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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
531

Thermodynamically Consistent Interatomic Potentials for Silica to Design Specifically Binding Peptides: Role of Surface Chemistry, PH, and Amino Acid Sequence

Emami, Fatemesadat 09 May 2013 (has links)
No description available.
532

Determining Mineralogy from Traditional Well Log Data

Kurtz, Aaron D. 27 April 2013 (has links)
No description available.
533

Mechanism of Corrosion by Naphthenic Acids and Organosulfur Compounds at High Temperatures

Jin, Peng January 2013 (has links)
No description available.
534

The Effect of Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) on CO2 Corrosion Mechanisms

Ruiz, Roberto A., January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
535

Numerical Investigation of Fractured Reservoir Response to Injection/Extraction Using a Fully Coupled Displacement Discontinuity Method

Lee, Byungtark 2011 August 1900 (has links)
In geothermal reservoirs and unconventional gas reservoirs with very low matrix permeability, fractures are the main routes of fluid flow and heat transport, so the fracture permeability change is important. In fact, reservoir development under this circumstance relies on generation and stimulation of a fracture network. This thesis presents numerical simulation of the response of a fractured rock to injection and extraction considering the role of poro-thermoelasticity and joint deformation. Fluid flow and heat transport in the fracture are treated using a finite difference method while the fracture and rock matrix deformation are determined using the displacement discontinuity method (DDM). The fractures response to fluid injection and extraction is affected both by the induced stresses as well as by the initial far-field stress. The latter is accounted for using the non-equilibrium condition, i.e., relaxing the assumption that the rock joints are in equilibrium with the in-situ stress state. The fully coupled DDM simulation has been used to carry out several case studies to model the fracture response under different injection/extractions, in-situ stresses, joint geometries and properties, for both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions. The following observations are made: i) Fluid injection increases the pressure causing the joint to open. For non-isothermal injection, cooling increases the fracture aperture drastically by inducing tensile stresses. Higher fracture aperture means higher conductivity. ii) In a single fracture under constant anisotropic in-situ stress (non-equilibrium condition), permanent shear slip is encountered on all fracture segments when the shear strength is overcome by shear stress in response to fluid injection. With cooling operation, the fracture segments in the vicinity of the injection point are opened due to cooling-induced tensile stress and injection pressure, and all the fracture segments experience slip. iii) Fluid pressure in fractures increases in response to compression. The fluid compressibility and joint stiffness play a role. iv) When there are injection and extraction in fractured reservoirs, the cooler fluid flows through the fracture channels from the injection point to extraction well extracting heat from the warmer reservoir matrix. As the matrix cools, the resulting thermal stress increases the fracture apertures and thus increases the fracture conductivity. v) Injection decreases the amount of effective stress due to pressure increase in fracture and matrix near a well. In contrast, extraction increases the amount of effective stress due to pressure drop in fracture and matrix.
536

Mechanical behavior of concentric and eccentric casing, cement, and formation using analytical and numerical methods

Jo, Hyunil, 1977- 27 September 2012 (has links)
The first main goal of this research is to develop comprehensive analytical and numerical models for the stress distribution around an inclined cased wellbore by considering all wellbore processes and to amend erroneous models of most previous work. The second main goal is to apply the developed models to explain near wellbore phenomena such as cement failure and sand production. To achieve these goals, this work checked the eligibility of using simple elastic approaches for the system by using a poroelastic undrained condition and a steady state condition for stresses induced by wellbore temperature variation. It utilized the generalized plane strain to compensate for the limitation of the plane strain which most previous work had used. In addition, this research developed comprehensive models to improve previous work by using superposing principles. For applying the developed models to cement failure, Mogi-Coulomb criterion for shear failure instead of Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager criteria was used to properly consider the intermediate stress. Additionally, ABAQUSr was utilized for numerical models with the "model change" option to simulate and combine all individual wellbore processes while MATLABr was used for analytical models. For predicting sand production, fully coupled poroelastic solutions for an inclined open wellbore were modified to obtain the stress distribution around a perforation tunnel after perforating. Then, modified Lade failure criterion was used to calculate the critical drawdown when sand production occurs, that is, when the perforation tunnel starts failure. This research obtained the following results. For developing models, the analytical models improved the previous research. However, the numerical results under a vertical tectonic stress showed discrepancies because of the difference between the generalized plane strain and numerical models. For cement failure, Young's modulus of cement, wellbore pressure and wellbore temperature variation could affect shear failure more significantly than the other factors. The numerical results showed closer to the failure envelopes than the analytical results. For predicting sand production, well completion affected sand production near wellbore and the critical drawdown converged to asymptotic values. In addition, perforating along the minimum horizontal stress direction was most preferable in a vertical cased wellbore under a normal stress regime. / text
537

