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Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus Oradectes, Diadectes absitus be referred to the new genus Silvadectes, and Diasparactus be synonymized with Diadectes to produce Diadectes zenos. The phylogenetic hypothesis also reveals an evolutionary history leading to more efficient oral processing within the lineage, with successive nodes characterized by features indicative of a high-fiber diet. Within Diadectomorpha, diadectids constitute the majority of the species, suggesting that the advent of herbivory resulted in a relatively rapid radiation of species within the group, producing a clade that is markedly more species-rich than other, non-herbivorous diadectomorph taxa. An extensive review of Permo-Carboniferous tetrapod-bearing localities does, however, indicate that diadectids were not a key component of the fauna, discovered at fewer than 50 percent of the sites reviewed. These results counter suggestions that the evolution of Diadectidae led to the formation of the modern terrestrial ecosystem—where a large crop of herbivores supports a much smaller number of carnivores—during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian.

Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus Oradectes, Diadectes absitus be referred to the new genus Silvadectes, and Diasparactus be synonymized with Diadectes to produce Diadectes zenos. The phylogenetic hypothesis also reveals an evolutionary history leading to more efficient oral processing within the lineage, with successive nodes characterized by features indicative of a high-fiber diet. Within Diadectomorpha, diadectids constitute the majority of the species, suggesting that the advent of herbivory resulted in a relatively rapid radiation of species within the group, producing a clade that is markedly more species-rich than other, non-herbivorous diadectomorph taxa. An extensive review of Permo-Carboniferous tetrapod-bearing localities does, however, indicate that diadectids were not a key component of the fauna, discovered at fewer than 50 percent of the sites reviewed. These results counter suggestions that the evolution of Diadectidae led to the formation of the modern terrestrial ecosystem—where a large crop of herbivores supports a much smaller number of carnivores—during the Late Carboniferous and Early Permian.

This study investigates the sedimenology and geochemistry of Permian glacial sediments cropping out in the Bacchus Marsh and Derrinal areas in central Victoria and in the subsurface beneath the Cainozoic Murray Basin in Victoria, New South Wales and South Australia. Facies analysis of the Bacchus Marsh Formation, based on a critical review of literature on glacial sedimentary processes and environments, identifies the following major facies groups: 1. Subglacial tillites deposited beneath wet-based ice. Some of these tillites exhibit structures indicative of a number of subglacial processes such as frictional lodgement of large clasts, subglacial bed deformation, subglacial meltwater flow and subglacial size sorting of clasts. Other subglacial tillites are essentially structureless. 2. Bedded diamictites to sandstones deposited predominantly by ice-rafting of debris into standing water. 3. Fluvial outwash sandstone and conglomorate facies that are finer-grained than typical proglacial outwash facies. 4. Deltas and subaqueous outwash fans vary from sandy sediments deposited by proglacial and subglacial streams to coarse, poorly sorted complexes deposited as debris aprons close to the ice front. Abundant underflow deposits suggest that less than normal marine salinities prevailed in these water bodies, even if they were arms of the sea. 5. Supraglacial tillites consisting of sandy diamictites to pebble conglomerates.

