Submitted by Rafael Gustavo Rigolon (rafael.rigolon@ufv.br) on 2016-08-06T21:18:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Rafael Rigolon (Versão Final).pdf: 4311092 bytes, checksum: fa644046834545eb52424ad7096c5a62 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-10T12:47:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rigolon_rg_dr_bauru.pdf: 4311092 bytes, checksum: fa644046834545eb52424ad7096c5a62 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T12:47:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rigolon_rg_dr_bauru.pdf: 4311092 bytes, checksum: fa644046834545eb52424ad7096c5a62 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As analogias quantitativas são comparações que os professores fazem entre domínios diferentes para dar uma ideia mais compreensível sobre as medidas dos objetos. Geralmente, comparam objetos de medidas de difícil visualização, como as astronômicas e as microscópicas, com objetos do conhecimento dos alunos. Muitos professores e licenciandos de Biologia e de Física recorrem às analogias quantitativas em suas aulas ou outras atividades de ensino para torná-las mais atrativas e compreensíveis. Entretanto, o uso da analogia quantitativa exige certos cuidados por parte do educador para que esta funcione de fato e cumpra seu papel de facilitar o entendimento de uma determinada grandeza física ou de uma quantidade de objetos. Para colaborar com a qualidade do ensino de Ciências, especificamente o de Biologia e o de Física, esta pesquisa procurou saber como os licenciandos empregam as analogias quantitativas em situações de ensino e como uma instrução a respeito, de caráter reflexivo, em um curso de licenciatura em Biologia pode contribuir para um uso dessas analogias mais estruturado, dinâmico e com mais participação dos alunos. Além disso, pretendeu-se conhecer se as analogias apareceram dentre as estratégias didáticas elaboradas pelos licenciandos e que saberes mobilizam para o ensino de macro e micromedidas. Os dados foram constituídos por meio de um questionário escrito e de observações de oficinas ministradas durante o Estágio Supervisionado por licenciandos concluintes de Biologia e Física de duas universidades públicas (de Minas Gerais e São Paulo). Desses, uma turma de licenciandos de Biologia participou de uma intervenção pedagógica antes do preparo das oficinas, que abordou estratégias de ensino para macro e micromedidas. As respostas dos questionários passaram por uma Análise Estatística Descritiva e as transcrições das observações das oficinas por Análise de Discurso. Os resultados mostraram que os licenciandos: fazem grande uso de analogias quantitativas, mesmo sem considerá-las como estratégias didáticas; dizem preferir analogias quantitativas para explicar grandes medidas, mas na prática empregar majoritariamente os modelos em escala; dentre os tipos de analogia quantitativa, fazem mais uso das analogias de grandeza (a = k.b) do que de proporção (a/b = c/d); quando não instruídos a respeito, replicam analogias da literatura e da cultura em vez de produzi-las ou solicitar que os alunos as construam; costumam utilizar objetos muito pequenos, dos quais o número de vezes a que devem ser multiplicados para igualar ao objeto alvo é demasiado grande e, por isso, didaticamente inválido. As experiências de vida dos licenciandos apareceram nos objetos do domínio base das analogias produzidas, mostrando a importância de saberes construídos em situações não formais de ensino. Portanto, os licenciandos devem ser preparados à vida docente com o hábito da reflexão sobre suas práticas, pois assim poderá contar com estratégias didáticas mais variadas e apropriadas para as situações de ensino. O professor/licenciando que vai além de uma mera atuação técnica, reflete sobre suas ações na escola e se questiona: “se eu utilizar tal analogia, os alunos aprenderão (melhor)?” Esta pesquisa pretendeu, desse modo, colaborar com o reconhecimento do uso de analogias quantitativas como uma estratégia didática para o Ensino das Ciências. / Quantitative analogies are comparisons used by teachers, or professors about different domains, to give students a more understandable idea about objects’ measures. Generally, they compare objects difficult to visualize measures, such as the astronomic and microscopic ones, with objects known by the students. Many teachers and undergraduate students of Biology and Physics, future teachers, use quantitative analogies in their classes or other educational activities to make them more suitable and understandable to students. However, the use of quantitative analogy requires certain care for the teacher to make this really work and fulfill its role to facilitate the understanding of a certain physical quantity or a quantity of objects. In order to collaborate with the science teaching quality, specifically biology and physics teaching, this research looked into how the preservice teachers employ quantitative analogies in teaching situations and how an instruction about analogies, of reflective character, in an undergraduate Biology program may contribute to make students more involved. In addition, this study sought to know if the analogies appeared among the teaching strategies developed by preservice teachers and which knowledge they mobilize in the teaching of macro and micromeasures. The data were constituted by means of a written questionnaire and remarks of workshops given during the supervised internship for future Biology and Physics teachers from two public