This work deals with the on-line identification of permanent magnet synchronous motor parameters. There is discussed the use of four different identification algorithms based on the least squares method and MRAS. The functionality of the algorithms is verified in Matlab - Simulink environment. Simulation results are compared in terms of rate and accuracy of identification, resistance to noise and other factors.

The topic of this diploma thesis is mathematical model of electric vehicle. The traction drive consists of Li-Ion battery, free-phase DC/AC converter and permanent magnet synchronous machine. The main goal of the thesis is development of function model and making simulations in SIMULINK/SIMSCAPE program. Work is divided into three main parts. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical description of the main drive components. The second part describes partial subsystems of the model. In the last part is build a complete model of electric vehicle and simulated different driving mode.

This master´s thesis deals with permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is part of hybrid system of Toyota Prius. You can find study of this motor in program FEMM in this thesis. Model of equivalent magnetic circuit and magnetic flux density are part of this work. There is also information about core losses.

The work is focused on the design of synchronous motor control with field weakening possibility. At present synchronous motors used in many applications. Often is used synchronous motor with permanent magnets. This type of motor may have different transverse and axial inductance. In most cases it is desirable to design the engine using a computer model. Therefore the synchronous motor described mathematically in order to create the model of motor. At work is also crated model of synchronous motor control. The control is designed for the highest possible speed range. Therefore, the motor control is consist of two parts. Speed is controlled by voltage in the first part. In the second part speed is controlled by field weakening. Everything is created and simulated in a computer program MATLAB-SIMULINK.

This thesis deals with design of optimal parameters of a relative displacement sensor, working on the electrodynamics principle. The sensor is based on the voltage induction to the coil placed in changing magnetic field. Thesis is divided into three parts: introductory, theoretical and practical. The introductory part provides basic relationships between displacement, velocity and acceleration sensors. The theoretical part contains physical concepts and describes relationships necessary for calculations and creating a model of permanent magnet in COMSOL Multiphysics. In thesis further presents patent research of electrodynamic sensors. The practical part describes the creation of the permanent magnet model and the subsequent calculation of the induced voltage in the coil in Matlab. A description of laboratory measurements follows, presenting the final comparison of the simulation and measurement results. There were found some differences, which might have been caused by incorrect calculation of the induced voltage. The final part of the thesis presents general recommendations for the design of sensor, resulting from simulations and measurements.

Algorithms of sensorless control of surface permanent magnet synchronous motors are discussed in the dissertation thesis. A method for position and speed estimation in high-speed region based on model reference adaptive system is described. Furthermore, classical approach using Kalman filtering was verified. Kalman filter expected the rotor speed to be constant as a modification of model using variable speed approach. These algorithms are not able to work at low speed region, thus a new method was proposed. This method is designed on extended Kalman filtering and uses the model which describes the stator inductance changes in - coordinates. At motor start, knowledge of initial rotor setup is required. The algorithm for initial rotor angle using high frequencies injected into the motor was proposed.

The purpose of this dissertation is to design identification methods for identifying a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The whole identification and motor control is carried out in d-q coordinates, and the program used for processing and control was the matlab simulink, together with the real time platform DSpace. The work focuses on two main areas of identification, off-line identification and on-line identification. For offline identification the frequency analysis was used with the lock rotor test to get three main parameters. They are the quadrature and direct inductances and stator resistance. In the online mode, the identified parameters were extended to magnet flux _f identified by MRAS method. The remaining parameters were again identified by frequency analysis, which was adapted into online mode, and simultaneously applied to the identification of several part in one time. The next method is Newton method, which is used for estimating stator resistance of the motor, without the need to apply any signal.

Axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) machines have recently attracted significant attention due to several reasons, such as their specific form factor, potentially higher torque density and lower losses, feasibility of increasing the number of poles, and facilitating innovative machine structures for emerging applications. One such machine design, which has promising, high efficiency particularly at higher speeds, is of the coreless AFPM type and has been studied in the dissertation together with more conventional AFPM topologies that employ a ferromagnetic core. A challenge in designing coreless AFPM machines is estimating the eddy current losses. This work proposes a new hybrid analytical and numerical finite element (FE) based method for calculating ac eddy current losses in windings and demonstrates its applicability for axial flux electric machines. The method takes into account 3D field effects in order to achieve accurate results and yet greatly reduce computational efforts. It is also shown that hybrid methods based on 2D FE models, which require semi-empirical correction factors, may over-estimate the eddy current losses. The new 3D FE-based method is advantageous as it employs minimum simplifications and considers the end turns in the eddy current path, the magnetic flux density variation along the effective length of coils, and the field fringing and leakage, which ultimately increases the accuracy of simulations. After exemplifying the practice and benefits of employing a combined design of experiments and response surface methodology for the comparative design of coreless and conventional AFPM machines with cores, an innovative approach is proposed for integrated design, prototyping, and testing efforts. It is shown that extensive sensitivity analysis can be utilized to systematically study the manufacturing tolerances and identify whether the causes for out of specification performance are detectable. The electromagnetic flux path in AFPM machines is substantially 3D and cannot be satisfactorily analyzed through simplified 2D simulations, requiring laborious 3D models for performance prediction. The use of computationally expensive 3D models becomes even more challenging for optimal design studies, in which case, thousands of candidate design evaluations are required, making the conventional approaches impractical. In this dissertation a new two-level surrogate assisted differential evolution multi-objective optimization algorithm (SAMODE) is developed in order to optimally and accurately design the electric machine with a minimum number of expensive 3D design evaluations. The developed surrogate assisted optimization algorithm is used to comparatively and systematically design several AFPM machines. The studies include exploring the effects of pole count on the machine performance and cost limits, and the systematic comparison of optimally designed single-sided and double-sided AFPM machines. For the case studies, the new optimization algorithm reduced the required number of FEA design evaluations from thousands to less than two hundred. The new methods, developed and presented in the dissertation, maybe directly applicable or extended to a wide class of electrical machines and in particular to those of the PM-excited synchronous type. The benefits of the new eddy current loss calculation and of the optimization method are mostly relevant and significant for electrical machines with a rather complicated magnetic flux path, such is the case of axial flux and of transvers flux topologies, which are a main subject of current research in the field worldwide.

This research work focuses on the reactive power compensation of the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PSG) in wind power plants. PSG feeds a fixed voltage dc grid through a rectifier bridge. In variable speed operation, the PSG will be able to build torque only in small speed range. This is due to the fixed magnet of the PSG. External reactive power compensation provides an attractive solution to overcome this problem. Different reactive power compensation configurations were examined. Statics synchronous series compensation and a shunt passive filter were chosen as a compensation method. Simulation and implementation of small wind power plant were performed. The wind power plant consists of the synchronous generator, inverter, rectifier, coupling transformers and shunt passive filter. The experimental results agree to the proposed theory and simulation results. / Der Schwerpunkt meiner Promotion ist die Blindleistungskompensation bei einem permanenterregten Synchrongenerator. Der Synchrongenerator speist das Gleichsspannungsnetz über ein Gleichrichter. In der Drehzahlvariablen Betriebsverhalten können Nachteile auftreten. Die Folge ist, dass bei konstanter Gleichspannung und fester Erregung durch die Permanenterregung nur ein sehr kleiner Drehzahlbereich mit vernünftiger Drehmomentausbeute bedienbar ist. Ein möglicher Ausweg wäre eine variable Kompensationsspannung. Verschiedene Kompensationsverfahren wurden untersucht. Ein Series Active Filter und ein Shunt Passive-Filter wurden als Blindleistungskompensation gewählt. Im Rahmen meiner Dissertation beschäftige ich mich mit dem Aufbau und der Simulation einer Windkraftanlage. Diese besteht aus einem permanenterregten Synchrongenerator, einem Wechselrichrter, einem Gleichrichter, drei Transformatoren und einem passiven Filter. Das Versuchsergebnis zeigt, dass die Theorie mit der Simulation übereinstimmt.