As análises palinológicas desenvolvidas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul estiveram, em sua maioria, relacionadas ao estudo das jazidas de carvão, resultando no reconhecimento de associações palinológicas vinculadas estreitamente às paleoturfeiras. Como resultado, o conhecimento das demais associações palinológicas permianas é menos detalhado, com efeito na compartimentação palinobioestratigráfica da Bacia do Paraná, tornando-se necessário aprimorar os limites das biozonas estabelecidas e compreender o melhor significado da sucessão bioestratigráfica. Esta tese compreende a análise palinológica dos poços HN-05-RS e HN-25-RS e de um afloramento localizados na região de Candiota – Hulha Negra, sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Um total de oito amostras foi coletado no afloramento (formações Rio Bonito e Palermo), enquanto 114 são referentes a amostras de subsuperfície, envolvendo o intervalo entre o Subgrupo Itararé à Formação Rio do Rasto. A análise palinológica permitiu a identificação de 143 espécies, incluindo esporos (64), grãos de pólen (67) e elementos microplanctônicos (12). As características qualitativas e quantitativas das associações recuperadas nos dois poços permitiram a proposição de três zonas de associação, designadas como: (i) Zona Granulatisporites austroamericanus – Vittatina saccata (GV), ocorrente entre o Subgrupo Itararé e topo da Formação Rio Bonito; (ii) Zona Lundbladispora braziliensis – Weylandites lucifer (LW), entre o topo da Formação Rio Bonito/base da Formação Palermo à porção média desta última; e (iii) Zona Thymospora thiesseni – Lueckisporites virkkiae (TL), entre a porção média da Formação Palermo à base da Formação Rio do Rasto. As distribuições dos táxons em cada uma dessas unidades são distintas das amplitudes apresentadas para a Bacia do Paraná em território brasileiro e encontram maiores similaridades com o zoneamento do norte do território uruguaio, de idades coevas. Na Bacia do Paraná, as zonas GV e LW são correlatas, grosso modo, à Zona V. costabilis, enquanto a Zona TL é correspondente à Zona L. virkkiae, ainda que divergências nos táxons tenham sido observadas. Por outro lado, as zonas GV, LW e TL são muito semelhantes às zonas estabelecidas no Uruguai, Cristatisporites inconstans – Vittatina subsaccata, de Intervalo de Lundbladispora e Striatoabieites anaverrucosus – Staurosaccites cordubensis, respectivamente, ainda inéditas. Adicionalmente, uma nova idade radiométrica foi obtida para a Formação Rio Bonito no afloramento estudado, onde foram reconhecidas as zonas de idade permiana V. costabilis (níveis C1 a C3, relativos ao topo da Formação iii Rio Bonito) e L. virrkiae (C4 a C8, correspondentes ao topo da Formação Rio Bonito à base da Formação Palermo). A idade de 281,4 ± 3,4 Ma é interpretada como a base da Zona Lueckisporites ou topo da Zona GV, conforme o conteúdo palinológico nas camadas acima e abaixo do nível de tonstein utilizado na datação. Ao confrontar esta datação absoluta com outras selecionadas para a bacia, o posicionamento das biozonas é proposto como segue: (i) Zona Granulatisporites austroamericanus – Vittatina saccata, entre o Asseliano à porção média do Artinskiano; (ii) Zona Lundbladispora braziliensis – Weylandites lucifer, Artinskiano Médio; e (iii) Zona Thymospora thiesseni – Lueckisporites virkkiae, datada como Artinskiano Médio/Superior ao Wordiano. / Mostly of the palynological analysis carried out in Rio Grande do Sul State is related to the study of the coal seams, which resulted in the recognition of palynological associations closely linked to swampy paleoenvironments. As result, other Permian palynogical associations are poorly defined, affecting the palynostratigraphic scheme developed to the Paraná Basin, which implies in necessities on improvement of the limits of those biozones and the better understanding on the meaning of the biostratigraphical succession. This thesis involves palynological studies on the HN-05-RS and HN-25-RS boreholes and one outcrop all located in Candiota – Hulha Negra region, southern Rio Grande do Sul. Eight samples was collected in the ouctcrop (corresponding to Rio Bonito and Palermo formations), while 114 samples corresponds to subsurface, related to the interval between the Itararé Subgroup and Rio do Rasto Formation. The palynological analysis allowed the recognition of 143 species among spores (64), pollen grains (67) and microplanktonic elements (12). The quantitative and qualitative aspects of the recovered associations in the boreholes enable the proposition of three association biozones, designated as: (i) Granulatisporites austroamericanus - Vittatina saccata Zone (GV), occurring between the Itararé Subgroup and topmost deposits of the Rio Bonito Formation, (ii) Lundbladispora braziliensis - Weylandites lucifer Zone (LW), from the top of Rio Bonito/base of the Palermo Formation to the middle portion of this last unit, and (iii) Thymospora thiesseni - Lueckisporites virkkiae Zone (TL), which occurs between the middle portion of Palermo-Formation to the base of Rio do Rasto Formation. The distribution of some taxa in each of these units are