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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Η εντατική περιεγχειρητική αναλγησία μειώνει την ένταση, την επίπτωση και τη συχνότητα του πόνου φάντασμα μετά από ακρωτηριασμό κάτω άκρου : μια προοπτική, τυχαιοποιημένη, διπλή τυφλή κλινική μελέτη / Optimized perioperative analgesia reduces chronic phantom limb pain intensity, prevalence and frequency : a prospective, randomized, clinical trial

Αρέθα, Διαμάντω 10 August 2011 (has links)
Η παρουσία σοβαρού ισχαιμικού πόνου πριν από τον ακρωτηριασμό κάτω άκρου πολύ συχνά συνοδεύεται από την ανάπτυξη πόνου φάντασμα. Ερευνήσαμε αν η εντατική περιεγχειρητική αναλγησία μειώνει την ανάπτυξη πόνου φάντασμα 6 μήνες μετά τον ακρωτηριασμό. Μεθοδολογία: Σε συνολικά 65 ασθενείς πραγματοποιήθηκε προγραμματισμένος ακρωτηριασμός κάτω άκρου. Οι ασθενείς τυχαιοποιήθηκαν σε 5 ομάδες αναλγησίας: (1) Οι ασθενείς της ομάδας Επι/Επι/Επι έλαβαν περιεγχειρητικά επισκληρίδια αναλγησία και επισκληρίδιο αναισθησία; (2) Οι ασθενείς της ομάδας PCA/Επι/Επι έλαβαν προεγχειρητικά ενδοφλέβια αναλγησία ελεγχόμενη από τον ασθενή (Patient Controlled Analgesia-PCA), μετεγχειρητικά επισκληρίδιο αναλγησία και επισκηρίδιο αναισθησία; (3) Οι ασθενείς της ομάδας PCA/Επι/PCA έλαβαν περιεγχειρητικά ενδοφλέβια PCA και επισκληρίδιο αναισθησία; (4) Οι ασθενείς της ομάδας PCA/ΓΑ/PCA έλαβαν περιεγχειρητικά ενδοφλέβια PCA και γενική αναισθησία (ΓΑ); (5) Οι ασθενείς της ομάδας ελέγχου έλαβαν συμβατική αναλγησία και ΓΑ. Η επισκηρίδιος αναλγησία ή η ενδοφλέβια PCA ξεκινούσε 48 ώρες προεγχειρητικά και συνεχιζόταν για 48 ώρες μετεγχειρητικά. Τα αποτελέσματα της κλίμακας πόνου VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) και της κλίμακας πόνου McGill καταγραφόταν περιεγχειρητικά και στον 1 και 6 μήνες. Αποτελέσματα: Στους 6 μήνες, η ενδιάμεσες (median) τιμές (ελάχιστη-μέγιστη, minimum–maximum) του πόνου φάντασμα (Phantom Limb Pain – PLP) και οι τιμές P (ομάδες παρέμβασης έναντι ομάδας ελέγχου) για την κλίμακα πόνου VAS (Visual Analogue Scale) ήταν οι ακόλουθες: 0 (0–20) για την ομάδα Επι/Επι/Επι (P = 0.001), 0 (0–42) για την ομάδα PCA/Επι/Επι (P = 0.014), 20 (0–40) για την ομάδα PCA/Επι/PCA (P = 0.532), 0 (0–30) για την ομάδα PCA/ΓΑ/ PCA (P = 0.008), και 20 (0–58) για την ομάδα ελέγχου. Οι τιμές για την κλίμακα πόνου McGill (McGill Pain Questionnaire) ήταν οι ακόλουθες: 0 (0–7) για την ομάδα Επι/Επι/Επι (P = 0.001), 0 (0–9) για την ομάδα PCA/Επι/Επι (P = 0.003), 6 (0–11) για την ομάδα PCA/Επι/PCA (P = 0.208), 0 (0–9) για την ομάδα PCA/ΓΑ/PCA (P = 0.003), και 7 (0–15) για την ομάδα ελέγχου. Στους 6 μήνες πόνος φάντασμα παρουσιάστηκε σε 