Thèse - Caen. / Bibliography: p. [229]-233.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Drexel University, 2006. / Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2006. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 67-07, Section: B, page: 3663. Adviser: Praveen Kumar. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 150-166) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

No description available.

Karlstadsregionens Räddningstjänstförbund (nedan kallat KRf) har som mål att utöka sin användning av geografiska informationssystem (GIS). Som ett led i utökningen har KRf köpt in programvaran ArcGIS för att kunna presentera, redigera och analysera geografiska data. Det som saknas är ett behovsanpassat kart- och registermaterial till ArcGIS som täcker KRf’s verksamhetsområde. Det här examensarbetet har utförts i syfte att besvara följande frågeställningar som rör införandet av ArcGIS och tillhörande geografiska data: Vilket referenssystem ska användas och hur ska KRf förhålla sig gentemot övergången till SWEREF99 TM? Var ska KRf lagra sina geografiska data och i vilket format? Vem ska sammanställa, administrera och uppdatera de data och register KRf behöver? Utredningen rekommenderar att KRf arbetar i ett och samma referenssystem oavsett avdelning. Därför anses det bäst att arbeta i RT90 2,5 gon V eftersom operativ verksamhet kommer att ligga kvar i nämnda referenssystem. Alla leverantörer av geografiska data KRf är beroende av kan leverera i RT90 2,5 gon V. Byte till SWEREF99 TM bör KRf göra i samband med att operativ verksamhet gör det. Bytet kommer troligen att ske först när SOS-alarm inte längre levererar larmkoordinater i RT90 2,5 gon V. Att transformera KRf’s geografiska data till SWEREF99 TM kan Karlstads kommun hjälpa till med och det ses inte som tekniskt komplicerat. Vidare rekommenderar utredningen att lagra geografiska data i formatet filbaserad geodatabas på KRf’s serverplats hos Karlstads kommun. Administrering och uppdatering av KRf-data är GIS-avdelningen på Karlstads kommun villiga att hjälpa till med, vilket även författarna till detta examensarbete anser vore den lämpligaste lösningen då den typen av kompetens saknas på KRf. Syftet har även varit att visa nyttan med GIS. Det har gjorts genom att demonstrera en kartprototyp i ArcGIS där olika användningsexempel anpassade för KRf har presenterats. / The aim for the fire brigade of the Karlstad region (below referred to as "the fire brigade") is to expand their use of geographical information systems (GIS). As a step of the expansion the fire brigade has bought the computer software ArcGIS which enables presenting, editing and analyzing of geographical data. What is needed is geographical data and registers adapted for ArcGIS covering the whole region of operation. This degree project has been carried out in order to answer questions concerning the introduction of ArcGIS and the adapted data: Which reference system will be used and how should the fire brigade adapt towards the transition to SWEREF99 TM? Where will the fire brigade store its geographical data and in which data format? Who will assemble, administrate and update the geographical data and registers needed? The study recommends the fire brigade to use the same reference system in the entire organisation. Therefore the best solution is considered to be using RT90 2,5 gon W for GIS-applications since the operative unit will remain using mentioned reference system. All data suppliers are able to deliver data in RT90 2,5 gon W. When the operative unit, controlled by SOS-alarm, transcend to SWEREF99 TM the advice is to follow with the rest of the organization. The transition will probably not be made until SOS-alarm stops delivering coordinates in RT90 2,5 gon W. To change reference system into SWEREF99 TM is not technically complicated and Karlstad municipality is offering to help. Geographical data is recommended to be stored in the format of file-based geodatabase on the fire brigades server space. Karlstad municipality’s GIS-department is willing to administer and update the geographical data and the authors of this degree project believe suggested solution will be the most appropriate - since that type of competence is missing within the fire brigade.

Gruvindustrin har varit en viktig näringsgren i Norberg, när detta avvecklades resulterade detta i arbetslösa gruvarbetare i behov av inkomst och arbete. Min undersökning gick ut på att analysera och hitta eventuella samband mellan gruvindustrin och samhällsförändringen i Norberg. I arbetet utgick jag från följande frågeställningar: - Har gruvindustrin haft betydelse för tillväxten/nedgången av samhället Norberg? - Vad utvanns ur gruvorna vid Klackbergsfältet och hur mycket? - Vad används Klackbergsfältet till idag? För att kunna utföra denna undersökning med tilltänkta analyser behövde jag lära mig grunderna av programvaran ArcGIS deskop. Studien visar att gruvindustrin har haft betydelse för Norbergs tillväxt men studien kan inte påvisa en negativ effekt för samhällsstrukturen, då folkmängden visar sig stabil i studien. / The mining industry has been an important commerce in Norberg. When this activity ended, it resulted in unemployment for the workers in the mining industry. My investigation aimed to analyse and find possible connections between the mining industry and alternations of the society. In my study I focused upon the following issues: - Has the mining industry been of importance for the growth/recession of the society Norberg? - What was extracted from the mines at Klackbergsfältet and in which quantities? - What the use of Klackbergsfältet today? To be able to accomplish this investigation with the desired analysis I learnt the rudiments of the software ArcGIS deskop. The study shows that the mining industry has been of importance for the recession of Norberg, but the study can not show a negative effect for the structure of the society, as the population turn out to have been stable in the study.