universities in Brazil (in Minas Gerais and São Paulo State). From this sample, a group of perservice biology teachers participated in an educational intervention prior to the preparation of workshops that addressed teaching strategies for macro and micromeasures. The answers to the questionnaires underwent a statistical descriptive analysis and the transcripts of workshops remarks through discourse analysis. The results showed that the future teachers: make quite a lot the use of quantitative analogies, even without considering them as teaching strategies; they declare to prefer quantitative analogies to explain great measures, but in practice mainly employ scale models; among the types of quantitative analogy, they make more use of greatness analogies (a = k.b) than the ratio (a/b = c/d); when not instructed about, they replicate analogies from the literature and culture instead of producing them or ask students to build them; normally they use very small objects of which the number of times must be multiplied to equal the target object is too large and, therefore, invalid in terms of didactic. The life experiences of these future teachers appeared in the basic domain objects of analogies produced, showing the importance of the knowledge built in nonformal teaching situations. Therefore, they should be prepared to their professional life with the habit of reflection on their practices, so they can count with a variety and apropriate teaching strategies. The teacher/future teacher which goes beyond a mere technical performance, reflects on his actions in school and asks him/herself: "if I use this analogy, students will learn (better)"? This research intended, thus, to collaborate with the recognition of the use of quantitative analogies as a teaching strategy for improve the Science Teaching.

Submitted by JOSÉ VICENTE ALVES TEIXEIRA JÚNIOR (teixeira.vicentej@gmail.com) on 2018-09-21T03:51:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_J.Vicente_Versão Final_ 03_09_2018.pdf: 1258333 bytes, checksum: 936ec5eab54b75dc112a956238f5c830 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-09-24T16:51:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeirajunior_jva_me_bauru.pdf: 1258333 bytes, checksum: 936ec5eab54b75dc112a956238f5c830 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-24T16:51:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 teixeirajunior_jva_me_bauru.pdf: 1258333 bytes, checksum: 936ec5eab54b75dc112a956238f5c830 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-25 / Apresentam-se, aqui, resultados de um estudo, cujo objetivo central foi avaliar como os resultados de pesquisa podem subsidiar a prática docente de um professor universitário. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como referencial a análise de discurso, estudos que abordam concepções alternativas sobre conceito de Física, bem como a relevância do laboratório didático na formação inicial de professores de Física. A amostra de sujeitos analisados, neste estudo, foi constituída de um professor responsável por uma disciplina introdutória de Laboratório de Física e seus alunos. Os dados para análise de discurso foram constituídos durante dois semestres; no primeiro, o pesquisador observou as aulas de uma das turmas de laboratório do docente analisado; no outro semestre, além de acompanhar as práticas de laboratório, prestou assessoria ao docente, ao levantar as concepções espontâneas dos alunos sobre temas relacionados a três das práticas de laboratório realizadas na disciplina: cinemática no plano inclinado, segunda Lei de Newton e lançamento de projéteis. Estes dados foram levados ao conhecimento do docente previamente à realização das práticas de laboratório. Entrevistas inicial e final com o docente procuraram avaliar a repercussão das inserções da pesquisa em sua prática de ensino. O estudo mostrou que o docente considerou os resultados da pesquisa em sua prática de ensino, considerando importante o contato estabelecido durante o processo. / We present here partial outcomes of a study, whose main objective is to evaluate how the results of research can subsidize the teaching practice of a university professor. It is a qualitative research, having as reference the discourse analysis, studies that approach alternative conceptions about the concept of Physics, as well as the relevance of the didactic laboratory in the initial training of Physics teachers. The sample of subjects analyzed in this study was composed of a professor responsible for an introductory discipline of Physics Laboratory and his students. The data for discourse analysis were constituted during two semesters; in the first one, the researcher observed the classes of one of the laboratory classes. In the other semester, in addition to following some of the laboratory practices, he advised the professor by raising the misconceptions of the future students on subjects related to three of the laboratory practices carried out in the discipline: kinematics on the inclined plane, Newton's second Law and projectile launch. These data were brought to the knowledge of the professor, prior to the accomplishment of the laboratory practices. Initial and final interviews with the professor seek to evaluate the repercussion of the insertions on the research in his teaching practice. The study showed that the professor considered the results of the research in their teaching practice, considering important the contact with the research established during the process.

