Zugl.: Hamburg, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2008

Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--München.

Inoculation with plant pathogens induces a diverse range of plant responses which potentially contribute to disease resistance or susceptibility. Plant responses occuring in consequence of pathogen infection include activation of classical defence pathways and changes in metabolic activity. The main defence route against hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogens such as Pseudomonas syringae is based on the phytohormone salicylic acid (SA). SA-mediated responses are strictly regulated and have also been shown to depend on external factors, e.g. the presence of light. A major goal of this work was to provide a better understanding of the light dependency of plant defence responses mediated through SA. The second part of the project focussed on the influence of plant sterols on plant resistance. I analyzed leaf lipid composition and found that accumulation of the phytosterol stigmasterol in leaves and in isolated (plasma) membranes is a significant plant metabolic process occurring upon pathogen infection. / Eine Infektion mit Pathogenen veranlasst Pflanzen zur Aktivierung zahlreicher Abwehrreaktionen, welche entscheidend dazu beitragen können, ob die Pflanze anfällig ist und erkrankt oder eine erfolgreiche Resistenz ausbilden kann. Die Abwehr gegen hemibiotrophe bakterielle Pathogene basiert vor allem auf der verstärkten Bildung des Pflanzenhormons Salicylsäure (SA) und der Aktivierung SA-vermittelter Abwehrreaktionen. Beides ist nicht nur intern genau reguliert, sondern auch von externen Faktoren beeinflusst. So trägt zum Beispiel die Verfügbarkeit von Licht wesentlich zum Ausmaß und zum Erfolg dieser Abwehrreaktionen bei. Ein Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, zu einem besseren Verständnis des Einflusses von Licht auf die Pathogenabwehr beizutragen. Das zweite Projekt dieser Arbeit stellt die Lipidzusammensetzung pathogen-infizierter Blätter in den Mittelpunkt. Bei der Analyse pflanzlicher Sterole zeigte sich unter anderem, dass das C22-ungesättigte Sterol Stigmasterol in Blättern und in daraus isolierten Plasmamembranen nach Pathogenbehandlungen akkumuliert.

After 120 years of Supercritical Fluids (SCF) discovering, practical applications began to be developed. The SCF extraction (SCFE) of sterol fraction and fatty acids from the prickly pear seeds' oil, considered sub-product from sweets processing, is compared to traditional extraction methods varying extraction time, modifier influence, temperature and pressure of supercritical CO2 as main solvent. The main substances found were β-sitosterol (BS), Linoleic Acid (LA) and Palmitic Acid (PA). Low BS extraction velocities were found during the pure CO2 extractions reaching the maximum yield after 55 min (0.09 mgBS/min), while by modified CO2 at 35 min (0.16 mgBS/min). Best BS extraction conditions were found 35 °C and 175 bar while for LA and PA 55 °C and 125 bar offering the possibility for a further fractionation given the different affinities ruled by the difference in molar mass. SCFE confirmed a higher selectivity by adjusting the extraction conditions, saving time and aggressive solvent handling compared to traditional extraction.

Zugl.: Karlsruhe, Univ., Diss., 2007

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2004--München.

After 120 years of Supercritical Fluids (SCF) discovering, practical applications began to be developed. The SCF extraction (SCFE) of sterol fraction and fatty acids from the prickly pear seeds' oil, considered sub-product from sweets processing, is compared to traditional extraction methods varying extraction time, modifier influence, temperature and pressure of supercritical CO2 as main solvent. The main substances found were β-sitosterol (BS), Linoleic Acid (LA) and Palmitic Acid (PA). Low BS extraction velocities were found during the pure CO2 extractions reaching the maximum yield after 55 min (0.09 mgBS/min), while by modified CO2 at 35 min (0.16 mgBS/min). Best BS extraction conditions were found 35 °C and 175 bar while for LA and PA 55 °C and 125 bar offering the possibility for a further fractionation given the different affinities ruled by the difference in molar mass. SCFE confirmed a higher selectivity by adjusting the extraction conditions, saving time and aggressive solvent handling compared to traditional extraction.