ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This research study examines the beliefs related to HIV/AIDS risks and the perceived effectiveness of preventative measures among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the Philippines. Using a questionnaire developed using the Health Belief Model (HBM), this study endeavors to understand beliefs and thus improve counseling guidelines for MSM who continue to engage in risky sexual behaviors following VCT and a negative HIV test. The impact of HIV/AIDS on the Philippines is beginning to increase, affecting men and their partners. The rapid growth of HIV/AIDS among Filipino MSM indicates that more attention must be paid to the barriers and benefits of condom use within this high-risk population. A background of the presence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS is presented. This study aims to answer the question of why MSM choose to have unprotected sex despite the risk of HIV/AIDS. Multiple barriers to condom use are identified, including the availability of condoms, partner resistance, and reduced pleasure. The impacts of culture and society, the media, role models, social networking, drug use, and riskseeking behavior on safer sex are assessed. Currently, supplying condoms and providing voluntary testing and counseling is the primary mode of preventing the spread of HIV/AIDS, but this study sheds light on the critical issues of condom availability, perceived benefits and barriers to condom use, and the disconnect between belief and behavior regarding HIV/AIDS and unprotected sex among MSM in the Philippines. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie is ‗n ondersoek na die gelowe (beliefs) teenoor MIV/Vigs van mans wat seks het met mans. Die studie poog verder om ondersoek in te stel na moontlike voorkomende maatreëls wat ingestel kan word om die pandemie te bekamp. Vir die doel van hierdie studie is ‗n vraelys ontwikkel , deur gebruik te maak van die Health Belief Model, met die doel om ‗n beter begrip te kry van die redes vir risikogedrag onder mans wat seks het met mans in die Fillipyne. Die voorkoms van MIV/Vigs by mans wat seks het met mans is steeds aan die toeneem in die Fillipyne en dringende maatreëls is nodig om die groei van die pandemie te beperk. Die studie gee ‗n agtergrond tot MIV/Vigs in die Fillipyne. Die ondersoek gaan dan voort om te probeer bepaal waarom risikogroepe steeds voortgaan om aan onbeskermende seksuele aktiwiteite deel te neem. Resultate van die studie toon aan dat daar verskeie faktore is wat die gebruik van kondome ontmoedig in die risikogroep wat in hierdie studie aangespreek word. Kondome is nie altyd beskikbaar nie; seksuele vennote wil nie kondome gebruik nie en die vermindering in seksuele plesier word as redes aangevoer. Hierdie studie maak ‗n betekenisvolle bydrae tot die kennisbasis van die gelowe en houdings van mans wat seks het met mans ( en dan MIV-positief raak) en sal na alle waarskynlikheid betekenisvol bydra tot die meer suksesvolle bestuur van hierdie risikogroep in die Fillipyne.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1933 L31

published_or_final_version / Botany / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Asian Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Earth Sciences / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This ethnoarchaeological study explores the economics of pottery production and distribution in the Kalinga village of Dalupa in the northern Philippines. For individual Dalupa potters, pottery production is a part-time craft specialization that fits around an intensive cultivation schedule. For the regional economic system in which Dalupa participates, pottery production is a community-based specialization that provides numerous settlements with much-needed goods. This model of community-based specialization, in which households and communities pursue multiple types of productive specialization, is common among traditional societies that anthropologists study. Yet surprisingly little is known about conditions under which village-based specialization develops. Still less is known about the factors that encourage a part-time production system to evolve into a full-time system, since ethnographic examples indicate that productive intensification characterizes a wide range of societies. Historical and social contexts of Dalupa ceramic production are explored as they affect the nature of its production system. Resource access and production parameters that archaeologists employ (e.g., scale, intensity) are influenced by capitalist penetration into the area, social relations, and the level of tribal warfare. Household pottery production scale is affected by the availability of alternative income-generating activities, which fluctuate in response to externally-imposed pressures toward development in the Cordillera highlands. Examination of Dalupa production scale (i.e., levels of inputs and outputs) over an annual cycle reveals that variability within the producer work force is related to differential economic pressures. Analyses of Dalupa production intensity (or the relative level of inputs per production entity) concentrate on dimensional variability of cooking pots. Comparisons at the inter-community and intra-community level evaluate widely-held assumptions regarding the relationship between production intensity and product standardization. This ethnoarchaeological case study provides detailed information on the relationship between production scale and distributional range in small-scale systems. Economic personalism operates in all aspects of the Dalupa pottery exchange network. Dalupa ceramics circulate within a multi-centric economy. These two processes affect the formal variation in the material record of pottery distribution. Investigating both production and distribution processes within a single economic system illuminates our understanding of prehistoric pottery economics.

There is no abstract available for this dissertation.

This study was designed to identify the functional competencies necessary for a missionary to plant churches in the Philippines, to identify how those competencies can be recognized in individual missionaries, and to determine the percentage of personnel who possess specific functional competencies.

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Thesis. 1979. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 233-236. / by Ramon C. Bacani. / M.C.P.