No description available.

No description available.

The current study aimed to examine the naturalistic relationship between physical activity and sleep by exploring frequency, type, and timing of exercise and their association with a variety of sleep variables (e.g., sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency). Young adults (n = 1003) completed a variety of self-report questionnaires, including a week-long sleep diary and a survey of typical frequency, type, and timing of exercise completed in the past week. Increased frequency of physical activity was related to increased sleep efficiency (total sleep time/time in bed), decreased time in bed, and decreased time spent awake in bed in the morning. Greater amounts of exercise energy expenditure (i.e., metabolic equivalents) per week was related to increased sleep efficiency, and decreased time in bed and time spent awake in bed in the morning. After controlling for other factors, this relationship remained true only for time spent awake in bed in the morning. Early morning exercisers reported shorter total sleep time and time in bed than those who typically exercised at other times. No exercise differences were found between those who met the research diagnostic criteria for insomnia and those who did not. This study provides valuable information to help guide future experimental and intervention studies.

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The effects of an 11-week jogging program on the plasma lipid fractions and clotting time of 19 late adolescent males (18 to 19 years) were investigated. Total lipids, triglycerides, total and free cholesterol, phospholipids, non-esterified fatty acids, and clotting time of plasma were determined. Statistical analysis was applied to the change in each parameter. Dietary patterns prior to and following the fitness program were examined. The mean concentrations of total lipids, total and free cholesterol, and phospholipids were lower than those reported for young men; plasma clotting times were longer. The mean plasma triglycerides and non-esterified fatty acids were comparable to those observed in adults. Individual values of the plasma lipid fractions were within the ranges reported in the literature. Consistent relationships could not be found between dietary intake, changes in weight, or any of the lipid parameters. Significant changes in triglycerides, total and free cholesterol, and non-esterified fatty acids were not apparent as a result of exercise. There was a significant decrease in phospholipids; total lipids and clotting time increased significantly following the fitness program. / Graduation date: 1970

Eight adolescent males (14 to 18 years old) were evaluated before and after 50 minutes of exercise on a bicycle ergometer at 60 percent of their maximal heart rate to investigate the relationship between blood magnesium status and the derangement of other serum electrolytes in the etiology of "sports anemia." Criteria of assessment included changes in serum concentration and total serum content of magnesium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and red blood cell magnesium concentration, urinary magnesium excretion, hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell count, osmotic fragility, reticulocytosis, and spherocytosis. A significant reduction in serum sodium concentration was found at post-exercise, whereas, serum calcium and potassium concentrations rose 3.8 percent and 7.7 percent, respectively. Total serum content of magnesium and sodium was significantly reduced by 4.9 percent and 9.0 percent, respectively, at post-exercise. Red blood cell magnesium dropped 3.1 percent at post-exercise. Following a one-hour recovery, serum magnesium concentration had fallen significantly (10.3 percent) and red blood cell magnesium concentration was 2.6 percent higher than the pre-exercise concentration. Although there was no evidence of red blood cell hemolysis, red cells did show spherocytosis and a tendency toward increased osmotic fragility. In addition, the changes observed in total serum magnesium content were significantly correlated to changes in total serum calcium at post-exercise and to total serum potassium content at recovery. The spherocytosis and decreased osmotic resistance appear to result from the impairment of magnesium-dependent adenosine triphosphatase, which is responsible for the active transport of sodium and potassium across the erythrocyte membrane. / Graduation date: 1984