Aufgrund der sehr hohen magnetokristallinen Anisotropiekonstante eignet sich besonders die Phase SmCo5 für zukünftige Festplattenmedien mit hoher Speicherdichte. Durch die starke Oxidationsneigung und die gegebene chemischen Ähnlichkeit anderer Seltenen Erden ist es eine Herausforderung hartmagnetische SmCo-basierte Nanopartikel mittels Inertgaskondensation herzustellen. Zudem bestimmt die Oberflächenenergie maßgeblich die Eigenschaften von Nanopartikeln, sodass ein Element mit einer geringen solchen energetisch bevorzugt die Oberfläche bildet. Diese Arbeit zeigt auf, wie die sauerstoffbasierte Oxidation und die unterschiedlichen Oberflächenenergien der legierungsbildenden Elemente die Struktur, die Morphologie und die chemische Verteilung der Elemente innerhalb der Nanopartikel beeinflussen und so die Legierungsbildung einer hartmagnetischen Sm(Pr)Co-Phase steuern. Mithilfe von aberrationskorrigierter, hochauflösender Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie in Verbindung mit Elektronenenergieverlustspektroskopie werden Morphologie, Elementverteilung und Struktur von unterschiedlich hergestellten Sm(Pr)Co-Nanopartikeln untersucht und analysiert. Die auftretende Segregation der Seltenen Erden an die Oberfläche der Nanopartikel wird zum einen auf eine sauerstoffinduzierte, zum anderen auf eine intrinsische Segregation, also eine durch unterschiedliche Oberflächenenergien der legierungsbildenden Elementen hervorgerufene Segregation zurückgeführt. Anhand eines entwickelten geometrischen Modells wird zwischen den beiden Ursachen der Segregation unterschieden. Das Verständnis um die kausalen Zusammenhänge der Segregation lässt den Schritt zur Herstellung hartmagnetischer intermetallischer SmCo-basierter Nanopartikel zu. Hierzu werden speziell Nanopartikelagglomerate geformt und optisch in einem Lichtofen erhitzt, sodass die Primärpartikel in den Agglomeraten versintern und schließlich das resultierende sphärische Partikel kristallisiert. HRTEM-Aufnahmen und Elektronenbeugung bestätigen die erfolgreiche Herstellung von SmCo5- und Sm2Co17-basierten Nanopartikeln. Die Koerzitivfeldstärke dieser Partikelensembles beträgt 1,8T und einem Maximum in der Schaltfeldverteilung bei 3,6T. Die magnetischen Eigenschaften spiegeln die analysierten strukturellen, morphologischen und chemischen Eigenschaften der Nanopartikel wider.:1 Einleitung 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 2.1 Physikalische Nanopartikelsynthese aus der Gasphase 2.1.1 Nukleationsprozess und Thermodynamik 2.1.2 Partikelwachstum 2.1.3 Sintern 2.2 Segregation 2.3 Das Stoffsystem Samarium-Kobalt 2.4 Magnetische Eigenschaften 2.4.1 Magnetische Kristallanisotropie 2.4.2 Eindomänenteilchen nach dem Stoner-Wohlfarth-Modell 3 Experiment und Methode 3.1 Nanopartikelpräparation 3.1.1 Nukleationskammer 3.1.2 Justage des Lichtofens 3.2 Herstellung glatter Schichten 3.3 Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie 3.3.1 Elektronenenergieverlustspektroskopie (EELS) 3.3.2 Partikelstatistik 3.4 Magnetische Messung 3.4.1 Korrektur der Hystereseschleife 3.4.2 Reversible und irreversible Prozesse 4 Untersuchung der SmCo-Targets mittels XPS und AES 5 Untersuchung der hergestellten Schichten 5.1 AES- und XPS-Analysen 5.1.1 Schicht#1 und Schicht#5 5.1.2 Schicht#6 5.2 TEM-Untersuchung am Querschnitt der Schichten 6 SmCo-Nanopartikel hergestellt aus MaTecK-T1 6.1 Ungeheizte SmCo-Nanopartikel 6.2 Im Flug geheizte SmCo-Nanopartikel 6.2.1 Geometrisches Modell der (un)vollständigen Segregation 7 SmCo-Nanopartikel hergestellt aus Lesker-Target 7.1 Ungeheizte (SmPr)Co-Nanopartikel 7.2 Im Flug geheizte (SmPr)Co-Nanopartikel 7.2.1 Einstellung intermetallischer Phasen 8 Magnetische Eigenschaften der (SmPr)Co-Nanopartikel 9 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick A Anhang A.1 FEM-Simulation A.1.1 Modell und Grundlage der FEM-Simulation der Partikeltrajektorien A.1.2 Ergebnisse der FEM-Simulation