distinct from the know ranges presented to the Paraná Basin in the brazilian portion, and record more similarities with the biozone of northern Uruguay, of coeval ages. In the Paraná Basin, the GV and LW zones are roughly correlated to Zone V. costabilis, while the TL Zone corresponds to the L. virkkiae Zone, although differences in the taxa have been observed. Otherwise, the GV, LW and TL zones are very similar to the Uruguayan biozones, such as Cristatisporites inconstans - Vittatina subsaccata, Interval of Lundbladispora and Striatoabieites anaverrucosus - Staurosaccites cordubensis, respectively, although these are still unpublished. Moreover, a new radiometric age was obtained for the Rio Bonito Formation in the outcrop studied, in which was recognized the Permian biozones V. costabilis Zone ( C1-C3 levels, related to the topmost deposits of the Rio Bonito Formation) and L. virkkiae Zone (C4-C8 levels, between the topmost v Rio Bonito Formation and basal portion of the Palermo Formation). The age of 281.4 ± 3.4 Ma is interpreted as the base of Lueckisporites Zone or top of the GV Zone, according to the palynogical content related to the nearest layers of the tonstein used on the dating. Comparing this new absolute age with other selected datings for the basin, the positioning of biozones is proposed as follows: (i) Granulatisporites austroamericanus - Vittatina saccata Zone between the Middle Asselian to the Artinskian, (ii) Lundbladispora braziliensis - Weylandites lucifer Zone, Middle Artinskian, and (iii) Thymospora thiessen - Lueckisporites virkkiae Zone as Middle/Upper Artinskian to Wordian.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-12-01Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:43:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 tognoli_fmw_dr_rcla.pdf: 2467393 bytes, checksum: 266c2198d33d01d70f88787843e67770 (MD5) / Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis (ANP) / O Grupo Guatá foi alvo de um estudo detalhado ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná. Por meio da análise e descrição seqüencial de testemunhos e integração com dados de perfis, aproximadamente 100 poços foram analisados desde o norte do Estado do Paraná até a região centro-sul de Santa Catarina. As fácies foram agrupadas em sucessões de fácies, a partir das quais foram definidos os padrões de empilhamento do tipo progradante, retrogradante e agradante, que em conjunto definem os tratos de sistemas e conseqüentemente as seqüências deposicionais. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo de integração entre sedimentologia, icnologia e geoquímica, que definiu critérios para a identificação e interpretação de superfícies com significado estratigráfico regional. Isso possibilitou correlacionar com segurança poços ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná e mapear a distribuição das seqüências deposicionais de 3ª.e 4ª ordens. O arcabouço estratigráfico revelou que as seqüências são formadas pelos tratos de sistemas transgressivo e de mar alto ou apenas pelo trato de sistemas transgressivo. Notou-se também que as seqüências estão diretamente vinculadas aos principais lineamentos estruturais da bacia. Interpreta-se que as seqüências 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 foram soerguidas ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná, com sua expressão máxima na região do Arco de Ponta Grossa. Esse soerguimento gerou uma discordância angular com expressão regional sobre a qual foram depositadas as seqüências 6, 7 e 8. A seqüência 8 é marcada por subsidência entre os Alinhamentos do Rio Piquiri e São Jerônimo-Curiúva, contemporânea à deposição dos tratos de sistemas transgressivo e de trato de mar alto. / The Guatá Group was target of a detailed study along the eastern border of the Paraná Basin. Using integration of core description and well logs, approximately 100 wells were analyzed in Paraná and Santa Catarina states. Facies were grouped in facies successions, which allowed the recognition of the progradational, retrogradational and aggradational stacking patterns and, consequently, system tracts and depositional sequences. Moreover, it was performed an integration among sedimentology, ichnology and geochemistry as a way to obtain criteria for identifying and interpreting regional stratigraphic surfaces. This allowed a detailed correlation along the eastern border of Paraná Basin and the mapping of third and fourth order sequences. The stratigraphic framework has revealed sequences formed either by the transgressive and highstand system tracts or just by the transgressive one. The sequences are directly linked to the main structural linements of the basin. It is interpreted that sequences 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were uplifted along the eastern border of the basin, with the maximum expression in the region of the Ponta Grossa Arch. An angular unconformity was generated and sequences 6, 7 and 8 were deposited later in time. Sequence 8 was affected by subsidence between the Rio Piquiri and São Jerônimo-Curiúva linements, contemporaneous to deposition of the transgressive and highstand system tracts.