Orientador: Maria José Pereira Monteiro de Almeida / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T23:33:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sorpreso_ThirzaPavan_D.pdf: 3338324 bytes, checksum: 9fa7c0796987fabc3d8b0d79d68a501b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: A pesquisa aqui apresentada se justifica pela necessidade de renovação de conteúdos e de formas de ensino, apontada por estudos da área de ensino de Física. Trabalhamos elementos de Física Nuclear por meio da abordagem Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS) em uma disciplina oferecida nos anos iniciais da licenciatura em Física. A abordagem CTS incorporou-se ao ensino a partir de movimentos extraescolares que reivindicavam uma visão mais crítica da Ciência e da Tecnologia, considerando-as como instituições não neutras, ou seja, influenciadas pelo contexto social de sua produção e de sua utilização. A abordagem CTS é utilizada neste trabalho visando a reflexões dos futuros professores de Física sobre a necessidade de rompimento com um ensino baseado apenas em cálculos e em resolução de exercícios e sobre a compreensão da Física Nuclear de forma ampla, ou seja, levando em consideração a não neutralidade da Ciência, sua produção e as complexas relações estabelecidas com a Sociedade e a Tecnologia. Para o desenvolvimento do trabalho na formação de professores, articulamos uma unidade de ensino a partir da pressuposição de um interlocutor, da escolha de conteúdos sobre a Física Nuclear e da ênfase em determinados elementos da abordagem CTS, adequando-os às condições de produção da disciplina "Conhecimentos em Física Escolar I", em que foi desenvolvida a pesquisa. Para elaborar as justificativas teóricas de constituição da unidade, apresentamos a fundamentação de elementos presentes na unidade de ensino como: a inserção de temas de relevância social; a contextualização histórica da abordagem CTS; a necessidade de se pensar o Ensino de Física em sua relação com a sociedade; a necessidade de proporcionar aos estudantes de licenciatura uma vivência de experiência CTS; a importância de explorar a relação entre Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade, de abarcar uma visão de Ciência não neutra no ensino de Física e de estabelecer limites entre a interdisciplinaridade e a especificidade de conteúdos. Como referencial teórico e metodológico para a constituição desta pesquisa, utilizamos algumas noções da Análise de Discurso, e algumas noções associadas às relações entre escola e sociedade e entre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade. Por fim, realizamos análises de discursos dos estudantes de licenciatura e observamos que o desenvolvimento da unidade de ensino gerou conflitos em seus imaginários e alguns deslocamentos, fazendo com que eles ampliassem suas produções de sentido sobre a abordagem CTS e alguns de seus elementos. Em especial, verificamos que os licenciandos incorporam a noção de interdisciplinaridade como trabalho conjunto entre professores e reservam papel importante para a História da Ciência em uma prática CTS. / Abstract: The present research is justified by the constant need to improve the teaching methods in Physics. Our main approach consisted in addressing elements of nuclear physics to undergraduate students using Science, Technology and Society (STS), a discipline offered at the beginning of their formation. The STS approach was incorporated from extra-scholar activities claiming a more critical view of Science and Technology, and considering them as non-neutral institutions (i.e., influenced by the social context of their production and use). The STS approach is used in this work in order to question future teachers in Physics about the need to break with a school system based only on calculations and problem solving, thereby seeking further understanding of nuclear physics in a broader way (i.e., taking into account the non-neutrality of Science, its production and the complex relationships it has established with the Society and Technology). To develop the teaching work, we created a teaching unit from the pre-supposition of a speaker, the choice of a Nuclear Physics program, and the emphasis on certain elements of the STS approach, adapting them to the conditions of production discipline where the research was developed, "Knowledge in Physical Education I". To theoretically justify the constitution of the unit, we presented the rationale of elements present in the teaching unit, such as the inclusion of topics of social relevance; the historical context of the STS approach; the need to think about the teaching of Physics in their relationship with society; the need to provide undergraduate students an experience of STS; the importance of exploring the relationship between STS; the need to embrace a non-neutral vision in physics teaching; the limits between the inter-disciplinarity and