Análise experimental do escoamento líquido-sólido-gás no padrão golfadas em dutos horizontal / Experimental Analysis of Liquid-Solid-Gas Slug Flow in Horizontal Pipeline

Marcos Rosas, Luis Miguel 07 October 2016 (has links)
Diversas aplicações industriais envolvem escoamentos multifásicos, como é o caso das operações de produção de petróleo em águas profundas, onde partículas sólidas, como areia ou hidratos, podem estar presentes, dando origem ao escoamento sólido-líquido-gás. O escoamento no padrão golfadas é frequentemente encontrado em linhas de produção de petróleo provocado pela topografia do terreno. É de grande valia para a indústria, a compreensão da dinâmica deste tipo de escoamento para o projeto de linhas de produção de óleo e gás, assim como para o dimensionamento de separadores e equipamentos. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho experimental caracteriza o escoamento de três fases, gás-sólidolíquido em um tubo horizontal, visando determinar o impacto das partículas sólidas sintéticas (similares aos hidratos de gás) sobre os parâmetros característicos do escoamento em golfadas (velocidade da frente da bolha, frequência de passagem da célula unitária, comprimento da bolha e do pistão). Os testes experimentais foram realizados utilizando partículas sólidas, com massa específica semelhante às partículas de hidratos de gás, dispersas na fase líquida. Partículas sintéticas modelo de polietileno de 0,5 mm de diâmetro e 938 kg/m3 de massa específica foram utilizadas como a fase sólida. Água e ar comprimido foram utilizados como fase líquida e gasosa, respectivamente. A seção de testes compreende uma tubulação de 26 mm de diâmetro interno e 9 m de comprimento. As estruturas do escoamento foram monitoradas por meio de sensores resistivos e uma câmara de alta velocidade. Diversas combinações de velocidades superficiais de líquido e gás, que garantam o padrão intermitente em golfadas, e diferentes concentrações de partículas foram aplicadas nos testes. Os sinais obtidos foram processados e apresentados através de funções densidade de probabilidade (PDF) e valores médios. Estes valores obtidos foram discutidos e comparados com o escoamento bifásico em golfadas líquido-gás para condições semelhantes. Pôde ser observado que as partículas sólidas influenciam positivamente na velocidade da frente da bolha e a frequência, e influenciam negativamente nos comprimentos do pistão e da bolha. / Multiphase flows appear during a large number of industrial operations, as in the case of oil and gas offshore production operations, where solid particles, such as sand and hydrates may occasionally be present in the flow, starting the solid-liquid-gas flow. Slug flow in ducts is a frequently observed flow regime in oil and gas transportation lines. The onset of this kind of flow is due to instabilities generated by irregular pipe topography. Understanding the hydrodynamics of the slug flow is significant in the design of crude oil production lines as well as in the project of equipment involved in oil and gas operations. The present work experimentally characterizes the gas-liquid-solid three-phase flows in a horizontal pipe. The objective here is to determine the role played by solid particles (similar to hydrates) on the characteristic parameters of slug flows, namely the bubble front velocity, unit cell frequency and bubble and liquid slug lengths. Experimental tests with solid particles (whose specific mass are similar to those of the hydrate particles) dispersed in the liquid were carried out. The test section comprised a 26 mm ID, 9 m long transparent acrylic pipe. The flow structures were monitored and measured by means of resistive sensors and a high-speed camera. Several pairs of gas and liquid superficial velocities, for which the slug flow regime was observed, at different solid particle concentration were investigated during the tests. Synthetic standard 0.5 mm diameter polyethylene particles with 938 kg/m3 density constituted the solid phase. Water and compressed air were used as the liquid and gas phase, respectively. The signals captured during the tests were processed and presented in terms of a probability density function (PDF) and averaged values. The experiments and their results are discussed and compared to the two-phase gas-liquid flows at similar conditions. It was observed that solid particles influence positively the bubble front velocity and frequency, and influence negatively the piston and bubble lengths.
538

Combustão In-Situ = considerações sobre projeto e simulações numéricas em escala de laboratório e de campo / In-Situ combustion : insights on field project and numerical simulation at laboratory and field scale

