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Orientador: William Dias Belangero / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T22:08:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dias_JulianaLacerda_M.pdf: 4031658 bytes, checksum: f75b1019fe57d6ade3e83a388f944476 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Durante o período de um ano foi coletado, em três momentos (dia zero, após seis e12 meses), o podograma do pé direito e esquerdo de 131 crianças saudáveis, com idades de um a sete anos oriundas de duas creches da Cidade Universitária de Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo. De cada um dos 786 podogramas foi calculado o índice de Chippaux-Smirak, classificado de acordo com o critério de Volpon modificado e calculado a área da impressão plantar. Para o cálculo da área os podogramas foram digitalizados com resolução de 75dpi em tons de cinza e as imagens salvas em formato bmp. O cálculo da área foi feito em três fases: segmentação; delimitação do contorno da imagem; dimensionamento da imagem em pixels. O calculo final da área foi obtido pela multiplicação do número de pixels pela área de um pixel (0,001156 cm2). Foram definidas duas medidas de área, uma denominada de Total e outra de Restrita. O objetivo foi verificar se a medida digital dessas áreas tinha a mesma capacidade de diagnóstico e discernimento que o índice de Chippaux-Smirak para o estudo do desenvolvimento do arco longitudinal medial do pé em crianças. A análise da medida do índice Chippaux-Smirak e da classificação de Volpon em cada faixa etária ao longo de um ano e de todos os podogramas em função da idade permitiu concluir que a formação do arco plantar longitudinal inicia-se aos três anos, torna-se mais evidente aos cinco, mas não se completa até os sete. Embora a medida da área Total e Restrita tenha aumentado proporcionalmente com a idade e com o comprimento do pé, foi observado melhor associação da área Restrita com o índice de Chippaux-Smirak (R= 0,39 R2 =0,15). No entanto, não foi possível obter-se valores discriminatórios para classificação do tipo do pé de crianças entre um a sete anos de idade por esta medida / Abstract: During an one-year period, in three times (day zero, after six and 12 months), the right and left footprints of 131 healthy children were collected. Each children was aged from one to seven years old, being from a nursery of Cidade Universitária in Barão Geraldo, Campinas, São Paulo. From each of the 786 footprints the Chippaux-Smirak index was obtained, then categorized according to the modified Volpon method and finally calculated its area. For this calculation the footprint were scanned using a 75 dpi resolution in shades of gray, and the resulting images were saved in BMP format, where each pixel is a simple point of a graphic image (0.001156 cm2). The area calculation was done in three phases: segmentation; cleaning and limitation of the image contour; measuring of the image in pixels. The extent of the area was obtained by multiplying the number of pixels of the footprint by the pixel area (0.001156 cm2). Two area measures were taken, one called total for which the entire footprint was measured and the other called restrict. The objective was to verify whether the digital measure of some of these areas had the same diagnosis capacity and distinction in relation to the Chippaux-Smirak index for the study of the children medial longitudinal arch development. The analysis of the Chippaux-Smirak index and the Volpon classification in each age group over one year and of all footprints grouped by age made possible to conclude that the formation of the longitudinal plantar arch starts at three years, becomes more evident about five, but does complete until seven years. Although the measure of the total and restricted area has increased proportionally with age and foot length, it has been observed best fit between the restricted area with the Chippaux-Smirak index (R = 0.39, R2 = 0.15). However it was not possible to obtain discriminatory values by this measure for the classification of foot types for children between one and seven years old / Mestrado / Pesquisa Experimental / Mestre em Cirurgia

Orientador: Fausto Berzin / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-15T11:17:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DeMarco_Ademir_M.pdf: 4196650 bytes, checksum: d6670de0e9ee014b36a0c84d2b0fbf79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1985 / Resumo: O músculo tibial anterior direito de 22 voluntários, 11 homens e 11 mulheres com idade entre 17 e 25 anos, foi testado eletromiograficamente durante a pedalação em bicicleta ergométrica livre e com resistência de 2 kg. Foram utilizados eletrodos de agulha coaxiais simples, os quais foram implantados na porção proximal e distal do músculo tibial anterior...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital / Abstract: The right tibialis anterior of 22 volunteers, 11 males and 11 females ranging from 17 to 25 years of age, was tested electromyographically during the pedaling of stationary bicycle agains no resistance as wells as against 2 kilograms of resistance. Simple coaxial needle electrodes were used by implantation in the proximal and distal portions of the tibialis anterior...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations / Mestrado / Mestre em Biologia e Patologia Buco-Dental

The aim of the diploma thesis was to study factors influencing behavior of dogs in public spaces in Brno. 133 pairs of dogs were observed. The dog's gender, dog age, and age of the dog owner affected the interaction. The owner of the dog affected by the interaction. The dog's sex, dog age, and dog age influenced sniffing. All factors that were monitored influenced the play. The gender of the dog affected the marking behavior. The gender of the dog owner affected the threat. The dog's owner's gender affected bite occurrence.

