Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1992.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1993.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-73). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Carolina at Wilmington, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves: [25]-33)

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1993.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1992.

xii, 163 p. / The principle of respect for autonomy has been the center of gravity for the doctor-patient relationship for forty years, replacing the previous defining concept of physician paternalism. In this work, I seek to displace respect for patient autonomy with narrative and phronesis as the skills that must be mastered by the physician to engender a successful therapeutic clinical relationship. Chapter I reviews the current state of affairs in the philosophy of medicine and the doctor-patient relationship and explains how and why autonomy has become so central to physicians' understanding of how to conduct a clinical encounter with a patient. Chapter II argues that "respect for autonomy," while remaining a valid rule to be considered in some clinical relationships, cannot be the central concept that defines the relationship both because it fails to describe accurately human selfhood and also because it empirically lacks universal applicability--many humans, and most seriously ill patients, actually lack autonomy. Shared decision making, an autonomy-based model of the doctor-patient relationship, suffers from this critique of autonomy as well as its own shortcomings in that it maintains a strict fact/value distinction that is untenable. Chapter III introduces narrative philosophy and its extrapolation, narrative medicine, as a possible alternative to an autonomy model of care. I defend a narrative view of selfhood, while recognizing that even if we are in some sense narratively constituted, this still leaves many questions regarding the relationship between story and self, particularly in a clinical encounter. In Chapter IV, I seek to limit the claims of narrative by arguing that story and self can never be fully equated and that narrative must be understood as demonstrating alterity rather than eliminating it. In Chapter V, a new conception of the physician's role in the doctor-patient relationship is presented, combining phronesis, or practical wisdom, with narrative skill in four aspects of the clinical encounter: diagnosis, treatment, assistance in medical decision making, and emotional support of the patient. / Committee in charge: Naomi Zack， Chairperson； Cheyney Ryan， Member； Mark Johnson， Member； Mary Wood， Outside Member

La communication est au centre de la relation soignant-soigné en médecine. Si la littérature dans ce domaine est abondante, il reste aujourd’hui de nombreuses questions relatives à l'efficacité des formations des médecins à la communication en termes d'acquisition et de transfert de compétences. Ce travail de thèse a étudié ces questions au travers de quatre objectifs: l'évaluation de l'acquisition de compétences communicationnelles dans un contexte hautement émotionnel, l'évaluation du transfert de compétences communicationnelles dans la pratique clinique, l'évaluation de l'impact de l'acquisition et du transfert de compétences communicationnelles sur l'état émotionnel du patient, et l'évaluation de l'impact de l'acquisition et du transfert de compétences communicationnelles sur l'état émotionnel du patient et de son proche. Des programmes de formation à la communication ont donc été testés empiriquement. Les résultats de ces études montrent qu'un programme de formation à la communication permet l'acquisition de compétences communicationnelles centrées sur le patient ainsi que le transfert de ces compétences en situations cliniques. De plus, ce transfert de compétences est perçu par les patients. Ces études montrent néanmoins qu'un programme de formation à la communication n'a d'impact ni sur l'évolution de l'anxiété des patients lors de consultations médicales impliquant un patient seul ni sur l'évolution de l'anxiété des patients et de leurs proches lors de consultations médicales impliquant un patient accompagné par un proche. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de proposer dès aujourd'hui ce type de formations dans les curriculums des médecins mais aussi de continuer à améliorer l'optimisation de ces formations à la relation soignant-soigné. /Communication is at the center of the doctor-patient relationship in medicine. Although literature is abundant in this area, there are now many questions about the effectiveness of communication training for physicians in terms of acquisition and transfer of skills. This thesis has addressed these issues through four objectives: the assessment of communication skills in a highly emotional context, the assessment of transfer of communication skills in clinical practice, the assessment of the impact of acquisition and transfer of communication skills on the patient's emotional state, and the assessment of the impact of acquisition and transfer of communication skills on the patient's and its relative's emotional state. Two communication skills training programs have been tested empirically. Results of these programs show that a training program allows the acquisition of patient-centred communication skills and the transfer of these skills in clinical practice. Moreover, this transfer of skills is perceived by patients. Results of the studies included in this thesis show however that a communication skills training program has no impact on the evolution of patient anxiety following medical consultation or on the evolution of patient and relative anxiety following medical consultation when patient was accompanied by a relative. These results underscore the importance of including this type of training in the curricula of doctors but also to further study the optimisation of such training program to doctor-patient relationship. / Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

This dissertation explored mistrust through focus group discussions (study 1), responses to standardized laboratory vignettes (study 2), and survey questionnaires (study 3). In the first study, I found that African American community members (N=60) experienced perceived discrimination, medical mistrust, and poor communication in numerous and interrelated ways. For example, medical mistrust occurred when clinicians did not convey respect to patients, leaving patients to wonder whether their clinician's treatment was discriminatory or not. Based on these findings, I wanted to see whether these experiences of perceived discrimination and mistrust were related to other dimensions of Black experience, such as racial identity. I conducted a secondary analysis of data from a laboratory study (Somnath Saha, PI) in which 104 primary care patients viewed video-recorded, standardized vignettes depicting a cardiologist recommending heart bypass surgery to a patient diagnosed with angina and 3-vessel coronary artery disease. In this study, those who viewed a video of European American cardiologist-actors had lower physician mistrust and lower hypothetical likelihood of having bypass surgery compared to those who viewed the video of African American cardiologist-actors. However, racial centrality did not moderate the relationship between ethnicity of the cardiologist-actor and patients' decision making. The third study explored other dimensions of racial identity (e.g., unfavorable public regard for African Americans) and mistrust (e.g., medical mistrust), while also exploring their association with perceived healthcare discrimination among African American community members (N=210). In this study, perceived discrimination was positively associated with racial centrality, but not associated with unfavorable public regard. Perceived discrimination was also positively associated with medical mistrust and physician mistrust. Although racial centrality and unfavorable public regard were not significant moderators between perceived discrimination and the two dimensions of mistrust, they were positively associated with medical mistrust. Together, these studies provide a better understanding of African Americans' healthcare attitudes and experiences, particularly mistrust toward medical institutions and clinicians. For example, the association between racial centrality and perceived discrimination may suggest that past experience of discrimination in healthcare may influence a person to seek others who experience similar stressors, giving way to identifying more with her or his racial group. Racial centrality may influence a person's trust towards healthcare, prior to entering the doctor's office. However, once the person enters the doctor's office, racial centrality may play a less significant role the patient's trust towards her or his provider. These findings generated new questions to explore for future studies. For example, future studies should explore the relationship between racial centrality and African Americans' healthcare behavioral responses. In addition, the current studies only focused only on attitudes and perspectives; future studies should investigate how the construct medical mistrust may influence health-related outcomes such as adherence in race-discordant patient-provider relationships.

No description available.