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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Stress oxydant chez E. Coli : maturation du régulateur transcriptionnel SoxR : effet du dioxyde de carbone sur le stress au péroxyde d'hydrogène / Oxidative stress in E. coli : maturation of the transcriptionnal regulator SoxR : carbon dioxide effect on hydrogen peroxide stress

Gerstel, Audrey 18 December 2015 (has links)
SoxR est un régulateur transcriptionnel à centre [2Fe-2S] qui induit une réponse adaptative permettant à E. coli de résister aux composés redox actifs, générateurs de stress superoxyde. En présence de composés redox actifs, le centre [2Fe-2S] de SoxR est oxydé ce qui lui permet d’activer l’expression du gène soxS codant pour un régulateur transcriptionnel activant l’expression d’une centaine de gènes. Parmi les gènes du régulon SoxRS on trouve ceux permettant de résister au superoxyde mais aussi aux antibiotiques. J’ai montré qu’en présence de phénazine méthosulfate (PMS), un composé redox actif, la machinerie de biogénèse des centres Fe-S utilisée pour la maturation de SoxR est différente suivant les conditions environnementales. En effet, en aérobie la maturation de SoxR est assurée par la machinerie SUF, alors qu’en anaérobie c’est la machinerie ISC qui intervient. J’ai également étudié l’importance de SoxR, et des machineries ISC et SUF, dans la résistance aux antibiotiques induite par la présence de PMS. J’ai montré qu’en présence de PMS, E. coli peut résister à la norfloxacine, par un mécanisme SoxR dépendent, et ceci quelque soit la machinerie de biogénèse des centres FeS présente. D’autre part, j’ai étudié l’impact des conditions environnementales, comme la teneur en CO2 dans l’atmosphère sur la capacité d’ E. coli à résister au stress oxydant. J’ai testé, expérimentalement les prédictions obtenues par un modèle d’équations différentielles permettant de simuler la concentration des ROS dans la cellule. J’ai montré que le CO2 a un effet de protection lors d’un stress au H2O2 probablement en capturant les HO• produits par la réaction de Fenton. / SoxR is a [2Fe-2S] cluster-containing transcriptional regulator that mounts the adaptive response allowing E. coli to tolerate superoxide-propagating compounds. When cells are exposed to redox cycling drugs the Fe-S cluster of SoxR undergoes a reversible univalent oxidation to yield the oxidized active protein. The only known target of SoxR is the soxS gene that is itself a transcriptional regulator activating the expression of more than 100 genes including those for superoxide and antibiotic resistance. I showed that the machinery used to mature SoxR under phenazine methosulfate (PMS) exposition, a redox cycling drug, was different depending on the environmental conditions used. In aerobiosis, the SUF machinery ensured SoxR maturation, while in anaerobiosis the ISC machinery was required. I also monitored the implication of SoxR, the ISC and SUF machineries, in antibiotic resistance induced by PMS exposition. I showed that E. coli can resist to norfloxacin under PMS exposition in a SoxR-dependent manner whatever the Fe-S cluster biogenesis machinery available. Last, I studied the impact of environmental conditions, such as atmospheric CO2 concentration, on the ability of E. coli to cope with oxidative stress. I have experimentally tested the predictions obtained by a mathematical model that simulates ROS dynamics. I showed that carbon dioxide has a protective effect on hydrogen peroxide stress likely by scavenging the radical hydroxyl produced by the Fenton reaction.
22

Isolation, Purification and Structure Elucidation of New Secondary Metabolites from Terrestrial, Marine, and Ruminal Microorganisms / Isolation, Purification and Structure Elucidation of New Secondary Metabolites from Terrestrial, Marine, and Ruminal Microorganisms