1 από τους 13 ασθενείς της ομάδας Επι/Επι/Επι, σε 4 από τους 13 ασθενείς της ομάδας PCA/Επι/Επι, και σε 3 από τους 13 ασθενείς της ομάδας PCA/ΓΑ/PCA έναντι 9 από τους 12 ασθενείς της ομάδας ελέγχου (P=0.001, P=0.027, και P=0.009, αντίστοιχα). Ο πόνος κολοβώματος στους 6 μήνες ήταν ασήμαντος. Συμπεράσματα: Η χρήση εντατικήςς αναλγησίας, με χρήση επισκληριδίου ή ενδοφλέβιας PCA, η οποία ξεκινάει 48 ώρες προεγχειρητικά και συνεχίζεται για 48 ώρες μετεγχειρητικά, μειώνει τον πόνο φάντασμα στους 6 μήνες. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov, number NCT00443404 / Severe preamputation pain is associated with phantom limb pain (PLP) development in limb amputees. We investigated whether optimized perioperative analgesia reduces PLP at 6-month follow-up. Methods: A total of 65 patients underwent lower-limb amputation and were assigned to five analgesic regimens: (1) Epi/Epi/Epi patients received perioperative epidural analgesia and epidural anesthesia; (2) PCA/Epi/Epi patients received preoperative intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), postoperative epidural analgesia, and epidural anesthesia; (3) PCA/Epi/PCA patients received perioperative intravenous PCA and epidural anesthesia; (4) PCA/GA/PCA patients received perioperative intravenous PCA and general anesthesia (GA); (5) controls received conventional analgesia and GA. Epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA started 48 h preoperatively and continued 48 h postoperatively. The results of the visual analog scale and the McGill Pain Questionnaire were recorded perioperatively and at 1 and 6 months. Results: At 6 months, median (minimum–maximum) PLP and P values (intervention groups vs. control group) for the visual analog scale were as follows: 0 (0–20) for Epi/Epi/Epi (P _ 0.001), 0 (0–42) for PCA/Epi/Epi (P = 0.014), 20 (0–40) for PCA/Epi/PCA (P = 0.532), 0 (0–30) for PCA/GA/ PCA (P = 0.008), and 20 (0–58) for controls. The values for the McGill Pain Questionnaire were as follows: 0 (0–7) for Epi/Epi/Epi (P = 0.001), 0 (0–9) for PCA/Epi/Epi (P = 0.003), 6 (0–11) for PCA/Epi/PCA (P = 0.208), 0 (0–9) for PCA/GA/PCA (P = 0.003), and 7 (0–15) for controls. At 6 months, PLP was present in 1 of 13 Epi/Epi/Epi, 4 of 13 PCA/Epi/Epi, and 3 of 13 PCA/GA/PCA patients versus 9 of 12 control patients (P=0.001, P=0.027, and P=0.009, respectively). Residual limb pain at 6 months was insignificant. Conclusions: Optimized epidural analgesia or intravenous PCA, starting 48 h preoperatively and continuing for 48 h postoperatively, decreases PLP at 6 months. Trial registration: Clinical Trials.gov, number NCT00443404
2

