Stellar photography has found use in the calibration of mapping cameras and in determining the orientation of the stellar cameras serving as attitude sensors, e.g. the lunar mapping cameras on the NASA Apollo 15, 16, and 17 missions. The equations used to relate the image measurements to the attitude of the camera are the collinearity equations of photogrammetry. These require initial approximations to the unknown attitude angles and the use of an iterative Gaussian correction algorithm. Simpler methods are described which do not require initial approximations to the unknown angles. Two of the methods are modifications of the Church method of space resection and the third is based on the mathematical formulation of a rotation transformation about a single axis. The methods require only two images for a solution. Modifications are given for using the methods with aerial and terrestrial photographs when the camera position is known and two or more control points are imaged on a photograph. / Master of Engineering

The goal of the thesis is to investigate the importance of photographic portraits of sculptors at the turn of 1900 in history of sculpture, photography and portrait art. Impact of the portrait of sculptor in painting on the photographic portrait of sculptor and other way around is analyzed in the thesis. Novelties that photographic portraits of sculptors introduced to representation of sculptors are considered. The thesis explores the representation of women sculptors in photographic portraits and photographers’ styles. The question about how and in what context photographic portraits of sculptors can be used is discussed. The thesis has a connection to digital humanities, since Google Images and Google Lens were used to identify sculptures in some portraits, and digital collection of portraits of sculptors was created.

No description available.

Code V, an optical design program, was used to design a lens for a three-dimensional mapping application. The purpose of the lens system is to project an array of spots of light onto the object of interest. The size of the projected spots can be used to determine the distance from the lens to the object. The design criterion for this system was a 2% accuracy of position with a two lens system. The use of anamorphic and aspheric surfaces was also investigated as a means to improve the design performance.

No description available.

