O presente trabalho investiga a criatividade no contexto da inovação nas organizações. Em diversos campos da vida humana a criatividade tem sido uma questão relevante, em função da complexidade das soluções exigidas em situações e ambientes marcados pelas incertezas, ausência de modelos ou paradigmas e falência de outros. Na esfera dos negócios e das organizações é exatamente esta ambiência que caracteriza o cenário atual, onde predomina a demanda por inovação como fator competitivo. A criatividade surge, então, como força motriz para as inovações, fundamento de sua qualidade e fator diferencial frente aos desafios e problemas do cotidiano e dos negócios. Entendida como potencialidade sempre presente no ser humano, quando aliada à atitude e à ação empreendedora, a criatividade é capaz de contribuir para a inovação. A relação entre criatividade e inovação é aqui estudada, tendo como foco da análise a gênese de empreendimentos inovadores, pois, embora seja conhecida a necessidade de inovar, as organizações devem lidar permanentemente com a chamada ambidestria organizacional, caracterizada como a simultaneidade da manutenção e da inovação de seu negócio. Mesmo reconhecendo necessidade de inovação para garantir o sucesso dos negócios, sua implementação depende da legitimação por parte dos agentes de reconhecimento e sua viabilização, de contextos burocráticos, resistentes e cegos. A investigação foi apoiada em estudo empírico, que teve como sujeitos pessoas que tiveram projetos criativos recusados pelas organizações em que trabalhavam e que, sem abandonar suas idéias, criaram empresas próprias, revelando, nesse processo, a criatividade pessoal, a resiliência, o empreendedorismo e a causalidade pessoal. / This thesis aims at investigating creativity within the context of innovation in organizations. Creativity is a relevant issue in several realms of human life if the requirements stemming from situations and environments characterized by uncertainties, lack or failure of paradigms and models are concerned. This is the prevailing status of innovation nowadays, a condition of competition. Creativity emerges as crucial element of innovation, rooting its quality and differentiating its outcomes. Understood as a potential ever present in human beings, creativity when aligned with entrepreneurship is enabled to contribute to innovation. Here, the relationship between creativity and innovation is scrutinized through the lens of the genesis of innovative entrepreneurship since the recognition of the need of innovation does not free organizations from the manning of the traditional and the new - organizational ambidextry. Although the recognition of innovation is required by the business effectiveness, its implementation relies on legitimacy on the part of organizational agents as well as its achievement faces bureaucracy, resistance and blindness. The analysis here carried out was supported by empirical data surveyed through individuals whose creative projects were rebuked by the enterprises where they had worked. Without giving up their ideas they settled their own enterprises to carry out their projects thus putting into light the creative process grounded on resilience, personal causation and entrepreneurship. In many of the fields of human life creativity has emerged more frequently as a relevant theme of study, due to the complexity of the solutions demanded in situations and environments characterized by uncertainty, absence of frameworks or paradigms and xi breakdown of others. In business and organizational sphere, thats exactly the ambience of present scenario, in which demand for innovation is prevalent as a competitive factor. Creativity comes up, then, as a requisite for innovation, differential element when facing challenges and problems of daily life and business. Assumed as a human potential always present, when allied to entrepreneurial attitude and action, creativity is capable to contribute to innovation. The relationship between creativity and innovation is studied, focused on the genesis of innovative enterprises, because, even knowing the necessity of innovate, organizations have to deal permanently with the so called organizational ambidestry, characterized by simultaneity of maintenance and innovation of the business. Even recognizing that innovation is necessary to guarantee success of business, organizations and society, implementation of any innovative process depend upon facing agents of recognition, in charge of identifying and authorizing it as a way of doing and of making in a certain environment and, for that, the tradition of taylorist and bureaucratic models of management is, sometimes, cause of blindness. The success threat is one of the contingent factors of their refusal of creative proposals, potentially innovative. This factor relates to organizational culture and its flexibility and openness to the new. Present investigation was supported by empirical study, with subjects whose projects were refused by organizations to which they worked for who, then, decided to create own organizations, revealing not only resilience, but, especially, personal causality.

