Os agentes físicos e químicos presentes nos ambientes de trabalho podem colocar a saúde dos colaboradores em risco. A radiação ionizante é um dos agentes físicos aos quais os trabalhadores podem estar expostos. Esta radiação possui energia superior à energia de ligação dos elétrons e, desta forma, pode causar a ionização de moléculas, ou seja, causar o rompimento das ligações moleculares. A exposição de tecidos vivos a este agente pode provocar mutações genéticas nas células e a doença mais comum que pode ocorrer é o câncer. Grande parte da exposição à radiação ionizante ocorre devido à presença de radônio nos ambientes de trabalho. Ambientes de mineração são mais suscetíveis a conter este gás pois ele é emanado a partir do solo ou das rochas, principalmente quando há cominuição destes materiais. Para identificar a condição perigosa e propor medidas de controle desta exposição, é necessário que seja aplicada uma metodologia para fazer um levantamento qualitativo e quantitativo. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar uma proposta de medição, além de avaliar o risco de exposição a este gás. O estudo foi realizado em ambientes de mineração, mais especificamente nos postos de trabalho onde foi identificado que a exposição ao agente pode ser maior. As amostragens foram realizadas utilizando o equipamento RadonMapper e os resultados foram analisados e correlacionados. Foi observado que há correlação estatística no método utilizado, também pôde ser observado que as gerências dos locais em que as amostragens foram realizadas desconheciam a possibilidade de exposição ao este gás. Também foi possível indicar que em ambientes abertos, o risco da exposição a este gás é baixo. Desta forma, conclui-se que os objetivos desta dissertação foram atingidos. / Physical and chemical agents in work environments can be a risk for the health of employees. The ionizing radiation is one of the physical agents to which the workers can be exposed. This radiation have more energy than the binding of electrons and, in this way, can cause the ionization of molecules, which is to cause the molecular connections to break. The exposure of living tissue to this agent can cause genetic mutations in them and the most common disease that can occur is cancer. Much of the exposure to ionizing radiation occurs because of the presence of radon in the workplace. Mining environments are more susceptible to contain this gas because it is emanated from soil or rocks. To identify the risk and propose measures to control this exposure, it is necessary to apply a methodology to make a qualitative and quantitative analysis, this is the objective of this study, in addition to assessing the risk of exposure to this gas. The study was conducted in mining environments, more specifically in the workplace where it was identified that exposure to the agent may be higher. Samplings were performed using the RadonMapper equipment and the results were analyzed and correlated. The results indicated that there is statistical correlation in the method used, it could also be observed that the management of the locations where the samples were taken did not know the possibility of exposure to this gas. It was also possible to indicate that in open environments, the risk of exposure to this gas is low. In this way, it is concluded that the objectives of this study have been achieved.

As wireless communication services get more and more pervasively available, mobile people can easily interact with service providers and handily communicate with each other through mobile devices. In the mobile environment, mobile users can plan their activity schedules and run their schedules with the assistance of mobile devices. When mobile users are engaged in their activities, they can instantly perceive contextual information and their activity schedules therefore tend to be context dependent, i.e., mobile users may alter their objectives and decision makings as soon as the environmental context varies. Besides, for a mobile user, once any exception happens, he/she is apt to adapt his/her activity schedule to reduce the impact of the exception. In the mobile environment, since the environmental resources are limited and can¡¦t satisfy all mobile users¡¦ demands, conflicts are likely to occur while mobile users plan, alter or adapt their personal activity schedules. This study concentrates itself on resolving the conflicts. This conflict problem is formulated as a multi-criteria context-dependent DCOP (distributed constraint optimization problem). This problem is complicated and highly dynamic, and the joint optimality to this problem might be time-variant. This study proposes an integrated agents system SPA and a novel problem solving approach 2S-DORA to enable mobile users to coordinate their activities to maintain optimality. The SPA, which integrates the Simulated and Physical Agents, is employed to enhance mobile users¡¦ sensory, analytic, reasoning and social abilities. The 2S-DORA takes advantage of the SPA abilities to help mobile users quickly and effectively adapt themselves to the context variations and to the exceptions. This study takes a traveling backpacker problem as an example to demonstrate how the proposed SPA and 2S-DORA contribute to solve the multi-criteria context-dependent DCOP. Five experiments finally are designed to evaluate the performance of the application of SPA and 2S-DORA.