In this text I retell the story of a close friend of mine that went missing a few years ago. I also dive into world geographies and how they interconnect unexpectedly, for example through water.  In the Hindu scripture Shatapatha Brahmana, written between the 6th and 8th centuries BCE, one encounter scientific knowledge of geometry, observational astronomy, and many tales, where time is told in a cyclical, nonlinear way. The book recounts how the sweat dripping down the god Shiva’s head is the water of Ganges River, where the ashes of generations of deceased people travel along the currents like a miniature collection of the past. I depart from a lens-based practice to explore remains of traces of stories, contrasts between inherited cultures and gay love.  Through the migratory movement from India to Norway made by my father in the 80’s, the same period as the fathers of my Norwegian cousin’s migrated from, Algeria, Morocco, and Argentina. I came to know about the importance of the permanence as some of them stayed and influenced our cultural microcosmos of diaspora perspective. While some of them departed back again to their birth countries leaving mythical-like aura behind. From the get-go our shared upbringing in the Scandinavian landscape made us witness the ever-shifting kaleidoscope of our human existence and filling a gap between having two cultures. And a question to the difference between being of or having a minority background.  The artistic expression can be intricately intertwined with the nuanced language of gestures, transcending linguistic and cultural motifs. Through a local Indian newspaper shipped to my hometown in Norway ever since I was a child, arised a playful game of trying to understand and learn these symbols and cultural motifs.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-11T12:45:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Pontes de Oliveira.pdf: 8126533 bytes, checksum: 31a5e1d438a4986c78c5ed825a5da1b5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T12:45:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Pontes de Oliveira.pdf: 8126533 bytes, checksum: 31a5e1d438a4986c78c5ed825a5da1b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research addresses the relationship between photography and the city, having as its object of study the contemporary photography produced by walking in the city. The starting point of the research is the question "How does the interaction between the city and the photography happen, considering walking as the procedure used by photographers as a strategy to establish communication with the city?". The main assumptions raised by this question are as follows: a) for having both documentary and fictional features, the photography is an ambivalent means of communication; b) The city is also characterized by ambivalence for being an environment in which interactive experiences and habits are governed by mediative order programs; c) The interaction between the ambivalences of the photographic language and the city enhances the creation of images that make visible the processes of the city and the photographer's imaginary affected by it. In order to verify the hypotheses present in this research, an extensive literature review was carried out to support the empirical analysis of the connections between the city, image and communication, as well as the nature of the photographic language and its ambivalence characterized by documentary and fictional traits. The theoretical foundation follows the goal in each chapter, therefore, in Chapter 01, the image is studied out of a network that connects three authors: Warburg, Benjamin and Flusser. The study of the image concept aims to support the following chapters, in which the relationship between photography and the city is addressed. In Chapter 02, the theoretical foundation links concepts for thinking on the city and its communicative mediative and interactive processes, as well as its dimensions of technosphere and psychosphere, as proposed respectively, by Ferrara and Santos. There is also an investigation on the ambivalence and the specificities of the photographic language taking into account the connections among works by Barthes, Dubois, Kossoy, Soulages and Fontcuberta. Finally, Chapter 03 analyzes the procedure of walking, used by photographers as a poetic strategy to put themselves in touch with the city and seize its manifestations. Having as object of study the photographic works by Daniel Ducci, Felipe Russo, Fernando Cohen and Wesley Barba, the focus of analysis is on how photographers "fable" about the city by creating new possibilities for understanding its impositions and spontaneity proposals, considering the experience of photographing and “fabling” as gestures of resistance / Esta pesquisa trata das relações entre a fotografia e a cidade, tendo como objeto de estudo a fotografia contemporânea produzida pelo caminhar na cidade. O ponto de partida da pesquisa é a pergunta “Como se dá a interação entre a cidade e a fotografia, tendo em vista o caminhar como procedimento usado pelos fotógrafos como estratégia para se colocarem em comunicação com a cidade?”. As principais hipóteses levantadas por essa questão se constituem do seguinte modo: a) Por ter simultaneamente um caráter documental e ficcional, a fotografia é meio comunicativo ambivalente; b) A cidade também se caracteriza pela ambivalência por ser um ambiente onde se processam vivências interativas e hábitos regidos por programas de ordem mediativa; c) A interação entre as ambivalências da linguagem fotográfica e as da cidade potencializa a criação de imagens que tornam visíveis os processos da cidade e o imaginário do fotógrafo afetado por ela. A fim de verificar as hipóteses da pesquisa, realizou-se ampla revisão bibliográfica para fundamentar a análise empírica das relações entre cidade, imagem e comunicação, além da natureza da linguagem fotográfica e sua ambivalência caracterizada por traços documentais e ficcionais. A fundamentação teórica acompanha o objetivo de cada capítulo, de modo que, no capítulo 01, a Imagem é estudada a partir de uma rede que conecta três autores: Warburg, Benjamin e Flusser. O estudo do conceito de imagem tem por objetivo fundamentar os capítulos seguintes, nos quais é tratada a relação entre a fotografia e a cidade. No capítulo 02 a fundamentação teórica relaciona conceitos para pensar a cidade e seus processos comunicativos mediativos e interativos, e suas dimensões de tecnosfera e psicosfera, como proposto, respectivamente, por Ferrara e Santos. Há também uma investigação sobre a ambivalência e as especificidades da linguagem fotográfica considerando as relações entre as obras de Barthes, Dubois, Kossoy, Soulages e Fontcuberta. Por fim, o capítulo 03 analisa o procedimento de caminhar, usado pelos fotógrafos como estratégia poética para se colocar em contato com a cidade e apreender suas manifestações. Tendo como objeto de estudo os trabalhos fotográficos de Daniel Ducci, Felipe Russo, Fernando Cohen e Weslei Barba, o foco de análise se colocou sobre o modo como os fotógrafos fabulam sobre a cidade criando novas possibilidades de entendimento das imposições e espontaneidades propostas por ela, considerando as experiências de fotografar e fabular como gestos de resistência

No description available.

This research examined two issues. First, it tested whether accurate map position-finding could be performed in a photographically simulated environment. Test subjects were asked to locate map position sites represented by color 35mm slides encompassing a 360-degree panoramic view for the corresponding ground location. Second, it tested if the perspective imparted by the lens type used to photograph the panoramic views had a significant effect on the accuracy of location selection by the subjects. The two lenses tested were a 50mm (normal perspective) lens and a 28mm (moderately wide-angle) lens which distorted distance, but provided a wider field-of-view. Results indicated that: 1) subjects were able to locate a specific map position by viewing color slides; 2) map position-finding accuracy performance was more dependent on the site itself than on the 35mm slide presentation; and, 3) there appeared to be no significant difference in map position-finding accuracy performance between using views photographed with a 50mm lens and a 28mm lens. / M.S.