<p> The forest-tundra-short wave feedback is the dominant short wave (SW) vegetation feedback at mid-to-high northern latitudes and is an important feedback in Earth&rsquo;s climate system, especially due to its potential role in modulating glacial cycles. Little research has been done on how the strength of this feedback might vary with the background climate state. It is hypothesized that the feedback has generally strengthened over the last four million years. The feedback mechanism is hypothesized to be weaker under warm Northern Hemispheric conditions when tundra is primarily confined to the high Arctic than under cooler conditions in which the forest-tundra boundary lies generally south across the interiors of the large continental land masses. To test the hypothesis of the weakened/strengthened feedback, an Earth System Model of Intermediate Complexity is used that consists of a newly-developed simple dynamic terrestrial vegetation model coupled to a general circulation atmospheric model and a slab ocean. The response to the same orbital forcing ("cold orbit", favorable to Northern Hemispheric glacial inception) is analyzed for two eras: the PRISM mid-Pliocene Warm Period and the pre-industrial Holocene. </p><p> The change in top-of-atmosphere short wave net radiation (TOASW_net) that is attributable to including interactivity of vegetation in the systemic response to orbital forcing is decomposed into the product of three terms: the short wave vegetation feedback, an effective orbital forcing term, and the amplification of this effective orbital forcing by the climate system when vegetation cover is held fixed. Further analysis is carried out to determine why these terms differ between each era (mid-Pliocene and pre-industrial). </p><p> The results show that the change in TOASW_net that is attributable to including interactivity of vegetation in the systemic response to orbital forcing is about four times as strong in the pre-industrial as in the mid-Pliocene. The mid-to-high latitude SW vegetation feedback is about twice as strong for the pre-industrial as for the mid-Pliocene. This SW vegetation feedback is stronger in the pre-industrial mostly because its climate system is more sensitive in boreal spring to climate-induced changes in vegetation for various reasons, many of which boil down to geography. Surface albedo change is the principle mechanism by which the forest-tundra-short wave feedback operates, but it is discovered that there is also a component of this feedback that operates through the interactions between atmospheric reflectivity and vegetation. The results suggest that the forest-tundra-short wave feedback in glacial inception strengthens as the baseline climate cools from early Pliocene levels, with important implications for the start of major Northern Hemispheric glaciation and the increasing amplitude of glacial-interglacial oscillations over the last few million years.</p><p>

Abstract not available.

Crop residues left on agricultural field after harvest is an effective alternative, among others, to minimize the harmful effects of wind and water erosion, to increase the quantity of nutriments in the soils and to reduce CO2 emissions in the atmosphere. During this master's degree, two methods used in remote sensing were applied to the Probe-1 hyperspectral image of an agricultural field situated in the Southeast Saskatchewan, crop residue index and neural networks. The purpose was to determine which of the two methods was the most effective to accurately map and estimate crop residues. It is worth while mentioning that this the first time hyperspectral data were used to mapping ends of crop residue, which constitutes an advancement in the domain. To complete the dataset, several spectral reflectance measures were taken from different types of crop residues (corn, wheat, herb, soya and sunflower) and different types of bare soils, obtained by the spectroradiometer GER3700. Nine crop residue indices were used (BI, CAI, NDI-1, NDI-2, SACRI-1, SACRI-2, MSACRI-1, MSACRI-2 and CRIM). (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

The Willow River (Richardson Mountains, N.W.T.) drainage basin is located at the western limit reached by the Laurentide ice-sheet during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). The icesheet covered the eastern fringe of the Mountains and deposited a lodgment till. The textural maturity and the lithology of the erratics indicate a distant origin to the till. During deglaciation, the retreating ice-sheet provided a supply of melt water to the aggrading permafrost. The resulting ice rich permafrost has been the host to two periods of thermokarst activity. The first, synchronous with the early Holocene warm period, led to an increase in active layer thickness and slope instability. The second, more recent, dates to the Little Ice Age and may have resulted from an increase in either fire frequency or intensity, or in modifications to the vegetation cover. Today, numerous active and inactive retrogressive thaw slumps can be seen throughout the drainage basin, but their distribution is restricted to the LGM. The slumps are polycyclic in nature and their headwall typically expose 2 units: the lodgment till (unit 1) overlain by a diamicton (unit 2) separated by a thaw unconformity. The latter is not associated to the paleo-active layer observed elsewhere in the Canadian northwest. Air photographs show an increase in thermokarst activity during the two last decades.