La tesis propone un marco de trabajo para el soporte de la toma de decisiones adecuado para soportar la ejecución distribuida de acciones cooperativas en entornos multi-agente dinámicos y complejos. Soporte para la toma de decisiones es un proceso que intenta mejorar la ejecución de la toma de decisiones en escenarios cooperativos. Este proceso ocurre continuamente en la vida diaria. Los humanos, por ejemplo, deben tomar decisiones acerca de que ropa usar, que comida comer, etc. En este sentido, un agente es definido como cualquier cosa que está situada en un entorno y que actúa, basado en su observación, su interpretación y su conocimiento acerca de su situación en tal entorno para lograr una acción en particular.Por lo tanto, para tomar decisiones, los agentes deben considerar el conocimiento que les permita ser consientes en que acciones pueden o no ejecutar. Aquí, tal proceso toma en cuenta tres parámetros de información con la intención de personificar a un agente en un entorno típicamente físico. Así, el mencionado conjunto de información es conocido como ejes de decisión, los cuales deben ser tomados por los agentes para decidir si pueden ejecutar correctamente una tarea propuesta por otro agente o humano. Los agentes, por lo tanto, pueden hacer mejores decisiones considerando y representando apropiadamente tal información. Los ejes de decisión, principalmente basados en: las condiciones ambientales, el conocimiento físico y el valor de confianza del agente, provee a los sistemas multi-agente un confiable razonamiento para alcanzar un factible y exitoso rendimiento cooperativo.Actualmente, muchos investigadores tienden a generar nuevos avances en la tecnología agente para incrementar la inteligencia, autonomía, comunicación y auto-adaptación en escenarios agentes típicamente abierto y distribuidos. En este sentido, esta investigación intenta contribuir en el desarrollo de un nuevo método que impacte tanto en las decisiones individuales como colectivas de los sistemas multi-agente. Por lo tanto, el marco de trabajo propuesto ha sido utilizado para implementar las acciones concretas involucradas en el campo de pruebas del fútbol robótico. Este campo emula los juegos de fútbol real, donde los agentes deben coordinarse, interactuar y cooperar entre ellos para solucionar tareas complejas dentro de un escenario dinámicamente cambiante y competitivo, tanto para manejar el diseño de los requerimientos involucrados en las tareas como para demostrar su efectividad en trabajos colectivos. Es así que los resultados obtenidos tanto en el simulador como en el campo real de experimentación, muestran que el marco de trabajo para el soporte de decisiones propuesto para agentes situados es capaz de mejorar la interacción y la comunicación, reflejando en un adecuad y confiable trabajo en equipo dentro de entornos impredecibles, dinámicos y competitivos. Además, los experimentos y resultados también muestran que la información seleccionada para generar los ejes de decisión para situar a los agentes, es útil cuando tales agentes deben ejecutar una acción o hacer un compromiso en cada momento con la intención de cumplir exitosamente un objetivo colectivo. Finalmente, algunas conclusiones enfatizando las ventajas y utilidades del trabajo propuesto en la mejora del rendimiento colectivo de los sistemas multi-agente en situaciones tales como tareas coordinadas y asignación de tareas son presentadas. / This thesis proposes a framework to decision support suitable for supporting the distributed performing of cooperative actions in dynamic and complex multi-agent environments. Decision support is a process aiming to improve the decision-making performance in cooperative scenarios. Simply stated, decision-making is the process of selecting a specific action out of multiple alternatives. This process occurs continuously in daily life. Humans, for instance, have to take decisions about what cloths to wear, what food to eat, etc. In this sense, an agent is defined as anything that is situated in an environment and acts, based on its observation, its interpretation and its knowledge about its situation on such environment to fulfil a particular action. Therefore, to take decisions, agents must get knowledge that allow them to be aware on what actions can or cannot perform. Here, such process takes three information parameters trying to embody an agent in a typically physical world. This set of information is known as decision axes, which it any agent must take into account to decide if it can perform correctly the task proposed by other agent or human. Agents can make better decision by considering and representing properly such information. Decision axes, mainly based on the agents' environmental condition, the agents' physical knowledge and the agents' trust value, provide multi-agent systems a reliable reasoning for achieving feasible and successful cooperative performance. Currently, many researches tend to generate news advances in agent technology to increase the intelligence, autonomy, communication and self-adaptation in open and distributed agent scenarios. In this sense, this research aims to contribute to the development of a new path to impact on both individual and cooperative decisions in multi-agent environments In this light, the thesis was used to implement the concrete actions involved in the robot soccer both in simulated as in real scenarios. It emulates a soccer game where agents must communicate; interact and cooperate among them to perform complex actions within a dynamic and competitive scenario, both to drive the design of the involved actions' requirements as to demonstrate its effectiveness in cooperative jobs. Therefore, the thesis has obtained results, both on simulation and on real experimentations, showing that the framework to decision support for situated agents presented is capable to improve the interaction and the communication, reflect in a suitable and reliable agent's team-work within an unpredictable, dynamic and competitive environment. The experimentation also showed that the selected information to generate the decision axes to situate agents are useful when these agents must perform the proper action or made sure commitments at each moment in order to reach successfully a goal. Conclusions emphasizing the advantages and usefulness of the introduced approach, in the improvement of multi-agent performance in coordinated task and task allocation problems are presented.

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