No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This study was undertaken to try to determine of objective measurement of certain personality traits would indicate that music students are characterized by marked differences in personality make-up. In carrying out this investigation, a group of 100 music students and a control group of the same size were used. The type of measurement used was of such objective nature that evaluations could be made by other persons on identically the same trait indicators as were used in securing information from the person himself. The fact is of great importance, as it makes possible an evaluation of a person's personality by the group in which he is striving for social acceptance. Data for this study were obtained at North Texas State Teachers College during the spring semester of 1946, using cases from the Music Department and the remainder of the college for the two groups.

Cognitive ability, personality and interests are three distinct topics of investigation for psychology. In the past two decades, however, there have been growing appeals for research and theories that address the overlap among these domains (Ackerman & Heggestad, 1997; Armstrong, Day, McVay, & Rounds, 2008). One example of such a theory is PPIK theory (intelligence-as-process, personality, interests, and intelligence-as-knowledge) by Ackerman (1996). Integrative theories have the potential of not only increasing our theoretical understanding of the development of these individual differences, but of and improving vocational guidance through better prediction of future occupation (Armstrong, Su, & Rounds, 2011; Johnson & Bouchard, 2009). The research of this thesis was centered on examining the links among cognitive ability, personality and interests. The data came from Project TALENT (PT), a nationally-representative sample of approximately 400,000 American high school students from 1960 (Flanagan et al., 1962). A secondary topic was whether an integrated view could improve the prediction of attained occupation. This was tested with occupational data from follow-up PT surveys, conducted 11 years after high school. The first study addressed the structure of the PT intelligence tests. Three popular models of intelligence were compared through factor analysis: the Extended Fluid-Crystallized (Gf-Gc), Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) and Verbal- Perceptual-Image Rotation (VPR) models. The VPR model provided the best fit to the data. The second study was an investigation of linear and nonlinear intelligence-personality associations in Project TALENT. The ten PT personality scales were related to the Big Five personality factors through content examination, consistent with previous research (Reeve, Meyer, & Bonaccio, 2006). Through literature review of studies on intelligence and the Big Five, 17 hypotheses were made about linear associations and quadratic associations of personality traits with general intelligence (g). The majority of the hypotheses were supported in all four grade samples: 53% in male samples, and 58% in female samples. The most notable finding, contrary to previous research, was that quadratic associations explained substantive variance above and beyond linear effects for Sociability, Maturity, Vigor and Leadership in males, and Sociability, Maturity and Tidiness in females. The third study examined associations between cognitive ability and interests, and their capacity to predict occupational type. Specifically, Ackerman’s PPIK theory suggests that there are two “trait complexes” that are combinations of cognitive abilities and interests (termed science/math and intellectual/cultural). Trait complexes were derived from PT data separately by latent class analysis and factor analysis. It was hypothesized that they should have validity equal to or greater than individual intelligence and interests scores in predicting attained occupation. Instead, trait complexes derived through latent class analysis predicted substantially less variance in occupation than individual scales. The factor-analytic trait complexes performed more like the scales, but one trait complex (which involved g centrally) was inconsistent with PPIK theory. Overall, the trait complexes of PPIK theory were not supported. The results of the three studies are discussed in the context of existing integrative theories, and suggestions for future research are provided.

Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University, 2006. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographic references.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Charles N. Morris. Dissertation Committee: Jean Pierre Jordaan. Includes bibliographical references.

No description available.