Previous studies suggest that vitamin B-6 supplementation can alter fuel metabolism during exercise and plasma amino acid levels at rest. To examine the effect of vitamin B-6 supplementation on plasma fuel substrates and amino acid levels during exercise, five trained males (age: 29±7; V0₂ max: 54.7±6.2 ml/kg/min) performed two separate submaximal, endurance, exercise tests on a cycle ergometer. Subjects were exercised to exhaustion at 74.5±7.8% V0₂ max in a fasted condition on the seventh morning of two separate nine day controlled diet periods. The first exercise test (T1) occurred following a control or non-supplemented (NS) diet (i.e. 1.9 mg B-6/day), and the second exercise test (T2) occurred following a vitamin B-6 supplemented (S) diet (i.e. 1.9 mg B-6/day + 20 mg PN/day). Blood was drawn pre, during (i.e. 60 minutes into exercise), post, and post-60 minutes of exercise, and plasma was analyzed for glucose, lactic acid, glycerol, free fatty acids (FFA), and amino acids. Expired air was collected for three minutes at 10 minute intervals during both tests. Although not statistically different, there were observed trends for higher mean lactate levels and lower mean glycerol and FFA levels in T2 (S) compared to T1 (NS). Mean lactate, glycerol, and FFA concentrations all changed statistically significantly over time in both exercise tests. Mean plasma tyrosine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.007) at post-60 minutes of exercise and mean plasma methionine levels were significantly lower (p = 0.03) at post-exercise in T2 relative to T1. Of the 13 amino acids quantitated, only alanine and histidine concentrations changed significantly over time. Although not statistically significant, mean respiratory exchange (R) values tended to be higher in T2 compared to T1. Mean oxygen consumption values were significantly higher (p = 0.02) during the first 10 minutes of exercise and at multiple later time points showed a trend for being higher in T2 compared to T1. No statistically significant differences were observed in subjects' performance times to exhaustion between T1 (1:35:49; hr:min:sec) and T2 (1:31:56). These results indicate that vitamin B-6 supplementation can potentially alter fuel metabolism and plasma amino acid levels during exhaustive endurance exercise; however, not to such a degree that one's endurance capacity is affected. / Graduation date: 1995

Four young trained men were studied during 50 min of continuous bicycle ergometer exercise [30 min at 60%, 15 min at 80%, and 5 min at 90% maximal heart rate (MHR)] to elucidate changes in fuel metabolism resulting from a glycogen depletion-repletion regimen, and to determine the effect of supplemental vitamin B-6 (B6). The diets were: Week 1, 40% CHO normal diet (NC); Week 2, days 1-3 CHO 11% (LC), days 4-7 CHO 71% (HC); Week 3, same as week 2 but with an 8 mg B6 supplement each day (LC+B6, HC+B6). The men exercised after an overnight fast on days 4 and 7, upon completing the depletion or repletion phase. Blood was collected before exercise (PRE), during the 80% MHR work (DURING), immediately after completion of the 90% MHR work (POST), and 30 min and 60 min after exercise (30 MIN POST, 60 MIN POST). Plasma FFA concentrations were from 30% to 75% higher (p<0.05) after the LC and LC+B6 diets than after the NC-1, NC-2, HC, or HC+B6 diets, and B6 did not appear to affect plasma FFA levels. Plasma glucose values were from 3% to 4% lower (p<0.01) for DURING HC and HC+B6 than DURING NC-1. Since plasma HC and HC+B6 lactate values were 57% higher (p<0.05) than DURING control values, the simultaneously low glucose and high lactate levels indicate that glucose was primarily derived from muscle glycogen in the HC and HC+B6 conditions. Addition of B6 to the HC diet resulted in elevated POST lactate levels, but this difference was not significant. LC glucose and lactate values did not differ significantly from control values. However, PRE LC+B6 glucose values were 12% lower than PRE control values (p<0.02) and continued to be lower during exercise. POST and 30 MIN POST LC+B6 values were 47% lower than the LC values (p<0.005 and p<0.01, respectively). The glucose and lactate data indicate that B6 supplementation does alter CHO metabolism when added to a glycogen depletion-repletion regimen. Due to the possible role of glycogen phosphorylase as an expanding depot for B6 storage, supplementation with B6 may cause a more rapid emptying of muscle glycogen stores and a reduction of athletic endurance. / Graduation date: 1983

No description available.

Thirty outpatients being treated at Wilford Hall USAF Medical Center Department of Behavioral Health Psychology were randomly assigned to either a relaxation/imagery training class (R/I), a short-term psychotherapy group (P/G) or a no treatment control group. Subjects had psychological, physiological and immunological data taken before and after treatment. Results indicated that support for the hypothesis that relaxation/imagery training improves the psychological, physiological, and immunological functioning of participants was found.