Kineziterapijos ir grįžtamojo ryšio poveikis fantominiams skausmams ir šlaunies raumenų jėgai po šlaunies amputacijos / The effect of physiotherapy and mirror therapy for phantom pain and thigh muscle force after transfemoral

Preimontaitė, Sigita 10 September 2013 (has links)
Tyrimo objektas: fantominio skausmo ir raumenų jėgos pokytis po kineziterapijos ir grįžtamojo ryšio. Tyrimo tikslas: įvertini kineziterapijos ir grįžtamojo ryšio poveikį fantominiams skausmams ir šlaunies raumenų jėgai po šlaunies amputacijos. Hipotezė: manome, kad taikant kineziterapiją ir grįžtamąjį ryšį po šlaunies amputacijos, fantominių skausmų intensyvumas sumažės ir šlaunies raumenų jėga padidės labiau, nei taikant kineziterapiją be grįžtamojo ryšio. Uždaviniai: 1. Palyginti fantominių skausmų intensyvumą ir šlaunies raumenų jėgą po šlaunies amputacijos kineziterapijos pradžioje ir po įprastinės be grįžtamojo ryšio kineziterapijos. 2. Palyginti fantominių skausmų intensyvumą ir šlaunies raumenų jėgą po šlaunies amputacijos kineziterapijos pradžioje ir po kineziterapijos kartu su grįžtamuoju ryšiu. 3. Palyginti įprastinės kineziterapijos ir kineziterapijos kartu su grįžtamuoju ryšiu poveikį fantominių skausmų intensyvumui ir šlaunies raumenų jėgai. Rezultatai: Tyrimo pradžioje, kontrolinės grupės tiriamieji fantominį skausmą įvertino 6,17±0,75, tiriamosios grupės tiriamieji – 6,83±0,75 balais. Tyrimo pabaigoje, kontrolinė grupė – 5,86±0,75, tiriamoji grupė – 5,17±0,75 balais. Prieš kineziterapiją kontrolinėje grupėje, po amputacijos, šlaunį tiesiančių raumenų jėga buvo 3,00±0,00, lenkiančių – 3,33±0,52, pritraukiančių – 2,83±0,51 ir atitraukiančių – 2,50±0,55 balų; tiriamojoje grupėje, šlaunį lenkiančių raumenų jėga buvo 3,17±0,47, tiesiančių – 3,00±0,00... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object: effects of physiotherapy with mirror therapy for phantom pain and thigh muscle strength after transfemoral. The objective: the alteration of phant pain and thigh muscle after physiotherapy and mirror therapy. Hyptohesis: We consider, that the application of physiotherapy with mirror therapy helps to reduce phantom pain and improve muscle strenght better than physiotherapy without mirror therapy. The aims: 1. To compare phantom pain and muscle force in the beginning of physiotherapy and after physiothepy. 2. To compare phantom pain and muscle force in the beginning of physiotherapy and after physiotherapy with mirrot therapy. 3. To compare physiotherapy with mirror therapy and physiotherapy without mirror therpy for phantom pain and muscle force. Results: Beginning of the study, the control group subjects phantom pain score 6.17 ± 0.75, experimental group subjects - 6.83 ± 0.75 points. End of the study, the control group - 5.86 ± 0.75, experimental group - 5.17 ± 0.75 points. Before physical therapy in the control group after the amputation, the thigh muscle stretching force was 3.00 ± 0.00, flexion - 3.33 ± 0.52, attracting - 2.83 ± 0.51 and distracting - 2.50 ± 0.55 scores, the experimental group, the thigh, the muscle strength was 3.17 ± 0.47, stretching - 3.00±0.00, attracting - 2.67±0.47 and distracting-2.83±0.37 points. Application of physical therapy procedures, after 3 weeks, the control group, after the amputation, the thigh flexion strength was 4.33 ± 0... [to full text]
3

Patienters upplevelse av att förlora en extremitet : En litteraturöversikt / Patients' experience of losing an extremity

Johansson, Lena, Spång, Maria January 2020 (has links)
I Sverige utförs amputationer vanligtvis till följd av nedsatt blodcirkulation. Efter amputation kan fantomsmärta och andra problem uppstå, vilket kan påverka livskvalitén. Syftet med den här litteraturöversikten är att beskriva patienters upplevelse av livskvalitén i det dagliga livet efter att ha fått en nedre extremitet amputerad. Litteraturöversikten är en studentuppsats på kandidatnivå där tio artiklar granskades. Resultatet visade tre huvudteman med tillhörande underteman som beskriver patienters upplevelse av livskvalitén i det dagliga livet efter amputation. Huvudteman som framkom var: Vården före och efter, livskvalité och hopp inför framtiden. Resultatet av litteraturöversikten visade på att patienter upplevde sig inte vara delaktiga i besluten och vården efter amputation. De upplevde även att fantomsmärtan påverkade livskvalitén samt att de efter amputation upplevde förlorad självständighet och att självbilden förändrades. Positiva upplevelser efter amputation påverkades av huruvida patienter accepterade sin nya situation. De som led av långvarig smärta före amputation kunde se ingreppet som en räddning till att leva ett smärtfritt liv. Sjuksköterskor bör arbeta individanpassat, möta patienters livsvärld och samverka i team för att underlätta möjligheterna att finna livskvalité samt förbättra möjligheten till återhämtning. / In Sweden, amputations are usually performed as a result of reduced blood circulation. After amputation, phantom pain and other problems can occur, which can affect the quality of life. The purpose of this literature review is to describe patients' experience of the quality of life in daily life after having a lower extremity amputated. The literature review is a student essay at the bachelor's level where ten articles were reviewed. The results showed three main themes with associated sub-themes that describe patients' experience of the quality of life in daily life after amputation. The main themes that emerged were: Care before and after, quality of life and hope for the future. The results of the literature review showed that patients did not feel involved in the decisions and care after amputation. They also experienced that phantom pain affected the quality of life and that after amputation they experienced lost independence and that their self-image changed. Positive experiences after amputation were affected by whether patients accepted their new situation. Those who suffered from prolonged pain before amputation could see the procedure as a salvation to live a pain-free life. Nurses should work individually, meet patients' worlds of life and collaborate in teams to facilitate the opportunities to find quality of life and improve the possibility of recovery.
4