Orientador: Joel Carneiro de Castro / Banca: Ricardo da Cunha Lopes / Banca: Jorge Hachiro / Banca: Antonio Roberto Saad / Banca: José alexandre de Jesus Perinotto / Resumo: O Grupo Guatá foi alvo de um estudo detalhado ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná. Por meio da análise e descrição seqüencial de testemunhos e integração com dados de perfis, aproximadamente 100 poços foram analisados desde o norte do Estado do Paraná até a região centro-sul de Santa Catarina. As fácies foram agrupadas em sucessões de fácies, a partir das quais foram definidos os padrões de empilhamento do tipo progradante, retrogradante e agradante, que em conjunto definem os tratos de sistemas e conseqüentemente as seqüências deposicionais. Além disso, foi realizado um estudo de integração entre sedimentologia, icnologia e geoquímica, que definiu critérios para a identificação e interpretação de superfícies com significado estratigráfico regional. Isso possibilitou correlacionar com segurança poços ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná e mapear a distribuição das seqüências deposicionais de 3ª.e 4ª ordens. O arcabouço estratigráfico revelou que as seqüências são formadas pelos tratos de sistemas transgressivo e de mar alto ou apenas pelo trato de sistemas transgressivo. Notou-se também que as seqüências estão diretamente vinculadas aos principais lineamentos estruturais da bacia. Interpreta-se que as seqüências 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 foram soerguidas ao longo de toda a borda leste da Bacia do Paraná, com sua expressão máxima na região do Arco de Ponta Grossa. Esse soerguimento gerou uma discordância angular com expressão regional sobre a qual foram depositadas as seqüências 6, 7 e 8. A seqüência 8 é marcada por subsidência entre os Alinhamentos do Rio Piquiri e São Jerônimo-Curiúva, contemporânea à deposição dos tratos de sistemas transgressivo e de trato de mar alto. / Abstract: The Guatá Group was target of a detailed study along the eastern border of the Paraná Basin. Using integration of core description and well logs, approximately 100 wells were analyzed in Paraná and Santa Catarina states. Facies were grouped in facies successions, which allowed the recognition of the progradational, retrogradational and aggradational stacking patterns and, consequently, system tracts and depositional sequences. Moreover, it was performed an integration among sedimentology, ichnology and geochemistry as a way to obtain criteria for identifying and interpreting regional stratigraphic surfaces. This allowed a detailed correlation along the eastern border of Paraná Basin and the mapping of third and fourth order sequences. The stratigraphic framework has revealed sequences formed either by the transgressive and highstand system tracts or just by the transgressive one. The sequences are directly linked to the main structural linements of the basin. It is interpreted that sequences 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were uplifted along the eastern border of the basin, with the maximum expression in the region of the Ponta Grossa Arch. An angular unconformity was generated and sequences 6, 7 and 8 were deposited later in time. Sequence 8 was affected by subsidence between the Rio Piquiri and São Jerônimo-Curiúva linements, contemporaneous to deposition of the transgressive and highstand system tracts. / Doutor

