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This thesis is an in-depth critical analysis of the nature of the science/religion relationship. The purpose of this project is to expose the problems associated with the many fallacies related to these phenomena, and to evaluate the reasons behind certain perceptions. It outlines the damage done through years of misconceiving and misunderstanding the concepts of science and religion, and to address what led to such inadequacies in interpretation, emphasizing the use of insufficient and archaic methodologies. A number of the methodological problems that will be assessed are the following: Chapter One will focus primarily on the issues related to the definition of religion and will evaluate how this was/is a contributing factor in how ‘religion’ is received and recognized in the academic community as well as in more popular circles. The main emphasis here will be on the false conception that ‘religion’ is a stagnant concept rather than a dynamic one, and will be examined through an appraisal of its chromatic history. This will be followed by an examination of the primarily Christocentric and Western ideologies that are endemic to this field of study, and will demonstrate how these beliefs are related to the Western construction of ‘religion’ and are tied strongly to the spread of imperialism throughout the world. Chapter Two will build on these issues, through highlighting the Western conceptualizations of religion and science, especially the erroneous belief that these phenomena are universally shared. Similarly evaluated in this chapter will be a number of other factors: (1) The subjective approaches taken by some scholars who insist on making ‘science’ sound more like ‘religion’ through the use of clever machinations. (2) Related to this is the concept of inclusivism, which will call attention to the negative effects that Western biases (in academia) have on non-Western practices, mainly denuding them of their cultural uniqueness. (3) Furthermore, this chapter will examine the over simplification of complex cultural phenomena in academia and will evaluate the inefficacy of certain works in dealing with these phenomena. This will be garnished with a critical assessment of this scholarship and will gauge how years of misinformation and negligence (within the academy) has led to a troubling relationship between science and religion. This will be proceeded by a case-study of the ‘scientific movement’ known as transhumanism as a means to demonstrate the long lasting and problematic effects that years of misinterpretation has had on the popular understanding of the science/religion phenomena, from at least one perspective. This will be concluded with an examination of the future of this evolution. Evidenced here through the use of SF film, is how transhumanism, because of its relationship to science and religion and its communion with popular transcultural SF ideas, has the potential to become a site for a belief system that translates well cross-culturally and incorporates both of these phenomena.

Abstract For several years, the organic food sales have increased, and more are choosing to buy organic food of more diverse causes. Unfortunately the sales have slowed down the past year, a lot depends on the Swedish economy has been in decline and it has led to more will check one more time on the price. But even if the sale value has decreased, the amount of organic food has increased, it is because many stores have their own organic brands and they can push prices down. The internet has become a great help in our daily lives, we do most our business via the Internet. But now we are not just paying our bills through the Internet anymore, we shop clothes, movies, music and books too. E-commerce was become more serious last decade and has grown every year that has passed. What have been slow are the food sales through ecommerce but the organic food sales through e-commerce has succeeded extremely well. The study aims to find out how an ecological company that is on the Internet works and how they are working to develop the company. Through the case study, and a semi-structured interview of the company Ekolådan, have documents collected for the study. The interview was conducted with operational responsibility for Ekolådan. The survey shows that their concept originally comes from England. The concept is to sell organic fruits and vegetables in boxes that are sent to the customer's door. It was revealed that Ekolådan was one of the first in Sweden to start such a company, with it they also got a lot of free advertising. Ekolådan are working to try to help organic farms by having a long-term working relationship with them. In the future they hope that more people will start buying more organic food. But it came up in the investigation of both the marketing and placement of organic food in the stores must be better, if sales will increase. Keywords: organic food, Ekolådan and the organic market

Abstrakt Långt tillbaka i tiden i antika Egypten dyrkades Osiris, en omtyckt och respekterad dödsgud vilken lämnat spår efter sig in i nutid. Han representerade inte bara döden utan även livet självt och möjligheten till uppståndelse. Långt senare kom en ny gestaltning och inkarnation av “Döden och livet” att träda fram, en Loa av voodoo; Baron-Samedi. Två till synes helt olika gudomar från skilda religioner, kulturer och tidsepoker; men båda kopplade till den Afrikanska kontinenten.  Syftet med denna undersökning är att skapa en djupare förståelse av dessa två gudars liknande symboliska funktioner; hur skillnader yttrar sig samt hur likheterna sammanfaller. Detta är gjort genom först en litteraturstudie där olika förklaringar och åderberättelser av de båda gestalterna behandlas, sedan analyseras det funna materialet utifrån ett religionsfenomenologiskt och ett religionspsykologiskt perspektiv. Genom det valda teoretiska ramverket är målet att den undermedvetna symboliska funktionen av de båda gudarna ska kunna belysas och jämföras.  Resultaten av undersökningen visade att bilden och förståelsen av gudarna varierar beroende på vilken litterär källa man vänder sig till. Olika variationer av Osiris-myten återges och olika symbolisk tolkning presenteras. Baron-Samedi är relativt konstant i sin presentation men hur detaljerad denna är beror på källa. Det material som samlades in är tillräcklig för att utifrån den kunna göra en analys och se att de båda två kan tolkas som en religionsfenomenologisk arketyp och som en Jungiansk transcendens symbol och medel för en individuationsprocess. Trots sina yttre skillnader och skilda kontexter, så fyller de båda dödsgudarna samma funktion i form av att förkroppsliga behovet av frigörelse, personlig utveckling och upplysning. Hur denna funktion yttrar sig och hur denna kontakt med gudarna formas skiljer sig dock åt dock mellan de båda gestalterna. Nyckelord: Jämförandestudie; Osiris, Baron-Samedi; Religionsfenomenologi; Mircea Eliade; Jungiansk Psykologi; Carl G. Jung; Transcendens

The aim of this paper is to explore the perceptions which students who study Religious Education experiences regarding the education that they receive. The study has been done by using a survey in which upper secondary students have participated. The research is based on the problems, which the result of earlier research claims to be a part of the Swedish Religious Education. These difficulties are a result of an education focusing on facts, minimized discussion regarding contemporary questions and not enough time given to reflect over the self and the pupils’ own identity. The findings of this study thus counter these claims of Religious Education with the students’ own perceptions as point of reference. The study concludes that many of the questioned students experience the education as non-relevant for them personally, but that it is an important part of cultivating the society.

