International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California / The architecture of the High Rate (600 Mega-bits per second) Digital Demodulator (HRDD) ASIC capable of demodulating BPSK and QPSK modulated data is presented in this paper. The advantages of all-digital processing include increased flexibility and reliability with reduced reproduction costs. Conventional serial digital processing would require high processing rates necessitating a hardware implementation other than CMOS technology such as Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) which has high cost and power requirements. It is more desirable to use CMOS technology with its lower power requirements and higher gate density. However, digital demodulation of high data rates in CMOS requires parallel algorithms to process the sampled data at a rate lower than the data rate. The parallel processing algorithms described here were developed jointly by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). The resulting all-digital receiver has the capability to demodulate BPSK, QPSK, OQPSK, and DQPSK at data rates in excess of 300 Mega-bits per second (Mbps) per channel. This paper will provide an overview of the parallel architecture and features of the HRDR ASIC. In addition, this paper will provide an overview of the implementation of the hardware architectures used to create flexibility over conventional high rate analog or hybrid receivers. This flexibility includes a wide range of data rates, modulation schemes, and operating environments. In conclusion it will be shown how this high rate digital demodulator can be used with an off-the-shelf A/D and a flexible analog front end, both of which are numerically computer controlled, to produce a very flexible, low cost high rate digital receiver.

In phase shift interferometry (PSI), several factors affect measurement accuracy, such as piezoelectric transducer (PZT) calibration (i.e. PZT slope error) and PZT nonlinearity, vibration, spurious reflection, source bandwidth, detector nonlinearity, and detector noise. The effects of these error sources on several algorithms to solve the phase of the wavefront are studied. When the simple arctangent formula is used, if the PZT slope is properly adjusted, the error due to the PZT quadratic nonlinearity can be tremendously reduced. An exact solution is derived to remove the error when the PZT quadratic nonlinearity is large. Although Carre's formula is insensitive to PZT slope, this formula is more sensitive to the detector nonlinearity than the simple arctangent formula. For most error sources, the error of the phase solved has a double-frequency characteristic. Thus, averaging two measured phases of two runs, which have a ninety degree phase shift related to each other, can effectively reduce the error. For a small vibration, the phase error has a very simple relation to the vibration amplitude, and a very complex relation to the vibration frequency. Although the error caused by vibration has this double-frequency characteristic, the averaging technique does not apply. The error caused by spurious reflection does not have such a characteristic. A new algorithm is proposed to eliminate the phase error caused by certain types of spurious reflection. When detector noise is concerned, the phase error is inversely proportional to the modulation of the intensity times the square root of the number of steps/buckets. For the shot noise, the phase error is inversely proportional to the fringe contrast times the square root of the total number of photons. In practice, the shot noise is very much smaller than the detector noise. In a practical environment, PZT calibration, vibration, and spurious reflection have much more prominent effects on the PSI than the source bandwidth, detector nonlinearity, and detector noise. When spurious reflection and vibration are under control, and the signal-to-noise ratio is about 20, the PSI has an accuracy of 2 degrees, i.e. 3.3nm at 633nm. Because vibration and detector noise are random error sources, the errors caused by them can be reduced by averaging many measurements. However, the error caused by the other discussed sources cannot be reduced by averaging many measurements.

ITC/USA 2010 Conference Proceedings / The Forty-Sixth Annual International Telemetering Conference and Technical Exhibition / October 25-28, 2010 / Town and Country Resort & Convention Center, San Diego, California / In this article we present results from modeling and simulation of a L-band reflection type phase shifter (RTPS) that provides continuous phase shift of 0° to 360°. The RTPS circuit uses a 90º hybrid coupler and two reflective load networks consisting of varactor diodes and inductors. Proper design of 90° hybrid coupler is critical in realizing maximum phase shift. The RTPS circuit implemented on a Rogers Duroid substrate is large in size. We discuss methods to reduce the size of L-band RTPS.

Coral community at Tiaoshi in Nanwan Bay, southern Taiwan was originally dominated by branching Acropora corals which formed some monopolized patches. The community had been changed apparently on a local scale (<2 km) since 1994. Several Acropora patches were almost completely replaced by the solitary sea anemone Condylactis sp. after man-made and typhoon disturbances. However, sea anemones were apparently decreased in 2002. To understand the change of the benthic communities, three areas, including Anemone-dominated, Coral-recovery and Acropora-dominated, at depths of 6 to 10 m were selected and monitored by permanent transects from 2003 to 2005. Each site included three replicate patches. At Anemone-dominated area, the mean cover of sea anemone ranged from 24.6 to 15.3% and that of the hard corals was low with 1.4 to 3.9%. At Coral-recovery area, the mean cover of the hard corals was significantly increased from 21.3 to 38.9%, while macroalgae was significantly decreased from 20.7 to 6.1% and sea anemone was low with 1.4 to 3.0%. At Acropora-dominated area, the cover of the hard corals was ranged from 70.0 to 56.6% while macroalgae and anemone was 1.1 - 3.4% and 3.5 - 4.7%, respectively. In general, the results showed that anemone and macroalgae were decreased and corals were recovery. In addition, the diversity index of coral genera at Anemone-dominated area was higher due to coral recruitment in 2004 and 2005. The new recruits were dominated by Montipora stellata.

The development of a DC-DC converter for use in a proposed range of one to ten kilowatt off-line power supplies is presented. The converter makes good use of established design practices and recent technical advances. The thesis begins with a review of traditional design practices, which are used in the design of a 3kW, 48V output DC-DC converter, as a bench-mark for evaluation of recent technical advances. Advances evaluated include new converter circuits, control techniques, components, and magnetic component designs. Converter circuits using zero voltage switching (ZVS) transitions offer significant advantages for this application. Of the published converters which have ZVS transitions the phase shift controlled full bridge converter is the most suitable, and assessments of variations on this circuit are presented. During the course of the research it was realised that the ZVS range of one leg of the phase shift controlled full bridge converter could be extended by altering the switching pattern, and this new switching pattern is proposed. A detailed analysis of phase shift controlled full bridge converter operation uncovers a number of operational findings which give a better and more complete understanding of converter operation than hitherto published. Converter design equations and guidelines are presented and the effects of the new improvement are investigated by an approximate analysis. Computer simulations using PSPICE2 are carried out to predict converter performance. A prototype converter design, construction details and test results are given. The results obtained compare well to the predicted performance and confirm the advantages of the new switching pattern.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, June, 2002. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 47-48).

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, November, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-77)

Thesis (M.S. in Electrical Engineering) Naval Postgraduate School, March 1997. / Thesis advisors, Tri T. Ha, R. Clark Robertson. AD-A331 918. Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-70). Also available online.

Thesis (M.S.)--Ohio University, November, 2004. / Title from PDF t.p. Includes bibliographical references (p. 76-77)

In this letter, we propose all-dielectric Huygens' metasurface structures to construct high numerical aperture flat lenses and beam deflecting devices. The designed metasurface consists of two-dimensional array of all dielectric nanodisk resonators with spatially varying radii, thereby introducing judiciously designed phase shift to the propagating light. Owing to the overlap of Mie-type magnetic and electric resonances, high transmission was achieved with rigorous design analysis. The designed flat lenses have numerical aperture value of 0.85 and transmission values around 80%. It also offers easy fabrication and compatibility with available semiconductor technology. This spectrally and physically scalable, versatile design could implement efficient wavefront manipulation or beam shaping for high power laser beams, as well as various optical microscopy applications without requiring plasmonic structures that are susceptible to ohmic loss of metals and sensitive to the polarization of light.