As análises palinológicas desenvolvidas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul estiveram, em sua maioria, relacionadas ao estudo das jazidas de carvão, resultando no reconhecimento de associações palinológicas vinculadas estreitamente às paleoturfeiras. Como resultado, o conhecimento das demais associações palinológicas permianas é menos detalhado, com efeito na compartimentação palinobioestratigráfica da Bacia do Paraná, tornando-se necessário aprimorar os limites das biozonas estabelecidas e compreender o melhor significado da sucessão bioestratigráfica. Esta tese compreende a análise palinológica dos poços HN-05-RS e HN-25-RS e de um afloramento localizados na região de Candiota – Hulha Negra, sul do Rio Grande do Sul. Um total de oito amostras foi coletado no afloramento (formações Rio Bonito e Palermo), enquanto 114 são referentes a amostras de subsuperfície, envolvendo o intervalo entre o Subgrupo Itararé à Formação Rio do Rasto. A análise palinológica permitiu a identificação de 143 espécies, incluindo esporos (64), grãos de pólen (67) e elementos microplanctônicos (12). As características qualitativas e quantitativas das associações recuperadas nos dois poços permitiram a proposição de três zonas de associação, designadas como: (i) Zona Granulatisporites austroamericanus – Vittatina saccata (GV), ocorrente entre o Subgrupo Itararé e topo da Formação Rio Bonito; (ii) Zona Lundbladispora braziliensis – Weylandites lucifer (LW), entre o topo da Formação Rio Bonito/base da Formação Palermo à porção média desta última; e (iii) Zona Thymospora thiesseni – Lueckisporites virkkiae (TL), entre a porção média da Formação Palermo à base da Formação Rio do Rasto. As distribuições dos táxons em cada uma dessas unidades são distintas das amplitudes apresentadas para a Bacia do Paraná em território brasileiro e encontram maiores similaridades com o zoneamento do norte do território uruguaio, de idades coevas. Na Bacia do Paraná, as zonas GV e LW são correlatas, grosso modo, à Zona V. costabilis, enquanto a Zona TL é correspondente à Zona L. virkkiae, ainda que divergências nos táxons tenham sido observadas. Por outro lado, as zonas GV, LW e TL são muito semelhantes às zonas estabelecidas no Uruguai, Cristatisporites inconstans – Vittatina subsaccata, de Intervalo de Lundbladispora e Striatoabieites anaverrucosus – Staurosaccites cordubensis, respectivamente, ainda inéditas. Adicionalmente, uma nova idade radiométrica foi obtida para a Formação Rio Bonito no afloramento estudado, onde foram reconhecidas as zonas de idade permiana V. costabilis (níveis C1 a C3, relativos ao topo da Formação iii Rio Bonito) e L. virrkiae (C4 a C8, correspondentes ao topo da Formação Rio Bonito à base da Formação Palermo). A idade de 281,4 ± 3,4 Ma é interpretada como a base da Zona Lueckisporites ou topo da Zona GV, conforme o conteúdo palinológico nas camadas acima e abaixo do nível de tonstein utilizado na datação. Ao confrontar esta datação absoluta com outras selecionadas para a bacia, o posicionamento das biozonas é proposto como segue: (i) Zona Granulatisporites austroamericanus – Vittatina saccata, entre o Asseliano à porção média do Artinskiano; (ii) Zona Lundbladispora braziliensis – Weylandites lucifer, Artinskiano Médio; e (iii) Zona Thymospora thiesseni – Lueckisporites virkkiae, datada como Artinskiano Médio/Superior ao