line of thought. Likewise, we have sought to examine whether there is a common thread which permeates Perls' theoretical trajectory and what his works have established as theory and clinical proposal. It is our wish to have offered an in-depth study of Perls' theoretical route in the attempt to having recovered the real spirit of his search and production.

This study presents a topical and chronological analysis of the published works of Fritz Perls with particular attention to specified theoretical continua. The theoretical continua specified are: 1. Determinism vs. Free Will, 2. Unconscious vs. Conscious, 3. Monism vs. Dualism, A. Physical vs. Mental, 5. Nativism vs. Environmental ism, 6. Elementalism vs. Holism, 7. Reactive vs. Proactive, 8. Subjective vs. Objective, 9. Responsibility vs. Helplessness, 10. Thinking vs. Feeling, and 11. Heterostasis vs. Homeostasis. Each continuum is analyzed in reference to Perls' published thought and his stated beliefs are described and reported. Large sections of the dissertation are devoted to the intellectual, philosophical, and emotional influences that led Perls to write the theory of Gestalt therapy. The dissertation concludes with the report of Perls' position on each defined continuum, with discussion of empirical studies, Gestalt therapy and other major theories of counseling that hold parallel theoretical positions, concluding with a discussion of the limitations of the theory of Gestalt therapy and of this dissertation.