the specificity contents. We used some notions of Discourse Analysis as a theoretical and methodological framework for the establishment of this research, in addition to our theoretical framework which also implied some notions related to the relationship between school and society and between STS. Eventually, we performed discourses analyses of undergraduate students and found that the development of the teaching unit created conflicts in their imaginary and shifts, causing students to broaden their productions of meaning on the STS approach and some of its elements. In particular, we found that students incorporated the notion of inter-disciplinarity as a joint effort between teachers, and reserved an important role for the History of Science in a practice STS. / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutora em Educação

This study explored if there are differing beliefs and attitudes regarding working with students of multicultural backgrounds based on the content area specialties (i.e. biology, chemistry, Earth science and physics) of in-service secondary science teachers. The study was mixed methods and conducted in two parts. The first part focused on the use of quantitative statistical analysis to review the results of 152 respondents to a 54 Likert questions on the Survey on Multiculturalism in the Science Classroom (SMSC). The statistical analysis was followed up with qualitative analysis of interviews with 12 in-service science teachers representing the different content areas. Quantitative findings indicated that biology and Earth science teachers demonstrated similar patterns of responses in terms of comparative statistical analysis, network correlation diagrams, and general responses to the Likert items from the SMSC. Of the four content area groups, physics teachers demonstrated the greatest difference in their responses regarding multiculturalism. The results also showed that the beliefs and attitudes of chemistry teachers were correlated with those of physics teachers; this was not the case for biology teachers and Earth science teachers. Themes emerging from a qualitative analysis of the interviews included the following: a) In-service teachers have received little formalized training in regard to working with multicultural students; and b) Differences in teacher beliefs and attitudes reported in this study could be the result of diminishing representation of students from multicultural backgrounds in the different sciences, particularly as students move through a traditional progression from biology, to Earth science, to chemistry, to physics.

Student performance in Mathematics and Science education is a source of concern for education authorities in South Africa. This was supported by the latest TIMSS results which were released in December 2004. As in the previous studies, TIMSS and TIMSS-R, South African learners were again outperformed by the learners of all other participating countries (Reddy, 2004). To ensure learner achievement in mathematics and science, we need committed, qualified and experienced teachers in these subjects. In this study a holistic professional development (HPD) model was constructed, tested and evaluated using practicing Grade 10 - 12 teachers. The model developed teachers' content knowledge, teaching approaches and professional attitudes simultaneously. After analysis of the model we found that improving teachers' content knowledge builds their confidence in teaching their subject. This in turn motivates teachers to perform better in their jobs: they come to class better prepared, eager to do a job they know they are good at, no more coming late, no more plodding through uninspiring one-way lessons. They are turned into better professionals with a positive work ethic. Their improved classroom practices lead to higher enrolments of science learners and improved learner achievement, the crown of successful science teaching. The HPD model was developed in three phases. In the first phase baseline information was obtained to determine problems that exist with the teachers' content knowledge, teaching approaches and professional attitudes. After data analysis it was found that all three of these dimensions needed development. In the second phase the initial development of the HPD model took place. An intervention programme was structured and the effect of the programme on the teachers' content knowledge, teaching approaches and professional attitudes were analysed. Successful elements of the initial model were extracted and developed further, in addition new elements were added. In the third phase the HPD model was developed further. Analysis of the data showed the following effect on the teachers: they were extricated from a vicious cycle where poor content knowledge leads to lack of confidence which caused unwillingness to spend time on task (poor professional attitudes, ineffective teaching approaches). Instead they became part of a virtuous circle where improved content knowledge leads to increased confidence, enjoyment and a willingness to spend more time on task (better professional attitudes and effective teaching approaches). The HPD model was evaluated using international benchmarks, such as the Standards for Professional Development of the National Research Council of New York, USA. Recommendations and possibilities for future research are discussed. / Mathematical Sciences / D.Phil.(Mathematics, Science and Technology Education - Physics Education)

