No description available.

Previous studies have found vocal fold hydration to be crucial for healthy function of the vocal mechanism. Surface tissue hydration facilitates efficient vocal fold oscillation. The composition of vocal fold surface fluid includes protective water and mucus layers, similar to the fluid that covers the mucosa and epithelia of the upper airway. Laryngeal dehydration has been linked to several factors such as mouth breathing, obstructive sleep apnea, dry air exposure, upper airway hypersensitivity, and certain diseases or behavioral voice use factors. Laryngeal dehydration affects phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and phonation threshold flow (PTF), defined as the pressure and flow observed at the onset of phonation, respectively. The application of topical nebulized isotonic saline (0.9% Na+Cl-) has been shown in previous work to decrease PTP. However, there are no studies examining the effects of aerosolized saline, administered supraglottally, on dehydrated excised porcine larynges. Examining the effects of aerosolized saline in an excised model is essential to determine any independent effects of this treatment in the absence of other physiologic mechanisms such as mucus secretion. This study sought to investigate the effects of aerosolized saline on dehydrated animal vocal folds to determine if the administration of supraglottic aerosolized saline, via a nebulizer, could reverse the adverse effects of laryngeal dehydration. The study included a prospective, mixed experimental design with two groups, one desiccation/aerosolization (A/B) group and a control (A) group, each comprised of five bench-mounted porcine larynges. Larynges in both groups received desiccated air (<1% relative humidity) supraglottally via custom tubing for 1-min doses until the vocal folds ceased audible phonation. Following the desiccation challenge, the A/B group received 2-min doses of aerosolized isotonic saline until phonation began again. The PTP and PTF were measured during phonation trials following each dose of the desiccation or aerosolization treatment. Significant changes in PTP and PTF were observed following both the dehydration and aerosolization treatment. The PTP increased significantly following the dehydration challenge and returned near baseline following the aerosolization treatment. The results of this investigation supported the hypothesis that the administration of aerosolized saline may reverse the adverse effects of vocal fold dehydration. Moreover, in a more physiologically realistic excised model, applying the mechanics of respiration, this study advanced the development of innovative theories related to the reversal of the adverse effects of dehydration, which may prevent the development of voice disorders.

Although combination inhaled corticosteroids (ICs) are known to cause voice disorders in otherwise vocally healthy individuals, it is unknown whether those adverse effects can be reversed by the cessation of treatment. Quantitative aerodynamic measures such as phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and phonation threshold flow (PTF) can be used to identify the development of, and recovery from, vocal pathologies. We examined the effects and reversibility of ICs on laryngeal aerodynamics. This study was a mid-project investigation as part of a larger ongoing project. The 18 larynges were from rabbits that received ICs, a control condition, or no treatment. Experimental group rabbits received ICs twice per day until inflammatory changes (e.g., erythema, edema) became visible through endoscopic observation. One experimental group (i.e., the induction group) received treatment until symptoms were observed and then larynges were harvested. The other experimental group (i.e., the reversibility group) had ICs withdrawn once visible changes were detected via endoscopy; larynges were harvested only after these changes no longer differed from baseline. Both experimental groups had corresponding control rabbits that received twice-daily nebulized saline and followed the same withdrawal and larynx harvest schedule. A final group received no treatment. During benchtop phonation trials, PTP and PTF values were determined. All data were analyzed using descriptive and parametric statistics. No significant between-group differences were observed. Descriptively, however, average PTP and PTF values for the reversibility group were lower than the induction group. Additionally, average PTP and PTF values for the reversibility group were slightly lower than the induction group. Both experimental groups had higher PTP and PTF values than the control larynges. The results of this study indicate a trend in recovery for larynges afforded a recovery period from ICs. Further testing is needed to substantiate these preliminary findings.

No description available.

Dans la rééducation selon la Méthode de la paille, on utilise des constrictions du tractus vocal, en particulier une paille (2 à 5mm de diamètre). Le débit de sortie doit être soutenu et indépendant de la fréquence. Chez un sujet expert :- PSG, PIO et débit de sortie dépendent du diamètre de la paille- PSG augmente avec la fréquence- débit et PIO sont peu sensibles à la fréquence- la différence [PSG - PIO] (ΔP) est indépendante du diamètre de la paille- le ΔP est identique au seuil de pression phonatoire (SPP) - sur les constrictives (/z/, /ʁ/ et /ʒ/), le ΔP est au-dessus du SPP- dans les enchaînements [constrictive - voyelle], le débit reste constant et la pression sousglottique baisse modérémentSur une population de 36 adultes sains, la valeur la plus basse du SPP se trouve au fondamental usuel de la voix.Sur une population de 22 sujets, les SPP s'abaissent avec la pratique des exercices. Les examens en fibro- et radiovidéoscopie, pendant et après les exercices montrent que :- les cavités sus-glottiques sont dilatées pendant et après l'exercice- la constriction glottique augmente avec la résistance à la sortie- le plan glottique s'élève légèrement avec la fréquenceDix instrumentistes à vent ont été examinés en fibrovidéoscopie : il y a une adduction des plis vocaux pendant le jeu et une importante activité synergique de la glotte sur le jeu en détaché. Les perspectives dégagées par ce travail intéressent :- la clinique, dans l'exploration des troubles de la voix.- la rééducation et la pédagogie- la phonétique (étude des interactions pavillon - source) / The reeducation according to the Methode of the straw using constrictions of the vocal tract, in particular a straw (2 in 5mm of diameter). The release flow must be steady and independent from the frequency. At a subject expert in the method: - PSG, PIO and release flow) depend on the diameter of the straw- PSG increases with the frequency- flow and PIO seem little perceptible to the variations of frequency- the difference [PSG - PIO] (ΔP) is independent from the diameter of the straw- the ΔP value is identical to the SPP - on the constrictive (/z/, /ʁ/ et /ʒ/) the ΔP is over the SPP- in the sequences [constrictive - vowel], the flow remains constant and the subglottal pressure falls moderatelyOn a population of 36 healthy adults, the lowest value of the SPP being in fundamental usual of the voice. On a population of 22 subjects, the SPP fall with the practice of the exercises. The examines with fibro- and radiovideoscopia during and after the execution of the exercises show that: - the supraglottal cavities are dilated during and after the exercise- the glottal constriction increases with the release resistance- the glottal plan rise slightly with the frequencyTen wind instrumentalists were examined with fibrovideoscopia: there is a adduction of the vocal folds during the play and an important synergic activity of the glottis during the staccato play.The perspectives cleared by this work could interest:- the clinical exploration of the voice disorders- the voice rehabilitation and pedagogy- the phonetic (study of the interactions [ tract - glottal source])