Submitted by Cássio da Cruz Nogueira (cassionogueirakk@gmail.com) on 2017-02-08T12:43:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ImpactosDesastresNaturais.pdf: 1989991 bytes, checksum: abbc4fb8f3cbfdcf343efccc6b82a1db (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-02-10T17:56:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ImpactosDesastresNaturais.pdf: 1989991 bytes, checksum: abbc4fb8f3cbfdcf343efccc6b82a1db (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T17:56:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_ImpactosDesastresNaturais.pdf: 1989991 bytes, checksum: abbc4fb8f3cbfdcf343efccc6b82a1db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / Nos últimos anos, tem aumentado a frequência dos desastres naturais na Amazônia, concomitantemente com a necessidade de estimar os prejuízos econômicos destes eventos, no intuito de definir estratégias para o desenvolvimento da região. Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar qual é o tipo e intensidade do impacto das inundações de 2009, consideradas as maiores já registradas na Amazônia, ao crescimento do Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) municipal. A metodologia consistiu na análise de correlação linear entre o desempenho econômico (calculado com base no PIB observado e esperado para os anos de 2009 a 2012) e dois conjuntos de variáveis: qualitativas (municípios atingidos por inundação, tipo de inundação, estado de localização) e quantitativas (PIB, tamanho geográfico, população, PIB per capita, densidade populacional, Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal, renda média, índices de pobreza humana e Gini, bem como as receitas e transferências orçamentárias para os municípios). Os resultados mostram que as inundações bruscas são as que mais afetam o crescimento econômico de longo prazo, constituindo um potencial problema para o desenvolvimento. As principais estratégias a serem adotadas perpassam pela inclusão de ações de mitigação de desastres naturais ao planejamento do crescimento econômico e ao desenvolvimento sustentável da Amazônia. / In the last years, have been increase the frequency of natural disasters in Amazon, concomitantly whit the need of estimate the economic losses these events, in order of define strategies to regional development. This work have the objective of check what is the type and intensity of 2009 floods impacts, considered the major already registered in Amazon, to the increase of municipal Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The methodology was the linear correlation analysis between the economic performance (calculated whit base in observed and expected GDP to years of 2009 to 2012) and two sets of variables: qualitative (municipalities hit by floods, type of flood, state of localization) and quantitative (GDP, geographic size, population, GDP per capita, population density, Indices of Municipal Human Development, average income, indices of human poor and Gini, as well as income and budget transfers to municipalities). The results bring which the fast flood are the which more affect the long term economic increase, constituting a potential problem to development. The means strategies to be adopted are the inclusion of natural disasters mitigation actions in plan of economics increase and to sustainable development of Amazon. / En los últimos años, tiene aumentado la frecuencia de los desastres naturales en la Amazonia, concomitantemente con la necesidad de estimar los prejuicios económicos distes eventos, en orden de definir estrategias para el desenvolvimiento de la región. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo verificar cuál es el tipo e intensidad do impacto de las inundaciones de 2009, consideradas las mayores ya registradas en la Amazonia, a el crecimiento de lo Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) municipal. La metodología consistió na análisis de correlación linear entre el desempeño económico (calculado con base en el PIB observado y esperado para los años de 2009 hasta 2012) y dos conjuntos de variables: cualitativas (municipios atingidos por inundaciones, tipo de inundación, estado de localización) e cuantitativas (PIB, tamaño geográfico, populación, PIB per capita, densidad de población, Índice de Desenvolvimiento Humano Municipal, renda media, índices de pobreza y Gini, así como las transferencias de ingresos y de presupuesto a los municipios). Los resultados muestran que las inundaciones bruscas son las que más afectan el crecimiento económico de lo curto plazo, constituyendo un potencial problema para el desenvolvimiento. Las principales estrategias para ser adoptadas son la inclusión de acciones de mitigación de desastres naturales al planeamiento de lo crecimiento económico e al desenvolvimiento sustentable de la Amazonia. / Ces dernières années, a augmenté la fréquence des catastrophes naturelles en Amazonie, en même temps que la nécessité d'estimer les pertes économiques de ces événements, afin d'élaborer des stratégies pour le développement de la région. Ce travail vise à vérifier quelle est la nature et l'intensité de l'impact des inondations de 2009, considéré comme le plus important jamais enregistré dans l'Amazonie, la croissance du Produit Intérieur Brut (PIB). La méthodologie a consisté à l'analyse de corrélation linéaire entre la performance économique (calculé sur la base du PIB observé et attendu pour les années 2009 à 2012) et deux ensembles de variables : qualitative (municipalités touchées par les inondations, type de les inondations, province de localization) et quantitative (PIB, superficie, population, PIB par habitant, la densité de population, l'indicateur du développement humain Municipal, revenu moyen par habitant les indices de pauvreté humaine et Gini, ainsi que le revenu et budgétaires transferts aux municipalités). Les résultats montrent que les inondations soudaines sont celles qui affectent la croissance économique à long terme, qui constitue un problème potentiel pour le développement. Les principales stratégies arrêtées en pâturage, par l'inclusion des catastrophes naturelles, des mesures d'atténuation à la planification de la croissance économique et le développement durable de l'Amazonie.