Cruz, Rafael Oscar de Moraes 17 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Osvair Vidal Trevisan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T03:24:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cruz_RafaelOscardeMoraes_M.pdf: 2702019 bytes, checksum: 2b9e5d6d733bae790360b90f575601e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A previsão de comportamento de reservatórios submetidos a combustão in-situ é trabalhosa e empírica já que além das complexidades geológicas, é necessário modelar a complexidade do hidrocarboneto de reservatório e das reações químicas que ocorrem no processo. As etapas de projeto de campo costumam envolver 1) seleção de reservatório; 2) experimentos termo-analíticos; 3) experimentos em tubo de combustão; 4) aplicação de métodos analíticos; 5) simulação numérica; 6) calibração dos modelos analíticos e numéricos através de dados de projeto piloto. O escopo de trabalho desta dissertação está concentrado nas Etapas 4 e 5 deste processo e o foco é a previsão de comportamento de projetos de campo. Propõe-se uma metodologia de mudança de escala para tratamento de dados advindos de laboratório para uso em previsão de comportamento. Adapta-se um equacionamento clássico de projeto de campo de Nelson e Mcneil (1961) para agregar o conceito de velocidade mínima de frente de chama. Para avaliar a extensão dos resultados obtidos com os experimentos em células de combustão 3D de Coates et al (1995) e de Greaves e Turta (2003), que foram realizados para testar as configurações de poço top-down e thai respectivamente, realiza-se simulações em escala de laboratório para reproduzir uma célula de combustão 3D, e avalia-se o impacto de diversos parâmetros de modelagem, como a composição dos fluidos e as reações químicas, além de parâmetros operacionais. Nestas simulações foi possível reproduzir maior complexidade do modelo de fluidos e das reações químicas, incluindo reações de adição de oxigênio e de quebra de cadeia. Foi possível ainda reproduzir a dependência entre estas reações, fazendo com que o combustível para as reações de quebra de cadeia fosse gerado nas reações de adição de oxigênio. Utilizou-se uma malha tão refinada quanto as dimensões da frente de chama, de forma que se controlou a evolução das reações pela temperatura. Para exemplificar a metodologia proposta de mudança de escala e de projeto de campo, utilizou-se os experimentos em tubo de combustão de Gonçalves (2010). Os parâmetros projetados foram aplicados em simulações em escala de campo, onde a evolução das reações químicas foi controlada pela velocidade. Definiu-se uma velocidade mínima para avanço da frente de chama através de tratamento dos dados advindos dos experimentos em tubo de combustão e aplicou-se no modelo de simulação, onde se investigou a capacidade de previsão da evolução da frente de chama em um cenário com propriedades geológicas heterogêneas / Abstract: Behavior forecast of reservoirs subjected to in-situ combustion is hard and empirical since besides geological complexities it is necessary to reproduce complex fluid models and several chemical reactions that are part of the process. The work flow for field project usually involves: 1) reservoir screening; 2) thermo-analytical experiments; 3) combustion tube experiments; 4) use of analytical models; 5) numerical simulation and 6) fitting of analytical and numerical models with field pilot data. The present work concerns the fourth and fifth stages of this process and the focus is behavior forecast of field projects. A methodology for upscaling laboratory results for application in behavior forecast is proposed. The classical Nelson and Mcneil (1961) field project equations are adapted to account for the minimum velocity of the combustion front. In order to evaluate the extension of the results obtained by Coates et al (1995) and Greaves and Turta (2003) with 3D combustion cells, wich were carried to test the thai and top-down well configuration respectively, laboratory scale numerical simulation that reproduces a 3D combustion cell is conducted and the influence of several modeling parameters, such as fluid composition and chemical reactions, is tested, along with operational parameters. In this simulations, a greater complexity in the fluid and reaction model is possible with both oxygen addition and bond scission reactions. It is also possible to model the dependency between reactions, making the reactant of high temperature reactions to be formed in low temperature reactions. A grid refinement in the same size of the combustion front is used and chemical reactions continuity is controlled through temperature. Data from the combustion tube experiments from Gonçalves (2010) are used to exemplify and apply the upscaling and field project methodology. The obtained project parameters are used as input for field scale numerical simulation, where the chemical reactions continuity is controlled through velocity. A minimum combustion front velocity is defined and applied in the simulation model, where the capacity of forecast of the combustion front migration in an heterogeneous geological context is evaluated / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
539

Metodo dos elementos finitos posicional aplicado a analise estatica de risers / Positional finite element method applied to the analysis of risers behaviour