Student performance in Mathematics and Science education is a source of concern for education authorities in South Africa. This was supported by the latest TIMSS results which were released in December 2004. As in the previous studies, TIMSS and TIMSS-R, South African learners were again outperformed by the learners of all other participating countries (Reddy, 2004). To ensure learner achievement in mathematics and science, we need committed, qualified and experienced teachers in these subjects. In this study a holistic professional development (HPD) model was constructed, tested and evaluated using practicing Grade 10 - 12 teachers. The model developed teachers' content knowledge, teaching approaches and professional attitudes simultaneously. After analysis of the model we found that improving teachers' content knowledge builds their confidence in teaching their subject. This in turn motivates teachers to perform better in their jobs: they come to class better prepared, eager to do a job they know they are good at, no more coming late, no more plodding through uninspiring one-way lessons. They are turned into better professionals with a positive work ethic. Their improved classroom practices lead to higher enrolments of science learners and improved learner achievement, the crown of successful science teaching. The HPD model was developed in three phases. In the first phase baseline information was obtained to determine problems that exist with the teachers' content knowledge, teaching approaches and professional attitudes. After data analysis it was found that all three of these dimensions needed development. In the second phase the initial development of the HPD model took place. An intervention programme was structured and the effect of the programme on the teachers' content knowledge, teaching approaches and professional attitudes were analysed. Successful elements of the initial model were extracted and developed further, in addition new elements were added. In the third phase the HPD model was developed further. Analysis of the data showed the following effect on the teachers: they were extricated from a vicious cycle where poor content knowledge leads to lack of confidence which caused unwillingness to spend time on task (poor professional attitudes, ineffective teaching approaches). Instead they became part of a virtuous circle where improved content knowledge leads to increased confidence, enjoyment and a willingness to spend more time on task (better professional attitudes and effective teaching approaches). The HPD model was evaluated using international benchmarks, such as the Standards for Professional Development of the National Research Council of New York, USA. Recommendations and possibilities for future research are discussed. / Mathematical Sciences / D.Phil.(Mathematics, Science and Technology Education - Physics Education)

The purpose of this study is to investigate physics teachers’ (TPCK) and their learners’ achievement in electricity. A purposive sample of 42 Grade 11 physics teachers and 1423 learners participated in the study. An explanatory mixed method research design was employed in the study to collect data. A survey questionnaire (PTTPCKQ), consisting of six-point Likert scale questions, was answered by participating teachers. Similarly, their learners responded to a confirmatory questionnaire (LCPTTPCKQ). The learners also responded to the Electricity Learning Confirmatory Questionnaire (LELCQ) and wrote an achievement test called Learner Electricity Achievement Test (LEAT). The data collected was analysed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Quantitatively, it was found that a positive, statistically significant relationship existed between physics teachers’ experience and their learners’ achievement [Spearman’s rho (42) = .39, p = .011] as well as physics teachers’ TPCK and their qualifications [Spearman’s rho (42) = .33, p = .003]. There was also a positive statistical relationship between physics teachers’ TPCK and learner achievement, yet this was not statistically significant. There were positive, statistically significant relationships between all the constructs of the physics teachers’ TPCK and their TPCK from the analysis of the PTTPCKQ. There were positive statistically significant relationships between all the constructs of