Zendah, Imene 13 July 2012 (has links)
No description available.
23

Involvement of the chloroplastic photosynthetically electron transport in the differential expression of nuclear genes Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase (MSR) isoforms by excess light in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Tseng, Yu-Lu 28 June 2011 (has links)
Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) and MSRB are responsible for the repairing of methionine-R-sulfoxide (Met-S-SO) and methionine-S-sulfoxide (Met-R-SO) back to me-thionine, respectively. Five MSRA isoforms and four MSRB isoforms are discovered in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Whether high light regulates CrMSR ex-pression via photosynthetic electron transport (PET) was examined. By checking the se-quence of PCR product of each isoform, quantitative real-time primers were designed for discrimination of isoform expression. Light ≥ 300 £gE m-2 s-1 and PET inhibitors inhibited PSII activity (Fv/Fm, Fv´/Fm´) and photosynthetic O2 evolution rate, particularly 1,000 £gE m-2 s-1, in which it did not recover after 3 h. A transfer to dark decreased CrMSRA2, CrMSRA3, CrMSRB1.1, CrMSRB1.2, CrMSRB2.1 mRNA levels but increased CrMSRA4 mRNA levels. When exposed to 50, 300, 600, or 1,000 £gE m-2 s-1, CrMSRA2, CrMSRA3, CrMSRA5, CrMSRB1.1, CrMSRB2.1 and CrMSRB2.2 mRNA levels increased as light ≥ 300 £gE m-2 s-1, and concomitantly CrMSRA4 mRNA level decreased. Changes in mRNA levels increased as light intensity increased. The treatment of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) in 1,000 £gE m-2 s-1 inhibited high light effect, and the treatment of 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6- isopropyl-p- benzoquinone (DBMIB) in 50 £gE m-2 s-1 increased CrMSRA3, CrMSRA5 and CrMSRB2.2 mRNA levels but decreased CrMSRA4 mRNA level. The application of phena-zine methosulfate (PMS), an electron donor to P700+ that promotes cyclic electron transport, in 300 £gE m-2 s-1 enhanced the increase of CrMSRA3 and CrMSRA5 mRNA levels by high light but inhibited the decrease of CrMSRA4 mRNA level, reflecting a role of cyclic PET. The above results let us to draw a conclusion that plastoquinone as reduced status mediates the expression of CrMSRA3, CrMSRA4, CrMSRA5 and CrMSRB2.2 by high light. The im-plication of linear electron transport and cyclic electron transport on the regulation of CrMSR gene expression will be discussed.We speculated that the high light up-regulation of CrMSR mRNA expression offers the resistance of Chlamydomonas to photooxidative stress.
24

Azacalixphyrines : émergence d'une nouvelle famille de tétraazamacrocycles aromatiques / Azacalixphyrins : emergence of a new family of aromatic tetraazamacrocycles

Chen, Zhongrui 19 November 2015 (has links)
Les travaux de thèse présentés dans ce mémoire ont ciblé trois familles de molécules π-conjuguées et s’inscrivent plus particulièrement dans le développement de la chimie des amino-azacalixarènes et des dérivés de phénazine, et d’une nouvelle classe de tétraazamacrocycles aromatiques appelés « azacalixphyrine ». Ces composés étant émergents dans la littérature, nous avons volontairement porté nos efforts sur la synthèse et la compréhension de ces nouveaux systèmes π-conjugués afin d’élaborer de nouvelles voies de synthèse mais aussi, le cas échéant, d’établir des relations structure / propriétés. L’accès synthétique à ces composés est basé sur des réactions de substitutions nucléophiles aromatiques. De nouveaux outils moléculaires sont ainsi proposés pour différentes applications dans le domaine de l’énergie, des matériaux et/ou de la santé. / The thesis work deals with three families of π-conjugated molecules and particularly focuses on amino-azacalixarenes and phenazine derivatives as well as a new class of aromatic tetraazamacrocycles named “azacalixphyrin”. Since these compounds are emerging in the literature, we have deliberately focused our efforts on their synthesis and on the physico-chemical studies of these new π-conjugated systems in order to, when it is appropriate, establish structure / properties relationships. The synthetic accesses to these compounds are mainly based on aromatic nucleophilic substitutions. All these derivatives are potentially new molecular tools for various applications in the fields of energy, materials and medicines.
25

Methanophenazin: Strukturaufklärung und Totalsynthese eines neuartigen Cofaktors aus methanogenen Archaea / Methanophenazine: Structure and Total Synthesis of a New Co-factor from Methanogenic Archaea

Tietze, Mario 02 November 2000 (has links)
No description available.

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