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The notion of ineffability (of that which is, in principle, resistant to conceptual formulation and therefore literal linguistic articulation) has been largely ignored by philosophers. The notion is clearly a central one in the Christian mystical tradition and in more recent apophatic theological developments. Mid-twentieth-century philosophical discussions of mysticism invoked the idea and a number of phenomenologists share a sense that the meaningful human world is answerable to some 'background' that is inarticulable and mysterious. But, despite this, the logical implications of the notion of ineffability for religious experience, language and practice have not been explicitly and systematically thought through. This thesis, restricted to a dual focus on twentieth-century and contemporary philosophy and on the Christian religion, attempts to address this neglect. After reviewing the philosophical, and some theological, literature on the notion of ineffability in religion, this thesis identifies a philosophical tension between the notions of 'ineffability' and 'answerability', between the idea that the ineffable is beyond conceptualization and that some kind of experience, language or practice connected with it is required if the notion is to be meaningfully invoked, let alone (as in a religious context) serve as the measure for the meaning of the human world. In this connexion, the meaning of the word 'God' is interpreted as a reference to the concept of ineffability. A recent philosophical defence of the concept is endorsed which, rooted in existential phenomenology and Heidegger's later philosophy, resolves this tension. The detail of theological attempts, by Paul Tillich and John Macquarrie, to accommodate this line of thought as directly inherited from the phenomenologists (especially Heidegger) is examined and criticized, as, eventually, is a more promising theological possibility represented by the neglected philosophy of Karl Jaspers. The rational status of existential phenomenology (its relation to discourse conditioned by the subject-object dichotomy) is examined more closely in the light of the latter criticism. It is concluded that phenomenology's specifically philosophical way of evoking the ineffable is necessarily that of a rationally-based dialectic. The final chapter points to spheres outside philosophy, aesthetic and ritual, which cultivate the experience of the ineffable without such dialectic. It offers an 'aesthetic account of ritual meaning' and concludes by showing how the Eucharistic rite can be philosophically understood as a vehicle for religious experience and expression - the evocation and invocation of the ineffable God.

The world’s population is ageing and will continue to do so, this demographic change is considered a triumph. However, population ageing has exposed challenges, such as discrimination based on older age which has negative impact on older persons enjoyment of human rights. With it follows the question on how to best protect the elderly and their rights. Some argue that an international (UN) convention on the rights of older people is needed, while other argue against. As there is no consensus to this question the purpose of this thesis has been to examine whether there are sufficient reasons for the advancement of a UN convention on the rights of older persons. To do so, the arguments in favour of such convention has been analysed by considering the effectiveness of conventions on human rights advancement and other relevant documents. Throughout, the thesis has presumed that there is a need for stronger protection for the elderly and that the alternative to a convention is to further advance the protection within the existing international human rights system. The result of the study, based on the arguments analysed and the current practice, shows that, at present, there are insufficient reasons for the advancement of a UN convention on the rights of older persons. It suggests that the potential of strengthening the protection of older people within the international human rights system have not yet been exhausted. The study further reflects the complexity of the question on whether a UN convention on the rights of older people should be advanced. / Världens befolkning åldras och fortsätter göra så, den demografiska förändringen ses som en triumf. Med åldrandet har dock en del utmaningar uppdagats, såsom utbredd diskriminering mot personer på grund av äldre ålder, vilket har negativ påverkan på åtnjutandet av mänskliga rättigheter. Därför följer frågan på vilket vis äldre personer bäst ges skydd som möjliggör åtnjutande av mänskliga rättigheter. En del argumenterar för formulerandet av en FN-konvention för äldre personers rättigheter och en del argumenterar mot. Då det saknas konsensus i frågan är det uppsatsens syfte att undersöka huruvida en FN-konvention för äldre personers rättigheter bör formuleras. Detta görs genom att analysera de för-argument som anges för en sådan konvention genom att beakta konventioners verkan på respekt för mänskliga rättigheter och annat relevant material. Genomgående utgår uppsatsen från att behovet av stärkt skydd för äldre är verkligt och att alternativet till en FN-konvention är att stärka arbetet inom det befintliga internationella människorättssystemet. Resultatet av studien, som baseras på den argumentation som redogörs för och rådande praxis, visar att det inte finns tillräckliga skäl att, i skrivande stund, formulera en FN-konvention för äldre personers rättigheter. Den föreslår att möjligheterna för att stärka äldre personers skydd inom det befintliga internationella människorättssystemet ännu inte uttömts och att det därför finns ytterligare potential att stärka arbetet inom detta. Studien reflekterar komplexiteten kring frågan om en FN-konvention för äldre personers rättigheter bör formuleras.

<p>QC 20170118</p>

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