Patienters upplevelser av fantomsmärta : En litteraturstudie / Patients’ Experience Of Phantom Pain : A literature review

Bengtsson, Michela, Aursnes, Moa January 2023 (has links)
Bakgrund: Antalet amputationer ökar successivt varje år i Sverige och därmed möter sjuksköterskor allt fler patienter som har fantomsmärtor. För att kunna möta dessa patienter behöver sjuksköterskan ha kunskap om och förståelse för fenomenet fantomsmärta. Detta för att kunna utföra en personcentrerad vård, lindra smärta och för att kunna ge en säker vård. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva patienters upplevelser av fantomsmärta. Metod: Litteraturstudien utgår från elva artiklar med en kvalitativ ansats. Databassökningar genomfördes i Cinahl och PubMed. Litteraturstudiens valda artiklar har kvalitetsgranskats.Artiklarna analyserades systematiskt och kategoriserades i kategorier och underkategorier. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i två kategorier: fantomsmärtan ter sig på olika sätt och användning av copingstrategier. Kategorin fantomsmärtanter sig på olika sätt underbyggdes med tre underkategorier: varierande smärtförnimmelser, påverkad psykisk hälsa och påverkad social hälsa. Kategorin användning av olika copingstrategier underbyggdes med två underkategorier: behov av hanteringsstrategier och behov av information. Konklusion: Patienterna upplevde att fantomsmärtan var en individuell upplevelse som påverkade varje patient på olika plan, vilket genererade i ett varierande behov av stöd och hantering. Genom att förstå att fantomsmärta är en individuell upplevelse kan sjuksköterskan anpassa sin omvårdnad för att möta varje patients unika behov och möjliggöra en personcentrerad vård. / Background: In Sweden, the number of amputations increase annually. As a result, registered nurses are expected to meet patients with phantom pain to a larger extent. Hence, registered nurses must have knowledge and understanding about phantom pain in order to perform person-centered care and provide safe care. Aim: The purpose of the literature review was to describe patients' experiences with phantom pain. Method: The literature review is based articles on a qualitative approach. Database searches were conducted in Cinahl and PubMed. The included articles for this literature review have been quality reviewed. The articles were systematically analyzed and categorized into themes and subthemes. Results: The analysis resulted in two main categories: the phantom pain manifests itself in different ways and the use of coping strategies. The main category phantom pain manifests itself in different ways was substantiated with three subcategories: varying pain sensations, affected mental health and affected social health. The main category use of different coping strategies was supported with two subcategories: need for coping strategies and need for information.Conclusion: The patients felt that the phantom pain was an individual experience that affected each patient in a different way, which generated a varying need for support and coping strategies. By understanding that phantom pain is an individual experience, the nurse can adjust the care to meet each patient's unique needs and enable person-centered care.
5

Effekt av spegelterapi som en omvårdnadsåtgärd för smärtlindring av fantomsmärtor: En kvantitativ litteraturstudie / The Effect of Mirror Therapy as a Nursing Treatment for Reducing Phantom Limb Pain: A Quantitative Litterature Study