Roundabout installations are becoming common practice among DOTs and other local governments due to their superior safety attributes compared to other conventional at-grade intersections, especially stop-control and uncontrolled intersections. Current U.S. national guidelines for roundabout illumination recommend systematic illumination for all roundabouts. This recommendation might become a potential hindrance to desired widespread installations due to implied financial costs, especially in rural areas because the competing stop-control and uncontrolled intersections can be kept unlit. Interestingly rural roundabouts in most countries around the world are not illuminated as indicated by a recent survey of international roundabout illumination policies and standards from 45 countries. Also, review of intersection safety literature does not identify any publication that supports a systematic illumination policy of U.S. roundabouts. In fact, despite this recommendation there is no quantitative research on influence of illumination levels on nighttime safety at roundabouts and little on conventional intersections. Conversely, the literature shows a significant number of published studies which have indicated that currently recommended illumination levels on roadways can be reduced without compromising nighttime safety. This dissertation evaluates the link between roundabout crashes and different illumination levels. At the beginning of this dissertation research, there was no available repository of quantitative intersection illumination levels which could be used in highway safety research. Also, existing protocols for measurement require expensive light meters and are extremely time consuming to follow, making them impractical to use to study a large number of intersections. Consequently, this dissertation first evaluates the relationship with the best available data. The best available intersection illumination data was obtained from the Minnesota data contained in the Highway Safety Information System (HSIS). Minnesota crash and illumination data from 2003 to 2010 were analyzed. This illumination data was a qualitative description of intersection illuminating schemes and/or luminaire arrangement. Therefore, this dissertation also developed a cost-effective, accurate, and rapid method for measurement of quantitative intersection illumination data, and applied the developed protocol to a case study in Georgia. The measured intersection illumination was analyzed together with crash data obtained from GDOT for 2009 to 2014. The results of a naive analysis on the best available data indicated among other findings that the presence of lighting can provide approximately 61 percent lower total nighttime crash rate compared to the unlit condition. Also, providing illumination to the roundabout circle alone can yield about 80 percent of the benefits (55 percent reduction from unlit condition) of illuminating both the roundabout circle and approaches (66 percent reduction from unlit condition). Field test results for the camera calibration indicate that the average intersection illuminance derived from the protocol is within 4 percent difference of the actual average intersection illumination estimated from following the existing protocols. Next, despite limited roundabout data and potential issues of selection bias which could not be addressed in this dissertation, a cautious roundabout illumination specific crash modification factor was estimated with a negative binomial regression model. The model results showed that an increase of 1 lux in average roundabout illuminance will result in a 4.72 percent reduction in expected number nighttime crashes. The results of this work are useful in creating a sound framework for DOTs and other transportation agencies to determine the most appropriate level of illumination for roundabouts. This study also makes a number of significant contributions to highway safety research. First, this work is the first quantitative study on the impact of illumination on safety at roundabouts. The status-quo for highway safety research regarding the impacts of illumination had been to treat road lighting as a binary (Lit/Unlit) variable. However, even in most places without purposely-built road lighting there is usually ambient lighting from abutting facilities such as a gas stations or a store. Second, this dissertation is the first documented application of the photographic method to roundabouts. It is also the first documented application of the photographic method’s camera specific constant calibration approach to transportation field measurements. Previous documented application of the photographic method to transportation field measurements used an exposure specific calibration approach. Unlike the camera specific constant calibration approach, the exposure specific approach is rigid and field measurements must always be done at the exposure settings used in calibrating the camera. Thirdly, this work demonstrates the first developed procedure to developing uniformity (contour) plots from the photographic method. Next, this work can serve as the basis for initial efforts to create an illumination specific quantitative crash modification factor. Currently, the Highway Safety Manual is lacking in this important safety parameter. Last, but not the least this work offers procedures for collecting luminance data from the field and also documents a database of intersection illumination levels and intersection characteristics which can be used by future research.