No description available.

Diss. Göttingen 1950.

Inaug.-diss.--Rostock. / Lebenslauf. "Verzeichnis der benutzten bücher und zeitschriften." P. [i]-iv.

Th.--Sci.--Toulouse 3, 1981. N°: 979.

I have examined the symbolism of the snake in the popular french book The Little Prince (Le Petit Prince), written by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. The purpose with this study was to get a deeper understanding of the book by finding out what the snake represents. I have used a number of websites and several books to be able to cover the subject, which turned out to be immense. I started by finding out what kind of snake it corresponds to in reality, based on the images and informations given in the novel. I investigated the symbolism of the colour of the snake as well as the symbolism of snakes in different cultures, religions and civilizations. I also examined the fable genre, and the role of snakes in fables, since the novel belongs to this genre. The last part of my essay consists of an analysis of the author to find out why he chose a snake. My conclusion is that he chose the snake (a cobra) for its symbolic meaning of "renaissance" and that the colour is also important for the symbolism of this character.

Petrus Borel was a minor, French Romantic author who was involved with a small group of artists, the 'Petit cenacle', writing and working in early 1830s Paris. They styled themselves on the more famous 'Cenacle', but were more than imitators of the great names of the Romantic movemement. Members of the 'Petit cenacle', which included the young Gautier and Nerval, took their cues from the major figures of the movement, but often pushed the enthusiasm for aesthetic reform, the colorful exoticism and the rebelliousness of Romanticism far beyond what the major figures were willing to attempt. The 'Petit cenacle' became associated in the mind of the public with a small number of groups of political and artistic militants, whose period of greatest activity coincided with the upheaval in the few years following the July Revolution, and with the Romantic battles in the theatre. Borel's group was often confused with the bousingos, [1] a species of young political conspirator, and was at times synonymous with the jeunes-France, young men whose Romantic and medievalist literary pretensions were often nuanced with Utopian socialism or republicanism. The 'Petit cenacle' was well known and documented for its use of provocative political rhetoric, in addition to the group's tendency to express its ideals through raucous behaviour and outlandish costumes. In recent years, these minor Romantics have been considered important for having brought the aesthetic principles of Romanticism into play in everyday life. They were at turns idealistic, violently polemical and republican, or aggressivelyfatalistic as suited their ever-changing desire to shock the middle-class and the reading public. [Continues in thesis] 1There are a number of spellings of the word bousingo: bousingot. and bouzingot are both common variations. I shall discuss the etymology later in the first chapter. Throughout the thesis, I will employ the form that was agreed upon by the members of Borel's literary group, bousingo.

Almost two centuries have passed since the publication began, in 1777, of the Memoires secrets de Bachaumont. This journal, regarded by many as the mirror of its age, was the outgrowth of a unique and highly successful experiment in group journalism undertaken by the cultured and aristocratic members of an almost-forgotten salon, the paroisse of Madame Doublet. Despite its acknowledged value to students of the Ancien Regime, few studies have been made of this lengthy and complex work. This thesis examines a limited aspect of the Memoires secrets: the literary criticism found in the first five of the thirty-six volumes together with that in the corresponding supplements for the years 1762-1771. The decade thus reviewed ends with the death of Bachaumont, a leading paroissien who first conceived the idea of recording for posterity items chosen from Madame Doublet's registers and from whose manuscript these early volumes of the Memoires are derived. The first two chapters are devoted to a consideration of the background of the journal, situating it within the nouvelliste tradition and dwelling at some length upon the paroisse that gave it birth. The chapters that follow investigate the treatment afforded by the Memoires to Voltaire, Rousseau and Diderot, outline the developments in the theatre during the decade in question and offer a general account of the poetry and miscellaneous prose writings reviewed in the journal together with an inquiry into trends and contemporary attitudes. They provide, then, a general picture of the literary activity of this period as reflected in the Memoires secrets rather than a complete analysis of the many items in these volumes of interest to the student of French literature. The most striking feature of the journal is its wealth of content, evidence of the intellectual ferment of the 1760*s and of the journalistic zeal of the paroissiens. In general, the critical comments are brief, succinct and often elegantly phrased. The reviews of the more controversial writings must frequently be read in the light of their underlying irony, the careful wording being presumably a deliberate attempt to confuse the censorship authorities. The opinions expressed appear to be the result of group discussion, although the extent to which these volumes of the Memoires reflect the personal views of Bachaumont or his successor Mairobert remains uncertain. Ideologically, the tenor of the journal appears to be parlementaire and strongly pro-philosophe. As for literature, the Memoires reveal an awareness of current trends and an acceptance of innovations tempered, however, with a certain conservatism of outlook. Among the writers, Voltaire, understandably, emerges as the dominant figure of the decade. The limited scope of this investigation precludes any firm assessment of the Memoires as a whole. Certainly the abundance and diversity of their contents invite further study. A more adequate index would appear to be a prior necessity for continued investigation of this journal whose pages not only record the advance of the "republique des lettres" but also have preserved for us the picture of a vanished society. / Arts, Faculty of / French, Hispanic, and Italian Studies, Department of / Graduate

Cette thèse présente l'optimisation des performances du transistor bipolaire à double hétérojonction (TBDH) InP/InGaAs aux dimensions submicroniques. Tout d'abord nous présenterons le développement d'un modèle analytique tenant compte des spécificités du dessin et de la technologie de ce composant. Ce modèle, qui sera confronté aux résultats de mesures de paramètre S, servira à déterminer les dimensions optimales permettant d'atteindre des fréquences de coupure élevées et de mettre en évidence les principaux axes d'optimisation des performances. Puis nous étudierons plusieurs structures de couche pour la transition base collecteur visant à améliorer les propriétés de transport du TBH et repousser la densité de courant au seuil d'effet Kirk en vue d'augmenter les performances fréquentielles maximales du composant. Enfin, étant donné que les TBH fonctionnent à des densités de courant pouvant dépasser 800 kA/cm², ceux-ci sont sujets à un auto-échauffement qui contribue à la dégradation de leurs performances fréquentielles et à un vieillissement prématuré. Nous nous intéresserons donc à l'influence de la température sur les performances et présenterons les solutions apportées pour réduire l'auto-échauffement et améliorer la fiabilité des TBH. Ce travail a permis de valider une filière de TBH possédant des fréquences de coupure fT et fmax comprises dans la gamme 250-300 GHz ainsi qu'une tension de claquage de l'ordre de 5 V. Ainsi, ces composants ont pu être utilisés pour la réalisation de circuits destinés aux transmissions à 100 Gbit/s. / This thesis is about the performance optimization of InP/InGaAs Double Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (DHBT) with sub-micrometer dimensions. The development of an analytical model taking into account the specific features of the device in terms of geometry and process is first reported. This model, backed by results from S parameters measurements, is used to define a device geometry leading to high cut-off frequencies; it also helps identifying the main directions for further performance improvement. Several epi-layer structures for the base-collector junction are then investigated, aiming at improving the HBT transport properties and at pushing toward higher current densities the onset of Kirk effect. Since HBTs are operating at current densities as high as 800 kA/cm2 and beyond, they are sensitive to self-heating; this feature results in reduced frequency performance and faster characteristics degradation. This is why the impact of temperature on transistor performance is analyzed and ways to limit HBTs self-heating phenomena and to improve their reliability are indicated. This work allowed the validation of an HBT process characterized by cut-off frequencies in the 250-300 GHz range for both fT and fmax, together with a breakdown voltage of about 5 V. Such HBTs have been used in the fabrication of ICs for 100 Gbit/s transmission applications.

No description available.

Thèse--Histoire de l'art--Paris 1, 1993.