the physics teachers’ TPCK and their TPCK, according to the analysis of the LCPTTPCKQ. Furthermore, comparing the learners’ responses on the LCTTPCKQ and their teachers’ responses on the PTTPCKQ, it was found that both learners and teachers provided similar responses for all the constructs of TPCK except TCK. Qualitative data analysis further revealed that the technologies used by these teachers were PhET Simulations, YouTube Videos, Power Point Presentations, Interactive White Boards, and Mindset Videos. Finally, between 12.9% and 5.2% of the learners reported that their teachers had neglected to teach some sections of the electricity in the curriculum. / Mathematical Sciences / Ph. D. (Mathematics, Science and Technology Education)

Submitted by Nadir Basilio (nadirsb@uninove.br) on 2017-06-14T20:42:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Afranio Hokama Silva.pdf: 1694262 bytes, checksum: c51ea8dc05cf5272dc1c2a4dfb164c67 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T20:42:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Afranio Hokama Silva.pdf: 1694262 bytes, checksum: c51ea8dc05cf5272dc1c2a4dfb164c67 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / The present investigation has as object of study the curriculum of the discipline of physics of the Secretariat of Education of the State of São Paulo (SEE-SP). The curriculum in question was implemented since 2008, as part of a broad set of measures aimed at improving the quality of education. Our objective was to know how a group of teachers of the state education network of São Paulo understand the demands implemented by the curriculum in their work. To achieve this objective, our initial concern was to map the recent production of curriculum policies. After that we map the physics curriculum proposals that have been a reference for the teachers of the state education network of São Paulo, specifically those of the Coordination of Studies and Pedagogical Norms (CENP), the Group of Reprocessing of Physical Education (GREF) and the National Curriculum Parameters (PCN +) . The analysis of the document shows that the CENP proposal approaches a traditional concept of curriculum. The GREF proposal and the PCN+ incorporate aspects that bring them closer to critical and post-critical curriculum theories. The analysis of the document that underlies the SEE-SP physics curriculum reveals the presence of aspects of all previous proposals. To verify how teachers understand these documents and how their work is impacted, we conducted semi-structured interviews with a group of teachers, who were selected by the criterion of availability. The interview was divided into four blocks and dealt with the training, career, work and practice in the classroom. Teachers' statements emphasize the criticism that they do not feel involved in curriculum development, that the peculiarities of school contexts are disregarded, which generates a large gap between what the curriculum aims for and the conditions of the students. They also affirm the absence of didactic resources and inadequate infrastructure. / Esta investigación tiene como objeto de búsqueda el plan de estudios de la materia de física del Departamiento de Educación del Estado de San Pablo (SEE-SP). El plan de estudios mencionado se puso en práctica a partir de 2008, como parte de un amplio conjunto de medidas destinadas a mejorar la calidad de la educación. Nuestro objetivo fue aprender cómo un grupo de maestros de la red de la enseñanza del Estado de San Pablo entienden las exigencias impuestas por el plan de estudios a su trabajo. Para lograr este propósito, nuestra preocupación inicial fue mapear la producción reciente acerca de las políticas del plan de estudios. En la secuencia hemos mapeado las propuestas del plan de estudios de física que han sido referencia a los maestros de la red de la enseñanza de San Pablo, en concreto las propuestas de la Coordinación de Estudios y Normas Pedagógicas (CENP), del Grupo de Rediseño de la Enseñanza de la Física (GREF) y Los Parámetros Curriculares Nacionales (PCN+). El análisis documental hecha muestra que la propuesta de CENP se aproxima a una concepción tradicional de un plan de estudios. La propuesta de la GREF y los PCN+ incorporan aspectos de aproximación a las teorías críticas y pos-críticas del plan de estudios. El análisis del documento que subyace en el plan de estudios de la física de la SEE-SP revela la presencia de todos los aspectos de las propuestas anteriores. Para ver cómo los maestros entienden estos documentos y cómo se ve afectado su trabajo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a un grupo de docentes que fueron seleccionados por el criterio de la disponibilidad. La entrevista se dividió en cuatro bloques y se ocupó de la formación, la carrera, el trabajo y la práctica en el aula. Los testimonios de los maestros hacen hincapié en la crítica al hecho de que ellos