Morini, Rafael Giovane 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Renato Pavanello / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T01:23:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Morini_RafaelGiovane_M.pdf: 17374266 bytes, checksum: e5f034607ded57361d157d72f2fb7810 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A dissertação é dedicada ao estudo do comportamento estrutural estático de risers rígidos montados em catenária para aplicações na exploração de petróleo em águas profundas. Estuda-se o problema de equilíbrio estático de risers, no qual é considerado o efeito do peso próprio, do empuxo, e a interação com o solo. Para tanto, utiliza-se do Método de Elementos Finitos Posicional, que é baseado em posições dos nós ao invés de deslocamento nodal, sendo que o referencial utilizado é o Lagrangiano Total. Adota-se a cinemática de Reissner para descrever o comportamento do pórtico plano, na qual são consideradas as deformaçõoes oriundas das tensões de cisalhamento. Utiliza-se o algoritmo de Newton-Raphson para a solução iterativa do problema não linear e o método de penalidades para a solução do problema de contato com o solo. São desenvolvidos estudos comparativos e de sensibilidade de alguns parametros envolvidos no problema de risers com o objetivo de avaliar a influencia do modelo do solo, das condições do contato solo-riser na região de toque sobre o comportamento estático do sistema acoplado. Os resultados são validados com resultados da literatura e por comparação de resultados obtidos com o programa Anflex, atualmente utilizado pela Petrobras. / Abstract: This dissertation is dedicated to the study of static structural behavior of Steel Catenary Riser for applications in oil exploitation in deep waters, considering soil-riser interaction. In this way, the problem of equilibrium static of risers, which is related to the self weight effect, thrust effect and the interaction with the soil is studied. For this purpose, the Positional Finite Element Method was used, which is based on positions of nodes instead of nodal displacements. The Total Lagrangian description was used. The beam's behavior was described with the Reissner kinematics. Newton-Raphson algorithm for iterative solution of nonlinear problem and the method of penalties for the solution to the problem of contact with the ground were used. The influence of soil model and soil-riser interaction conditions on the touch down point are evaluated by comparative studies of sensitivity of some parameters involved in the riser's problem. The results are validated with those from literature as well as they were compared with those provided by the software Anflex, which is currently used by Petrobras company. / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
540

Estudo experimental sobre recuperação de oleo pesado atraves da combustão in-situ / Experimental study of heavy oil recovery through in-situ combustion

Chicuta, Andrea Maiumi 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Osvair Vidal Trevisan / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica e Instituto de Geociencias / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T23:36:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Chicuta_AndreaMaiumi_M.pdf: 9556550 bytes, checksum: 8000d9d7bdfe26ea2ecd6564777de501 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Este trabalho foca a recuperação melhorada de petróleo através da técnica conhecida como combustão in-situ. Ensaios experimentais foram realizados com óleo pesado de 12,8ºAPI procedente de um campo onshore no Brasil a fim de avaliar a influência da argila no meio poroso com saturações iniciais de óleo variando de 25 a 50%. O aparato experimental utilizado consiste em: sistema de injeção de fluido, tubo de combustão, sistema de produção de fluidos, sistema de análise gasosa e gasômetro, e sistema de aquisição e análise de dados. Os resultados experimentais obtidos mostram que o fenômeno da combustão é possível para o óleo e a rocha testados. Além disto, estes testes fornecem parâmetros importantes que indicam a ocorrência de reações de oxidação. A argila tem um papel fundamental na deposição de combustível e conseqüentemente na propagação da frente de combustão. Na ausência de argila no meio poroso a frente não foi sustentada, enquanto que na sua presença foi obtido um comportamento da frente de combustão estável. Já o aumento da saturação de óleo ocasionou um maior depósito de combustível. Temperaturas entre 457 à 501ºC foram obtidas na frente de combustão e fator de recuperação de óleo acima de 84%. Verificou-se que as velocidades da frente de combustão variaram entre 14,1 a 18,3 cm/h. Além disto, uma melhora na qualidade do óleo entre 3,2º a 8,4ºAPI foi observada no óleo produzido. Os parâmetros básicos da combustão - consumo de combustível, ar requerido, razão ar/combustível, razão atômica de H/C, utilização de O2 - obtidos durante os experimentos são favoráveis à implantação do método de combustão in-situ e devem servir de guia para o projeto piloto de campo. / Abstract: The present work refers to an experimental study on oil recovery by in-situ combustion. Experimental tests were performed with a heavy oil of 12.8ºAPI from a Brazilian onshore field with the main purpose to survey the influence of clay content in the reservoir rock with initial oil saturations ranging from 25 to 50%. A specific apparatus used can be described in: gas injection system, combustion tube, fluid production system, gas analysis system and control and data recording system. The results indicate that the in-situ combustion method is technically applicable to the rock-fluid system tested. Moreover, the tests were useful in providing the proper range of parameters for the oxidation reactions to occur. Clay has proved to play a key role on fuel deposition and, consequently, on propagation of the combustion front. In a clean sand rock medium, the combustion front was not self-sustained, while with its presence sustainable combustion reactions were achieved. And the increase in oil saturation resulted in a greater fuel deposition. Front peak temperatures were recorded in the range of 457 - 501 ºC for oil recovery factors greater than 84%. Results show combustion front velocities to span between 14.1 to 18.3 cm/h. Worth mentioning, upgradings of 3.2º to 8.4º API were observed in the produced oil. The basic combustion parameters - fuel consumption, air requirement, air-fuel ratio, atomic H/C ratio, oxygen utilization - obtained during the experiments are favorable to the implementation of insitu combustion and shall be used as a guide to the pilot project planned for the field. / Mestrado / Reservatórios e Gestão / Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo

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