One purpose of this study was to investigate what personality and demographic characteristics of counselor-trainees would predict counselor effectiveness, and therefore could be considered as valid selection criteria for prospective counselor-trainees. Eight doctoral students in counseling were trained to use an established research instrument, The Carkhuff-Berenson Scales. Their mean ratings on the five scales measuring Empathic Understanding; Concreteness; Respect; Facilitative Genuineness and Gross Ratings of Facilitative Interpersonal Functioning served as one criterion of counselor effectiveness. Practicum supervisors' ratings on a relatively new instrument, the Counselor Evaluation Rating Scale (CERS) served as another criteria. The CERS provided three effectiveness scores--counseling, supervision and a cumulative score. Another purpose of the study was to validate the CERS as a measure of counselor effectiveness by investigating the degree of association and agreement between CERS ratings and Carkhuff-Berenson Scale ratings.The Edwards Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS), Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF) and Rokeach Dogmatism Scale, used as personality measures, were administered to 41 counselor-trainees in practicum the first week of the quarter. Raters rated all trainees on three, three-minute excerpts from an audiotape made with a client the eighth week of practicum. Supervisors completed the CERS, indicated the grade earned and their recommendation for a counseling position for each counselor-trainee in their practicum at the end of the quarter.An earlier study (Murphy, 1971) was replicated to investigate whether similar counselor-trainee characteristics would predict effectiveness for a new population. Following Murphy's procedures, five multiple regression equations were computed separately for the EPPS and the 16 PF when the Carkhuff-Berenson Scale scores were the criteria. Best subtest predictors were chosen that predicted at least two percent of the variation on the criterion. Little or no agreement was found between the findings of Murphy and the findings of the present study. Using a Pearson Product Moment correlation, both studies found that the Rokeach Dogmatism Scale failed to predict with statistical significance effectiveness on any of the Carkhuff-Berenson Scales.For questions not concerned with replication, a best set of predictors was selected from all possible predictors. All predictors were considered simultaneously in a multiple regression equation for each criterion. Care was taken to eliminate predictors which were not significant at each step of the regression.When the Carkhuff-Berenson Scale scores were the criteria of effectiveness, the predictive characteristics and the scales they predicted were:1. fewer years of teaching experience--empathy, genuineness, concreteness and gross ratings.2. absence of teaching experience--respect.3. lower needs for achievement (EPPS-ach)--empathy, genuineness, and concreteness.4. more imaginativeness (16 PF - M)--genuineness and concreteness.5. sex of the counselor-trainee (female)--empathy, respect, and gross facilitativeness.When the three CERS scores were the criteria of effectiveness, the predictive characteristics and the scales they predicted were:1. fewer years of teaching experience--all three effectiveness scales.2. lower needs for endurance (EPPS - end)--effectiveness in counseling.3. more self-sufficiency, resourcefulness (16 PF Q2)-effectiveness in counseling.4. more autonomy (EPPS - aut)--effectiveness in supervision and cumulative ratings.5. more self-assurance, confidence (16 PF - 0)--all three effectiveness scales.When a "Yes" recommendation for a counseling position was the criterion, the following characteristics predicted effectiveness:1. fewer years of teaching experience.2. more confidence and self-assurance (16 PF - 0).When the grade earned in practicum was the criterion, the following characteristics predicted effectiveness:1. fewer years of teaching experience.2. more confidence and self-assurance (16 PF - 0). 3. more self-sufficiency and resourcefulness (16 PF Q2).Using a Pearson Product Moment Correlation the degree of association between the ratings on the Carkhuff-Berenson Scales and CERS was found not to be high.Using a K statistic the degree of agreement between the ratings on the Carkhuff-Berenson Scales and CERS was found to be greater than chance, but only moderately so.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the personality traits of an individual as measured by a standardized personality test instrument and the vocational interest patterns as measured by a standardized vocational interest test. An attempt was made to determine if these identifiable personality traits were related to the ten reordered vocational clusters by means of a simple analysis of variance technique. In order to achieve this purpose, the following hypothesis was developed for investigation: There would be significant differences among the ten vocational clusters identified by the SVIB (Technical Cluster, Intellectual Cluster, Scientific Cluster, Business Cluster, Social Service Cluster, Creative Cluster, Office-Clerical Cluster, Sales Cluster, Concrete Transactions Cluster, and Physical Cluster) on the personality traits as measured by the 16 PF Questionnaire (Sizothymia- Affectothymia, Intelligence, Emotionality-Ego Strength, Submissiveness-Dominance, Desurgency-Surgency, Superego Strength, Threctia-Parmia, Alaxia-Protension, Praxernia-Autia, Artlessness-Shrewdness, Adequacy-Apprehension, Conservatism- Radicalism, Adherence-Self Sufficiency, Integration of Self Concept, and Ergic Tension).