No description available.

Morphology and function of ankylosaur dinosaur limbs are explored and analyzed using comparative morphology and finite element analysis. Reconstruction of the forelimb and posture of Pinacosaurus grangeri matches well with trackways attributed to ankylosaurs. A flexed humerus angled away from the body, perpendicular radius and ulna, and upright metacarpus forming an arch proximally result in a crescent configuration of the manus, and a semi-supinated posture relative to the main axis of the body. The ankylosaurid metatarsus has a twisted proximal articular surface, metatarsals being optimally adapted for bearing weight at increasing angles, from medial to lateral. Metatarsal counts of Thyreophorans and other basal ornithischians do not match well with currently accepted phylogeny of these taxa, indicating that a revised phylogeny should be considered. Finite element analysis results, the twisted proximal articular surface, and other morphological features support a rolling motion in the foot while pushing off in locomotion. This is perhaps an adaptation to cope with the wide hips of ankylosaurids, bringing the pes closer to the midline of the animal during locomotion to increase maneuverability. / Systematics and Evolution

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências da Saúde. / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-17T10:42:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-09-25T16:33:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 175109.pdf: 53797396 bytes, checksum: c6b420797b6a811e10df3b1f26cf2496 (MD5) / Esta investigação tem como objetivo identificar a importância do cuidado à saúde e integridade dos pés, associada às condições gerais de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 43 idosos de ambos os sexos, com idade acima de 59 anos, residentes no Condomínio de Terceira Idade. Trabalhou-se mediante entrevistas, com roteiro semi-estruturado, que envolveu o seguinte: dados pessoais, situação de vida e hábitos; condição de saúde e limitações físicas; cuidado com os pés, marcha, equilíbrio e calçados. A inspeção dos pés comportou a avaliação da marcha e da dinâmica corporal, realizadas pelo pesquisador. Sendo o foco central deste estudo a saúde dos pés, partiu-se do pressuposto de que desempenham importante função do aparelho locomotor, intervindo como "suporte e alavanca" para a deambulação e absorção de impactos. Os resultados mostraram que mais da metade dos entrevistados possuem acima de 70 anos, oriundos prioritariamente da zona rural e de outros Estados, moram com companheiro e apresentam condições sócio-econômicas precárias. Dentre os hábitos prejudiciais à saúde, predomina o sedentarismo, o tabagismo e o alcoolismo. As doenças mais citadas foram as osteoarticulares, cardiovasculares, dermatológicas e o diabetes. Quanto aos pés foram detectados problemas de higiene e, nas unhas, micoses, dermatofitoses, verrugas, calosidades, deformidades, uso de calçados inapropriados e dores. A maioria apresentou comprometimento da marcha, da postura e de equilíbrio. O enfoque no cuidado com os pés possibilita a prevenção e a superação de problemas, a manutenção da autonomia e a melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Exceptional ability to smell dog in human activity are used for several centuries. The dog is trained for tracking , searching for drugs , weapons, ammunition , human remains , tobacco and money . Usability dog is recorded in the health sector , where the dog can identify the smell serious illness. Deploying a dog to search for forest pests , especially bark beetle was experimentally tested in several European countries , but they were always used the associated odors from the environment beetle . The aim of this thesis was to design and test the methodology in practice dog is trained to search the bark in the forest and to develop and test methodology for deploying the dog directly in the forest , provided that the dog will only identify the smell of bark Beatles. The training methodology and deployment methodology dog in practice aimed to demonstrate the dog's ability to identify the presence of bark beetle in the forest and bring cost-effective form of prevention inspections forest cover within the meaning of applicable legislation. The long-term verification specially trained dog was clearly proved that the dog is very well and quickly able to identify the bark in the forest , which is most at risk. At the same time training the dog to find the bark creating an efficient instrument for the implementation of preventive examinations of forests against bark beetle infestation in accordance with applicable legislation

This thesis is about cognitive behavior of dogs and wolves. It focuses on breeds of Czechoslovakian Wolfdog and Saarlooswolfdog, resulting from crossbreeding of a dog and a wolf. The thesis describes their natural behavior and abilities to cooperate and communicate with humans. The thesis repeats series of behavioral experiments performed on dogs and wolfs described by Ádám Miklósi in his study from 2003 "A Simple Reason for a Big Difference: Wolves Do Not Look Back at Humans, but Dogs Do". We were interested to know how these particular crossbreeds would behave in the same model situations, thus we tested them on the Czechoslovakian Wolfdogs and Saarlooswolfdogs. The first study shows whether the subjects are able to locate hidden food indicated by a known gesture of a human experimenter. The second study examines whether the subject, that is not able to solve a similarly looking task by itself, looks at a human for clues. The dog easily learns how to solve a simple task: opening an object to get to food. And it subsequently faces a similar situation, in which, it is impossible for the dog to resolve it by itself. These experiments demonstrate that Czechoslovakian Wolfdog and Saarlooswolfdog are able to collaborate with humans with similar willingness. There is no statistical difference between these two breeds and the two sexes of these animals.