no se sienten participantes en el desarrollo curricular, que no están considerando las particularidades de los contextos escolares, lo que genera gran brecha entre lo que el plan de estudios tiene como objetivo y las condiciones de los estudiantes. También indican la falta de recursos para la enseñanza y la infraestructura inadecuada. / A presente investigação tem como objeto de estudo o currículo da disciplina de física da Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (SEE-SP). O currículo em tela, foi implementado a partir de 2008, como parte de um amplo conjunto de medidas que visavam melhorar a qualidade da educação. Nosso objetivo foi saber como um grupo de professores da rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo compreende as demandas postas pelo currículo e como essa compreensão é percebida, por eles, como impactante em seu trabalho. Para alcançar esse intento, nossa preocupação inicial foi mapear a recente produção acerca das políticas curriculares e sua implementação. Na sequência fizemos o mapeamento das propostas curriculares de física que tem sido referência para os professores da rede estadual de ensino de São Paulo, especificamente as da Coordenadoria de Estudos e Normas Pedagógicas (CENP), do Grupo de Reelaboração do Ensino de Física (GREF) e as orientações complementares aos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais (PCN+). A análise documental realizada mostra que a proposta da CENP se aproxima de uma concepção tradicional de currículo. A proposta do GREF e os PCN+ incorporam aspectos que os aproximam das teorias críticas e pós críticas de currículo. A análise do documento que fundamenta o currículo de física da SEE-SP revela a presença de aspectos de todas as propostas anteriores. Para verificar como os professores compreendem esses documentos e como seu trabalho é impactado, realizamos um conjunto de entrevistas com um grupo de professores, que foram selecionados pelo critério da disponibilidade. A entrevista foi dividida em quatro blocos e tratou de sua formação, carreira, trabalho e prática em sala de aula. O depoimento dos professores externa a crítica ao fato de não se sentirem participantes da elaboração do currículo. Por essa razão, argumentam que são desconsideradas as peculiaridades dos contextos escolares, gerando enorme distância entre o que o currículo almeja e as condições dos alunos. Afirmam também que o fracasso deriva da ausência de recursos didáticos e de infraestrutura adequada.

Problem-based learning (PBL) is an active teaching strategy that could be implemented in the South African educational system to assist in developing problem-solving skills, critical thinking skills, collaborative skills, self-directed learning and intrinsic motivation in students. Even though it is not easy to drift from a teacher-centred strategy to a student-centred strategy, but this drift is supposed to be a paradigm drift for the nation. ‘Physics is difficult’ has been the anthem of students in South African high schools. This has led to lower pass rates in physics and as a result low physics career person in society. Physics students in high schools need to be exposed to the PBL strategy since the PBL strategy focuses on real-life problems to develop problem-solving skills, critical thinking skills and self-directed learning in students which are the skills needed for concept formation in Physical Science. Basically, the education of Physical Science students focused on the ability to acquire skills to solve real-life problems. This study focuses on exploring the experiences of high school physics teachers at Entsikeni cluster, South African, when implementing problem-based learning (PBL) in their physics classrooms. The study uses the mixed-method approach where three different research instruments were used to collect quantitative and qualitative data sequentially. Questionnaires, RTOP and interview protocol were employed. The findings of the study indicate that teachers project positive attitudes toward the PBL strategy but may probably not continue to use it because it requires more time than that which is allocated in the Curriculum Assessment and Policy Statement (CAPS) Physical Science document and as a result may not be able to finish their ATP on time. Teachers are teaching physics with no specialization in physics, which probably could lead to poor, pass rates in Physical Science. Teachers were inexperienced in teaching physics in the FET and could probably affect students’ academic performance. It is recommended they apply the PBL strategy to correct the negative effect of their inexperience on students’ performance. It is evident that if inexperienced trained teachers apply an instructional strategy based on research, they tend to develop students' performance as compared to applying the traditional instructional strategy. / Science and Technology Education / M. Sc. (Physics Education)