Wordiano. / Mostly of the palynological analysis carried out in Rio Grande do Sul State is related to the study of the coal seams, which resulted in the recognition of palynological associations closely linked to swampy paleoenvironments. As result, other Permian palynogical associations are poorly defined, affecting the palynostratigraphic scheme developed to the Paraná Basin, which implies in necessities on improvement of the limits of those biozones and the better understanding on the meaning of the biostratigraphical succession. This thesis involves palynological studies on the HN-05-RS and HN-25-RS boreholes and one outcrop all located in Candiota – Hulha Negra region, southern Rio Grande do Sul. Eight samples was collected in the ouctcrop (corresponding to Rio Bonito and Palermo formations), while 114 samples corresponds to subsurface, related to the interval between the Itararé Subgroup and Rio do Rasto Formation. The palynological analysis allowed the recognition of 143 species among spores (64), pollen grains (67) and microplanktonic elements (12). The quantitative and qualitative aspects of the recovered associations in the boreholes enable the proposition of three association biozones, designated as: (i) Granulatisporites austroamericanus - Vittatina saccata Zone (GV), occurring between the Itararé Subgroup and topmost deposits of the Rio Bonito Formation, (ii) Lundbladispora braziliensis - Weylandites lucifer Zone (LW), from the top of Rio Bonito/base of the Palermo Formation to the middle portion of this last unit, and (iii) Thymospora thiesseni - Lueckisporites virkkiae Zone (TL), which occurs between the middle portion of Palermo-Formation to the base of Rio do Rasto Formation. The distribution of some taxa in each of these units are distinct from the know ranges presented to the Paraná Basin in the brazilian portion, and record more similarities with the biozone of northern Uruguay, of coeval ages. In the Paraná Basin, the GV and LW zones are roughly correlated to Zone V. costabilis, while the TL Zone corresponds to the L. virkkiae Zone, although differences in the taxa have been observed. Otherwise, the GV, LW and TL zones are very similar to the Uruguayan biozones, such as Cristatisporites inconstans - Vittatina subsaccata, Interval of Lundbladispora and Striatoabieites anaverrucosus - Staurosaccites cordubensis, respectively, although these are still unpublished. Moreover, a new radiometric age was obtained for the Rio Bonito Formation in the outcrop studied, in which was recognized the Permian biozones V. costabilis Zone ( C1-C3 levels, related to the topmost deposits of the Rio Bonito Formation) and L. virkkiae Zone (C4-C8 levels, between the topmost v Rio Bonito Formation and basal portion of the Palermo Formation). The age of 281.4 ± 3.4 Ma is interpreted as the base of Lueckisporites Zone or top of the GV Zone, according to the palynogical content related to the nearest layers of the tonstein used on the dating. Comparing this new absolute age with other selected datings for the basin, the positioning of biozones is proposed as follows: (i) Granulatisporites austroamericanus - Vittatina saccata Zone between the Middle Asselian to the Artinskian, (ii) Lundbladispora braziliensis - Weylandites lucifer Zone, Middle Artinskian, and (iii) Thymospora thiessen - Lueckisporites virkkiae Zone as Middle/Upper Artinskian to Wordian.