The aim of the diploma thesis is to assess and analyse the value of the character test in general, both in the Czech Republic and Sweden. Their quality to reveal the real personality, emotional stability, fear reactivity and aggressive reactions. Czech character test is required as a condition for breeding for both Belgian and Australian shepherds by the Belgian Shepherd Club of Czech Republic. The aim of the analysis is to measure the differences between the tasks and the results of the Czech character test and highly-developed Swedish Mental test that reveals the character in a more complex way and is generally more demanding also from time management side. Furthermore the analysis explores the possible relation between the results of the character tests and trial performance in dogs undergoing this research. The testing ran in three terms, while both tests were conducted in a single day for each participant. The target group were owners of Belgian and Australian shepherds with dogs between 1 to 4 years old. The total number of tested dogs is 17. The Swedish test proved higher connectivity of the tasks (high correlations) as wells as higher results variability between tested animals as opposite of the Czech test. The results of this pilot project study did not show any connection between the high score in the test and higher probability of passing the working exam, although this result can be influenced by low number of animals tested and their lower age. This study works as pilot applied research to increase the effectivity and simplify the testing of working dogs, however, it is essential for next stages of research to focus on concrete parts of the test and their connectivity to the dog behaviour in a given situation.

No description available.

The aim of this thesis was evaluate the nutritive value of complete granulated dry food for adult dogs in normal activity. 17 dry feeds were choosen with regard to quality classes - 7 superpremium, 5 premium and 5 economy. Content of moisture, crude protein, crude fat, crude fibre, crude ash were determined in laboratory and NFE (nitrogen-free extracts - carbohydrates) and metabolizable energy were determined by calculations. The results of the analysis were compared with figures stated on the packaging of the feed. Quality classes were compared with each other. It was found that 12 from 17 feeds exceeded the tolerance limites for declarated nutrients. Not all of the feeds on the market is suitable for the dogs and an appellation superpremium isn't guarantee of good quality.

Orientador : Odorico Machado de Sousa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Acompanha memorial / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-14T08:42:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_VilmaClorisde_D.pdf: 7714382 bytes, checksum: 37b7a73278af4ea3d3acc1658a686b3f (MD5) Previous issue date: 1967 / Resumo: Não informado / Abstract: Not informed / Doutorado

Reducing deforestation and degradation (REDD+) under the rubric of payment for ecosystem services (PES) is being promoted as the most cost-effective mechanism for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions. This process of commodifying forest services will redefine the rhetoric of decentralised forest governance that has evolved in developing countries over the last two decades. This thesis uses ethnographic case studies in two forest villages in West Bengal state in India, along with 294 household surveys and 76 interviews, to examine the impending changes in socio-economic and political arenas with the adoption of a market mechanism like REDD+. I undertook a pilot study for one month in October 2009, which was followed by my main field work in two phases: February to July 2010 and November 2010 to February 2011. First, the analysis of livelihood dependence of forests dwellers shows unequal extraction of forest products by various wealth classes under the current socio-economic and political structures of village societies. Rich and medium class families with their higher assets were higher net users of forests, while poor households had a critical dependence on forests for their daily survival. Second, I examine the impact of livelihood dependence on forests. A majority of key informants did not see the current extraction of forest products, for example, for meeting local subsistence and commercial needs as major detriments to forest and carbon conservation. However, I argue that a number of legal provisions and official guidelines could potentially impose restrictions on the ongoing forest use pattern as a result of REDD+. Third, by comparing the functioning of the village council (with a special focus on the implementation of India’s National Employment Guarantee Scheme) with forest protection committees, I reflect upon the limitations in the decentralised forest management that emerge from the institutional design of the programme. I show that the decentralised forest governance suffers from lack of accountability and transparency over the control of forests by the Forest Department. Finally, this thesis suggests that the institutional design for REDD+ at the national level needs to be based on the democratic partnership of local institutions and the state.