Prepared in association with the Sloan School of Management and the Dept. of Economics / National Science Foundation under Grant #GSF SIA75-00738

Prepared in association with the Sloan School of Management and the Dept. of Economics / National Science Foundation under Grant #GSF SIA75-00739

No description available.

by Yuen Wing-wah, Ricky, Fung Wai-hung, Eugene. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaf 64. / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iv / LIST OF TABLES --- p.vi / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vii / PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.viii / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT --- p.3 / Air Pollution Control Ordinance --- p.3 / Air Control Zones --- p.3 / Fuel Oil Consumption in Hong Kong --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- CURRENT FUEL OIL MARKET --- p.11 / Types of Oil Fuel --- p.11 / Market Share of Oil Fuel --- p.12 / Chapter IV. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.15 / Purpose of the Study --- p.15 / Need for the Study --- p.15 / Target Respondent --- p.16 / Population and Sampling --- p.16 / Data Collection Method --- p.18 / Chapter V. --- ANALYSIS OF DATA --- p.19 / Demographic Charactertistics --- p.19 / Position --- p.19 / Geographical Distribution --- p.19 / Industry --- p.20 / Users' Views of Market --- p.22 / Usage of Supplier --- p.22 / Types of Supplier --- p.24 / Users' Evaluation of Supplier --- p.26 / Attitude to Existing Government Regulation --- p.30 / Concern Over the Government Regulation --- p.32 / Understanding of Different Oil Fuels --- p.34 / Knowledge of Sulphur Content --- p.37 / Expenditure on Oil Fuel --- p.39 / Chapter VI. --- POTENTIAL OF NEW MARKET --- p.41 / Willingness to Switch Product --- p.41 / Reactions to New Fuel Oil Concept --- p.45 / Chapter VII. --- SUMMARY --- p.48 / Chapter VIII. --- CONCLUSION --- p.50 / APPENDIX --- p.51 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.64

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND SCIENCE / Includes bibliographical references. / by Simon Peter Hanson. / Sc.D.

No description available.

A revised and updated version of "International comparisons of the residential demand for energy: a preliminary analysis," Working paper #MIT-EL 76-023WP, by the same author. / Supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant #GSF SIA075-00379.

Thesis (MTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. / The high cost of fossil fuels and the fact that the world has arguably reached its peak oil production, has driven the need to seek alternative fuel sources. The main objective of the current study is to determine the performance of a laboratory-mounted diesel engine when fuelled with varying laboratory prepared biofuel and biodiesel and whether the advancement of the injection timing parameters will improve the engine power output and improve the smoke effect of these different fuel blends. The laboratory prepared biofuels used in this project range from 100% bio-fuel (BF100) to 50%, 30% and 10% biodiesel blends (BF50, BF30 and BF10, respectively). It should be noted that these blends are not commercially available, since they were blended in the laboratory specifically for these tests. The overall results of the study show that there is a distinct opportunity for using certain bio-fuel blends in specific applications as the power outputs are no more than one quarter less than that of base diesel. Concomitantly, the smoke opacity in all of the blends is lower than that of base diesel, which is a significant benefit in terms of their overall air emissions.

Work funded by the National Science Foundation under Grants SIA75-00738 and DAR78-19044.

The syntheses and evaluation of oxidovanadium(IV) complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of refractory organosulfur compounds in fuels is presented. The sulfones produced from the oxidation reaction were removed from fuel oils by employing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). The oxidovanadium(IV) homogeneous catalyst, [V ͥ ͮ O(sal-HBPD)], as well as its heterogeneous polymer supported derivatives, poly[V ͥ ͮ O(sal-AHBPD)] and poly[V ͥ ͮ O(allylSB-co-EGDMA)], were synthesized and fully characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-Vis, XPS, AFM, SEM, BET and single crystal XRD for [V ͥ ͮ O(sal-HBPD)]. The MIPs were also characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, EDX and BET. The catalyzed oxidation of fuel oil model sulfur compounds, thiophene (TH), benzothiophene (BT), dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT), was conducted under batch and continuous flow processes at 40°C by using tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BuOOH) as oxidant. The continuous flow oxidation process presented the highest overall conversions and very high selectivity for sulfones. Maximum oxidation conversions of 71%, 89%, 99% and 88% was achieved for TH, BT, DBT and 4,6-DMDBT respectively when poly[V ͥ ͮ O(allylSB-co-EGDMA)] was employed at a flow-rate of 1 mL/h with over 90% sulfone selectivity. The process was further applied to the oxidation of hydro-treated diesel containing 385 ± 4.6 ppm of sulfur (mainly dibenzothiophene and dibenzothiophene derivatives), and this resulted to a high sulfur oxidation yield (> 99%), thus producing polar sulfones which are extractible by polar solid phase extractants. Adsorption of the polar sulfone compounds was carried-out by employing MIPs which were fabricated through the formation of recognition sites complementary to oxidized sulfur-containing compounds (sulfones) on electrospun polybenzimidazole (PBI) nanofibers, cross-linked chitosan microspheres and electrospun chitosan nanofibers. Adsorption of benzothiophene sulfone (BTO₂), dibenzothiophene sulfone (DBTO₂) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene sulfone (4,6-DMDBTO₂) on the various molecularly imprinted adsorbents presented a Freundlich (multi-layered) adsorption isotherm which indicated interaction of adsorbed organosulfur compounds. Maximum adsorption observed for BTO₂, DBTO₂ and 4,6-DMDBTO₂ respectively was 8.5 ± 0.6 mg/g, 7.0 ± 0.5 mg/g and 6.6 ± 0.7 mg/g when imprinted chitosan nanofibers were employed, 4.9 ± 0.5 mg/g, 4.2 ± 0.7 mg/g and 3.9 ± 0.6 mg/g on molecularly imprinted chitosan microspheres, and 28.5 ± 0.4 mg/g, 29.8 ± 2.2 mg/g and 20.1 ± 1.4 mg/g on molecularly imprinted PBI nanofibers. Application of electrospun chitosan nanofibers on oxidized hydro-treated diesel presented a sulfur removal capacity of 84%, leaving 62 ± 3.2 ppm S in the fuel, while imprinted PBI electrospun nanofibers displayed excellent sulfur removal, keeping sulfur in the fuel after the oxidation/adsorption below the determined limit of detection (LOD), which is 2.4 ppm S. The high level of sulfur removal displayed by imprinted PBI nanofibers was ascribed to hydrogen bonding effects, and π-π stacking between aromatic sulfone compounds and the benzimidazole ring which were confirmed by chemical modelling with density functional theory (DFT) as well as the imprinting effect. The home-made pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) system was applied for extraction/desorption of sulfone compounds adsorbed on the PBI nanofibers at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and at 150°C with an applied pressure of 30 bars. Application of molecularly imprinted PBI nanofibers for the desulfurization of oxidized hydro-treated fuel showed potential for use in refining industries to reach ultra-low sulfur fuel level, which falls below the 10 ppm sulfur limit which is mandated by the environmental protection agency (EPA) from 2015.