Scent identification is a forensic method which is used in many countries. Principle of this method is always the same, but in each country are used different processes. This method is based on comparison of an odor collected at the crime scene and an odor collected from the suspect. The aim of this study was to verify new methodology designed by Dr. Adee Schoon. This method consists of different dog training methodologies. In the commonly used method the dog gets an odor from his handler to sniff at before each particular line-up. This is match to sample method. That means the dog is able to compare two samples from the same person. In the modified methodology a dog once sniffs at the single odor placed on the ground. After distracting odors are added the dog is supposed to alert to the matching odor again. Thus the method under testing is more like based on the detection of target odor than on match-to-sample scenario. Human odor samples were collected from palms of hands, metal tubes and the object belonging to the same person. Experimental persons were asked to wash their hands and let them to dry freely. At first, sorbent material Aratex was placed to palms of these persons for fifteen minutes and then it was closed and sealed in odorless glass jars. Then the metal tubes were given to hold to experimental persons for five minutes. After this time metal tubes were placed into glass jars with odorless Aratex which was later used as scent samples. The metal tubes were removed from glass jars after thirty minutes. Scent samples from objects were collected similarly as from metal tubes, these samples served as a corpus delict. The starting scent samples and target scent samples were collected by a different persons. Additional odors were collected using the same protocol and under similar conditions, so none of the odor samples in a line-up were more attractive for the dog than the others. For the training three years old female belgian shepherd malinois was used, trained by the author of the project. Intrinsic matching procedure was always three times repeated. At first, the dog sniffed at the scent sample from the palms of hands. The line-up was arranged of scent samples collected from metal tubes and objects. One of these scent samples was the target scent (metal tubes). After comparison of metal tubes scents, the target scent was replaced by a scent sample collected from corpus delicti. In case the dog correctly indicated target scent, the result was recorded as correct. For statistical evaluation Bernoulli distribution was used (P < 0.01). Over the whole experiment only one dog was used, and so it cannot be concluded that this method is easier for the dog than the traditional one, however the study demonstrated that such a method is basically usable as a tool by which dogs can be trained to identify individual human scents. Fischer´s test did not show any differences between comparisons based on the type of an object.

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The thesis was focused on canine interactions in public spaces. Two hundred canine dyads were observed. The gender of the dog, size of the dog and leading of the dog had an effect on the quitting after stopping before meeting. The gender of the dog and leading of the dog affected of the first sniffing place on the body of the dog. The gender of the dog, age of the dog and leading of the dog had an effect on the behavior during sniffing. Playful interactions were affected by the gender of the owner, gender of the dog, age of the dog and leading of the dog. Time of observation, gender of the owner, gender of the dog, age of the dog and leading of the dog affected the type of game. In conclusion, the results indicate that canine interactions are influenced by a number of factors.

Thermal annealing 4H-SiC(0001) substrates to produce epitaxial graphene on Si-terminated SiC was performed using five different procedures, i.e. direct and indirect current heating at different based pressures and a temperature of about 1300 . The aim is to study the effects of graphene growth under different conditions and also to produce large homogeneous graphene. To investigate the prepared samples, two surface analytical techniques, i.e. low energy electron microscopy (LEEM) and photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) have been used. LEEM was first used to observe the surface morphologies of the prepared samples. In combination with LEEM instrument, low energy electron diffraction (LEED) was used to verify the existence of graphene on SiC substrate. The number of graphene layer was determined by collecting electron reflectivity at different electron energies. The number of dips observed in the electron reflectivity curve corresponds to the number of graphene layer. The experimental results obtained from LEEM and LEED have demonstrated that a film consisting of fairly large domains of 1 and 2 monolayer (ML) graphene was obtained by direct current heating of SiC under high vacuum (HV) condition with the based pressure of 10-6 Torr. A domain size in the range of up to about 5 to 10 μm have been observed. Meanwhile another graphene film prepared by the same method and the same temperature but under ultra high vacuum (UHV) condition with the based pressure of 10-10 Torr has much smaller domain size of 1 ML graphene compared to that grown under HV condition. We therefore suggested that the based pressure during the graphene growth has a strong influence on the morphology of graphene. This is because the Si evaporation rate is suppressed when heated in a high pressure environment, which normally leads to the improvement of the surface quality. The suppression of the Si evaporation rate has also been verified by a result obtained from the other sample directly heated under much higher based pressure, i.e. in an argon (Ar) environment of 1 atm. In addition to LEEM and LEED, the existence of graphene on SiC substrate has also been verified by the PES measurement. The C1s spectrum of graphene sample grown on SiC(0001) substrate showed three components, i.e. bulk SiC, graphene (G) and the buffer layer (B) located at 283.7 eV, 284.5 eV and 285.1 eV, respectively. The intensity ratios of the three components in the C1s spectrum were also used to estimate the number of graphene layer. The estimated number of graphene layer corresponds to the result obtained from LEEM.