Piri, Emelie, Rydström, Emilia January 2023 (has links)
Bakgrund: Majoriteten av de personer som genomgått ett amputationsingrepp drabbas av fantomsmärta. Trots att fantomsmärta är ett vanligt fenomen inom denna patientgrupp så är det ofta missförstått och det föreligger problem förknippade med hanteringen av fantomsmärtor. Tidigare forskning har visat inkonsekventa resultat som varierar från en forskare till en annan och komplexiteten med fantomsmärta har lett till behandlingsresultat med varierande effekt. I första hand har farmakologisk behandling använts, men många patienters smärta förblir refraktär mot farmakologiska medel och kräver därför andra alternativ. En alternativ behandling som först föreslogs i början på 1990-talet i vårdandet av fantomsmärta är spegelterapi. Spegelterapi kan användas som en omvårdnadsåtgärd för att smärtlindra fantomsmärtor och ska minska den amputerade kroppsdelens smärta.Syfte: Syftet med föreliggande litteraturstudie är att belysa effekten av spegelterapi som en omvårdnadsåtgärd för smärtlindring av fantomsmärtor.Metod: Metoden som använts är systematisk databassökning i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl. Litteraturstudien baseras på 10 vetenskapliga studier med kvantitativ studiedesign.Resultat: Litteraturstudiens syfte blev besvarat och kunde fastställa att spegelterapi har en smärtlindrande effekt för fantomsmärtor. Ett bifynd var att interventionen även bidrar till enförbättrad livskvalitet. Således delades resultatet in i två huvudteman: Spegelterapins smärtlindrande effekt utifrån olika smärtskattningsskalor samt påverkan på livskvaliteten. De frågor som ställts är om spegelterapi är en omvårdnadsåtgärd som kan användas i praktiken.Konklusion: Spegelterapi har en smärtlindrande effekt och minskar fantomsmärtor. Ett bifynd var att interventionen även bidrar till en förbättrad livskvalitet samt ökar välmåendet hos amputerade personer som lider av fantomsmärtor. Spegelterapi hade kunnat användas i praktiken efter att ha blivit optimerad och där en standardmetod för spegelterapi tagits fram. Däremot krävs det vidare forskning om spegelterapi. / Background: The majority of amputees suffer from phantom pain. Although phantom pain isa common phenomenon, it is often misunderstood and there are often problems with themanagement of phantom pain. Previous research has shown inconsistent results that varyfrom one researcher to another. The complexity with phantom limb pain has led to treatmentresults with varying effects. Primarily pharmaceuticals have been the main treatment. But many patients' discomfort still remains and the need for alternative treatment options isimperative. One alternative treatment is mirror therapy which was first suggested in thebeginning of the 1990’s century. Mirror therapy is supposed to reduce the phantom limb pain.Aim: The aim of this literature review is to highlight the effect of mirror therapy as a nursing treatment for reducing phantom limb pain.Method: The method that is used is a systematic database search in PubMed and Cinahl. The literature study is based on 10 scientific articles with a quantitative study design.Result: The literature study proved that mirror therapy is effective for reducing phantom limb pain. A secondary finding was the improvement of quality of life. Therefore the result was divided into two main themes: Change in phantom pain based on different pain assessment scales and the impact on the quality of life. Questions that were asked are whether mirror therapy is an intervention that can be used in the treatment of the phenomenon.Conclusion: Mirror therapy does reduce phantom pain in amputees. A secondary finding was that the intervention also contributes to a better quality of life and increases the well-being for the amputee. Mirror therapy could be practically applied after a standard method has been produced. However, further research is needed on mirror therapy.
6

Nursing Management and Mirror Therapy for Phantom Limb Pain

Henry, Bridget 01 January 2016 (has links)
Phantom limb pain may occur after the accidental removal or surgical amputation of a limb. Phantom limb pain is the experience of pain in the limb that is no longer present. The clinical management of phantom limb pain is essential in the overall reduction of patient rehabilitation and poor patient outcomes. A patient’s degree of phantom limb pain is influenced by their personal response to loss and pain and can have devastating effects to a person’s social performance, occupational role, family role, relationships, and involvement in activities or hobbies. Like most chronic pain, phantom limb pain decreases the quality of life. Not all amputees who suffer from chronic pain respond to traditional therapies. The purpose of this integrated review of the literature was to explore current research and determine the efficacy of mirror therapy in the treatment of Phantom limb pain in amputees. A database search of CINAHL, PubMed (MEDLINE), and OneSearch was conducted. Mirror therapy had no reported side effects, was inexpensive, and was capable of being practiced at home and at the bedside. Relevant findings in the literature revealed a significant decrease in phantom limb pain when using mirror therapy for more than 4 weeks. Although limited research on the use of mirror therapy as an intervention for amputees, existing research supports the efficacy of mirror therapy for the management of phantom limb pain. Nurses and healthcare providers need education on mirror therapy to advocate for their patients to ensure the best possible outcome and reduction of phantom limb pain. Further research on mirror therapy is needed.

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