O presente trabalho investiga a criatividade no contexto da inovação nas organizações. Em diversos campos da vida humana a criatividade tem sido uma questão relevante, em função da complexidade das soluções exigidas em situações e ambientes marcados pelas incertezas, ausência de modelos ou paradigmas e falência de outros. Na esfera dos negócios e das organizações é exatamente esta ambiência que caracteriza o cenário atual, onde predomina a demanda por inovação como fator competitivo. A criatividade surge, então, como força motriz para as inovações, fundamento de sua qualidade e fator diferencial frente aos desafios e problemas do cotidiano e dos negócios. Entendida como potencialidade sempre presente no ser humano, quando aliada à atitude e à ação empreendedora, a criatividade é capaz de contribuir para a inovação. A relação entre criatividade e inovação é aqui estudada, tendo como foco da análise a gênese de empreendimentos inovadores, pois, embora seja conhecida a necessidade de inovar, as organizações devem lidar permanentemente com a chamada ambidestria organizacional, caracterizada como a simultaneidade da manutenção e da inovação de seu negócio. Mesmo reconhecendo necessidade de inovação para garantir o sucesso dos negócios, sua implementação depende da legitimação por parte dos agentes de reconhecimento e sua viabilização, de contextos burocráticos, resistentes e cegos. A investigação foi apoiada em estudo empírico, que teve como sujeitos pessoas que tiveram projetos criativos recusados pelas organizações em que trabalhavam e que, sem abandonar suas idéias, criaram empresas próprias, revelando, nesse processo, a criatividade pessoal, a resiliência, o empreendedorismo e a causalidade pessoal. / This thesis aims at investigating creativity within the context of innovation in organizations. Creativity is a relevant issue in several realms of human life if the requirements stemming from situations and environments characterized by uncertainties, lack or failure of paradigms and models are concerned. This is the prevailing status of innovation nowadays, a condition of competition. Creativity emerges as crucial element of innovation, rooting its quality and differentiating its outcomes. Understood as a potential ever present in human beings, creativity when aligned with entrepreneurship is enabled to contribute to innovation. Here, the relationship between creativity and innovation is scrutinized through the lens of the genesis of innovative entrepreneurship since the recognition of the need of innovation does not free organizations from the manning of the traditional and the new - organizational ambidextry. Although the recognition of innovation is required by the business effectiveness, its implementation relies on legitimacy on the part of organizational agents as well as its achievement faces bureaucracy, resistance and blindness. The analysis here carried out was supported by empirical data surveyed through individuals whose creative projects were rebuked by the enterprises where they had worked. Without giving up their ideas they settled their own enterprises to carry out their projects thus putting into light the creative process grounded on resilience, personal causation and entrepreneurship. In many of the fields of human life creativity has emerged more frequently as a relevant theme of study, due to the complexity of the solutions demanded in situations and environments characterized by uncertainty, absence of frameworks or paradigms and xi breakdown of others. In business and organizational sphere, thats exactly the ambience of present scenario, in which demand for innovation is prevalent as a competitive factor. Creativity comes up, then, as a requisite for innovation, differential element when facing challenges and problems of daily life and business. Assumed as a human potential always present, when allied to entrepreneurial attitude and action, creativity is capable to contribute to innovation. The relationship between creativity and innovation is studied, focused on the genesis of innovative enterprises, because, even knowing the necessity of innovate, organizations have to deal permanently with the so called organizational ambidestry, characterized by simultaneity of maintenance and innovation of the business. Even recognizing that innovation is necessary to guarantee success of business, organizations and society, implementation of any innovative process depend upon facing agents of recognition, in charge of identifying and authorizing it as a way of doing and of making in a certain environment and, for that, the tradition of taylorist and bureaucratic models of management is, sometimes, cause of blindness. The success threat is one of the contingent factors of their refusal of creative proposals, potentially innovative. This factor relates to organizational culture and its flexibility and openness to the new. Present investigation was supported by empirical study, with subjects whose projects were refused by organizations to which they worked for who, then, decided to create own organizations, revealing not only resilience, but, especially, personal causality.

This master thesis deals with infertility and its treatment. Both in the theoretical and empirical part, it focuses on the female aspects of the issue. The theoretical part summarizes the knowledge which is important to understand the presented problems. We define the terms; we describe the psychological and physiological causes of infertility, the process of treatment of infertility and aspects thereof. We focus on the role of stress and the strategies of coping with stress related to infertility and its treatment; furthermore, we deal with personal causality orientation related to the experienced level of stress as one of the determinants of coping with stress. Our aim in the empirical part is to describe the use of strategies of coping with stress within the sample of women acquired by us, the distribution of personal causality orientation of these women and to capture the possible connections. The sample is made of 57 women who are currently undergoing a treatment for infertility. To collect the data, we used the SVF 78 Inventory, the DOPO Questionnaire of the Personal Causality Orientation and a self-developed anamnestic questionnaire. Based on acquired data, we established some specificity in the use of strategies of coping with stress and the distribution of personal causality orientation...

(in English) This master thesis deals with themes of motivations and compliance to treatment recommendations in outpatient physiotherapy. In the theoretical section it brings an introduction to the issue of adherence as a part of medical rehabilitation. It sheds some light on the importance of the research in this field and structures its span according to prescribed diagnoses and other criteria. It also shows distinctions in concepts of compliance, concordance and adherence and summarizes the findings of the most relevant directions of motivation research in this area of study. The aim of the empirical part is to capture relations between the distribution of patients' personal causality orientation and their adherence to treatment, along with others, e.g. demographic variables. The analysis of 113 patients' questionnaires showed that there is a statistically significant relation between both the internal and external causality orientation and the degree of adherence.

(in English) This master thesis deals with themes of motivations and compliance to treatment recommendations in outpatient physiotherapy. In the theoretical section it brings an introduction to the issue of adherence as a part of medical rehabilitation. It sheds some light on the importance of the research in this field and structures its span according to prescribed diagnoses and other criteria. It also shows distinctions in concepts of compliance, concordance and adherence and summarizes the findings of the most relevant directions of motivation research in this area of study. The aim of the empirical part is to capture relations between the distribution of patients' personal causality orientation and their adherence to treatment. Based on the results of a DOPO method, self-assessment of adherence and evaluation of adherence by the treating physiotherapist, from the sample of 69 patients it concludes, that there is no statistically significant relation between the aforementioned variables.