Orientador: Fresia Soledad Ricardi Branco / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T03:28:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Faria_RafaelSouzade_D.pdf: 6101775 bytes, checksum: 31b791a8495ac24c1ebca52267bb2787 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A típica Flora de Glossopteris, que caracteriza o registro paleobotânico do Permiano da Bacia do Paraná possui como um importante componente os lenhos fósseis coniferóides. Aqui foram tomadas sete localidades do estado de São Paulo, de afloramentos da Formação Irati e da Formação Teresina, para as quais se estudaram os lenhos coniferóides encontrados. Os espécimes variam dentre lenhos associados ao corpo primário preservado e lenhos sem associação ao corpo primário preservado (traqueidóxilos). São descritos três taxa com base nos espécimes de lenho com corpo primário associado (todos da Formação Irati):Solenopitys rusticanaMussa, AbietopitysKräusel sp. e Atlanticoxylon bortoluzzii (Guerra) comb. nov. Além da combinação nova proposta, é também sugerida uma emenda ao morfogênero AtlanticoxylonMussa. Para os traqueidóxilos foram descritos cinco taxa (os três primeiros da Formação Irati e os dois últimos da Formação Teresina): AgathoxylonHartig, BrachyoxylonHollick etJeffrey, ProtobrachyoxylonHoldensp. 1, ProtobrachyoxylonHoldensp. 2 e ProtobrachyoxylonHoldensp. 3. A taxonomia dos traqueidóxilosutilizou-se de uma abordagem quantitativa associada à tradicional taxonomia baseada apenas em caracteres qualitativos. Optou-se por não classificar os espécimes formalmente além do nível genérico pelo confuso histórico da taxonomia de traqueidóxilos fósseis e para evitar uma inflação no número de taxa.Há evidências de xeromorfismo nos lenhos estudados: falsos anéis e interrupções do crescimento. Estas corroboram, junto de evidências sedimentológicas, a hipótese de que os ambientes deposicionais das formações Irati e Teresina estão associados à predominância de um clima árido. As evidências xeromórficas podem ainda ser relacionadas à presença de hifas fossilizadas em alguns dos espécimes coletados em Angatuba (Formação Teresina). A proliferação de fungos nos lenhos junto das condições de estresse hídrico retrata um momento de "tempos difíceis" para tais plantas. A fenologia foliar das coníferas retratadas pelos lenhos descritos foi também analisada e aponta para a Formação Irati a presença de uma comunidade vegetal majoritariamente composta de coníferas perenifólias, mas com alguns elementos decíduos, enquanto na Formação Teresina os dados sugerem uma comunidade quase estritamente composta de árvores perenifólias, com menos elementos decíduos. Por fim, os lenhos retratados apresentam similaridades anatômicas com os espécimes encontrados em camadas correlatas do Grupo Ecca, da Bacia do Karoo / Abstract: The Glossopteris Flora, which characterizes the palaeobotanical record of the Permian of the Paraná Basin, has as a significant component the fossil wood related to the Coniferales. Here, seven localities in the state of São Paulo, from outcrops of the Irati Formation and Teresina Formation where conifer fossil wood are found have been studied. Among the specimens, there are both fossil wood with primary body associated and with no primary body associated (tracheidoxyls). The specimens with primary body associated (all from Irati Formation) are included in the following taxa: Solenopitys rusticanaMussa, AbietopitysKräusel sp. and Atlanticoxylon bortoluzzii (Guerra) comb. nov. In addition to the new combination, an emended diagnosis of the morphogenus AtlanticoxylonMussais suggested. The tracheidoxyls studied are included in the following taxa: AgathoxylonHartig, BrachyoxylonHollick etJeffrey, ProtobrachyoxylonHoldensp. 1, ProtobrachyoxylonHoldensp. 2 e ProtobrachyoxylonHoldensp. 3. The taxonomy of the tracheidoxyls was not only based on a tradicional qualitative analysis, but used a quantitative approach. We preferred not to formally classify the specimens beyond the generic level in face of the confusing history of fossil tracheidoxyl taxonomy and to avoid an inflation of the number of taxa. There is evidence of xeromorphy in the wood analyzed suchas false growth rings and growth interruptions. These adaptations corroborate, along with the sedimentological data, the hypothesis of arid conditions on the deposition of the Irati and Teresina formations. The xeromorphic evidence may also be related to the presence of fossilized hyphae on some of the specimens collected in Angatuba (Teresina Formation). The fungi proliferation on the wood along with the xeromorphic features indicate that such plants grew in "hard times". The analysis of the leaf phenology of the conifers studied here shows a community majorly represented by evergreen trees for the Irati Formation, but with some deciduous elements. On the other side, in the Teresina Formation, the analysis shows an almost entirely evergreen community, with less deciduous trees than in the Irati Formation. Finally, the wood studied here show anatomic similarities with the wood found in the Ecca Group, in the Karoo Basin / Doutorado / Geologia e Recursos Naturais / Doutor em Ciências

The Carboniferous-Permian Grant Group of the Canning Basin, Western Australia, was deposited during the Late Palaeozoic Ice Age. This study utilises extensive seismic and well data to improve understanding of the controls on depositional style and architecture of the Grant Group. The study is based on 12 2D seismic surveys acquired between 1981 and 1990 on the Crossland Platform, Barbwire Terrace and Fitzroy Trough, and a newly acquired 3D seismic data on the Lennard Shelf, integrated with data from 66 exploration/appraisal wells. Particular focus has been on the structural evolution of the Canning Basin and its influence on Grant group deposition, the complex morphology of the Base Grant unconformity, and recognition of evidence for glacial environments from seismic and well data. Previous workers subdivided the Grant Group into the lower Reeves Formation and upper Grant Group. In this study the Reeves Formation is interpreted to be clearly a separate stratigraphic unit, defined as a syn-rift sequence restricted to the Fitzroy Trough. It records a growth of more than 1870 m toward the Fenton Fault. Movement along the Devonian-Carboniferous extensional faults is interpreted to have ceased prior to the deposition of the Grant Group. An angular unconformity observed at the base of the Reeves Formation is interpreted to be evidence for the middle Carboniferous Meda Transpressional Movement. Two large compressional anticlines underlying the Reeves Formation can be associated with a left-lateral bend in the Fenton Fault. The transpressional movement is interpreted to be characterised by a dominant dextral strike-slip movement. The event separates two major extensional phases of the Devonian-Carboniferous faults, the Devonian-Lower Carboniferous Pillara Extension and the Upper Carboniferous Point Moody Extension. The overlying Grant Group was deposited during a post-rift sag phase. Minor displacement of the Grant Group, associated with some faults, is the result of the later reactivation caused by the Triassic-Jurassic Transpressional Movement. The cessation of faulting prior to the Grant Group deposition supports the interpretation that the extensive diamictites observed throughout the Canning Basin are most-likely glacial in origin and not related to faulting. The base Grant Group Unconformity is observed to be a complex surface that develops as a result of a variety of processes, including faulting, salt dissolution and glacial erosion. Localised thickening of the older Worral Formation produces discrete topographic highs that dominate the Broome-Crossland Platform. They are interpreted to have formed initially as local depressions associated with subsurface dissolution of underlying Mallowa Salt. This resulted in deposition of a thickened Worral at these locations. Later partial dissolution of salt at the margins of these structures occurred prior to the Grant Group deposition, evident from reflector onlap onto these so called “Worral Sombreros” within the lower most part of the Grant Group. Later complete removal of salt, resulted in post depositional deformation of the Grant. The Grant Group can be divided into a number of formations, that have been correlated and mapped throughout the study area and their seismic facies interpreted to improve understanding of the depositional environments and evolution. The basal Betty Formation (≈80-500 m) consists predominantly of sandstone with thick intervals of diamictite and conglomerate and minor mudstone. Seismic interpretation in this study, together with integrated well analysis, supports previous studies that suggest it was deposited during repeated cycles of glacial advance and retreat. At least four cycles can be defined from this study, based on recognition of major erosional surfaces on the Lennard Shelf. The Winifred Formation (≈25-110 m) is mudstone dominated interval with minor sandstones, deposited during a major deglaciation. The Carolyn Formation (≈60-450 m) consists of massive and cross-bedded sandstones with thin intervals of mudstone. This study has recognised for the first time two probable glacial intervals restricted to the Lennard Shelf and Fitzroy Trough during deposition of Carolyn Formation. Detailed mapping has identified NW-SE to N-S oriented channels and palaeo-valleys systems, interpreted based on their character, to be formed sub-glacially by melt water. This extends the glacial influence in the basin to the end of the Grant group and these results provide valuable data on the influence of structural evolution and ice sheet dynamic and distribution within the Canning Basin. New information on the depositional architecture of the Grant Group also improves understanding of the potential for reservoir development with a section that has proven hydrocarbon potential.