Elements of continuous variation such as tremolo, vibrato and portamento enable dimensions of their own in expressive melodic music in styles such as in Indian Classical Music. There is published work on parametrically modeling some of these elements individually, and to apply the modeled parameters to automatically generated musical notes in the context of machine musicianship, using simple rule-based mappings. There have also been many systems developed for generative musical accompaniment using probabilistic models of discrete musical elements such as MIDI notes and durations, many of them inspired by computational research in linguistics. There however doesn't seem to have been a combined approach of parametrically modeling expressive elements in a probabilistic framework. This documents presents a real-time computational framework that uses a multi-attribute trie / n-gram structure to model parameters like frequency, depth and/or lag of the expressive variations such as vibrato and portamento, along with conventionally modeled elements such as musical notes, their durations and metric positions in melodic audio input. This work proposes storing the parameters of expressive elements as metadata in the individual nodes of the traditional trie structure, along with the distribution of their probabilities of occurrence. During automatic generation of music, the expressive parameters as learned in the above training phase are applied to the associated re-synthesized musical notes. The model is aimed at being used to provide automatic melodic accompaniment in a performance scenario. The parametric modeling of the continuous expressive elements in this form is hypothesized to be able to capture deeper temporal relationships among musical elements and thereby is expected to bring about a more expressive and more musical outcome in such a performance than what has been possible using other works of machine musicianship using only static mappings or randomized choice. A system was developed on Max/MSP software platform with this framework, which takes in a pitched audio input such as human singing voice, and produces a pitch track which may be applied to synthesized sound of a continuous timbre. The system was trained and tested with several vocal recordings of North Indian Classical Music, and a subjective evaluation of the resulting audio was made using an anonymous online survey. The results of the survey show the output tracks generated from the system to be as musical and expressive, if not more, than the case where the pitch track generated from the original audio was directly rendered as output, and also show the output with expressive elements to be perceivably more expressive than the version of the output without expressive parameters. The results further suggest that more experimentation may be required to conclude the efficacy of the framework employed in relation to using randomly selected parameter values for the expressive elements. This thesis presents the scope, context, implementation details and results of the work, suggesting future improvements.

Several stakeholders in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry have emphasized the need for petroleum sector reforms in Nigeria. Canada is reputed to have one of the best oil and gas tax regimes in the world. This thesis argues that certain tax measures in Canada’s oil and gas industry have considerable potential for addressing certain industry inefficiencies in Nigeria’s petroleum sector. In developing this argument, this thesis gives an overview of oil and gas taxation in both jurisdictions and examines the possibility of transferring laws between Nigeria and Canada by exploring legal and tax comparative law theories. The thesis also examines the major challenges in Nigeria’s oil and gas industry and identifies viable areas in Canada’s oil and gas tax system which have the potential to address these challenges. Given the peculiarities of oil and gas taxation in each jurisdiction, this thesis suggests that the selected Canadian fiscal and administrative measures may require certain modifications in order to make these measures more suitable for Nigeria’s legal and tax system.

In the function of the current society, the energy is an variable of total importance. It does not have much that to think about growth and development, without this matrix is inserted. That the taken routes only need to be reviewed, and certain incorporated concepts already to the effective system, and, that, until then, seen as untouchable, they urgently need a to formulate how much its technician-scientific action. This process of appropriation of materials of the nature for the production of goods and services in order to take care of the necessities of the society, some concepts of civilities seem to have been forgotten, and the search for the full comfort leads to the man to interact of incoherent form, in view of the exhaustion of the reserves of natural resources, establishing, thus, the degradation in such a way of the ecological environment as the social environment. This way operands, is that it is studied as form to quantify and to characterize the actions human beings in main its input the energy, comparing the direct relation enters of energy and the economic and social development; to analyze the energy in the World, Brazil and the State of Alagoas, to see the producing relation versus energy consumer, the energy matrices, to also compare the economic development with the production of energy and with regard to its consumption. To take to the field of the academic quarrel the questioning of the production and the consumption of electric energy, alternatives you renewed and of low ecological impact. To quantify how much it is produced, how much it is consumed. To characterize who produces and who consumes, and, the one that level. Measurer, and form economically and accounting, the ambient and social impacts of the production and the consumption, here it is the question. / Na função da sociedade atual, a energia é uma variável de total importância. Não há muito que pensar em crescimento e desenvolvimento, sem que esta matriz esteja inserida. Só que os rumos tomados precisam ser revistos, e certos conceitos já incorporados ao sistema vigente, e, que, até então, vistos como intocáveis, necessitam urgentemente de uma reformulação quanto a sua ação técnico-científica. É durante o presente processo de apropriação de materiais da natureza para a produção de bens e serviços a fim de atender as necessidades da sociedade, que alguns conceitos de civilidades parecem ter sidos esquecidos, e a busca pelo conforto pleno leva ao homem interagir de forma incoerente na natureza, tendo em vista a exaustão das reservas de recursos naturais, estabelecendo, assim, o atual quadro de degradação tanto do meio ambiente ecológico como o meio ambiente social. Busca-se em forma de estudo uma formatação mais próxima da realidade do mundo atual, como forma de quantificar e qualificar as ações humanas no seu insumo principal a energia, comparando a relação direta entre a energia e o desenvolvimento econômico e social; analisar a energia no Mundo, no Brasil e no Estado de Alagoas, ver a relação produtor versus consumidor de energia, as matrizes energéticas, comparar o desenvolvimento econômico com a produção de energia e também com relação ao seu consumo. Levar ao campo da discussão acadêmica o questionamento da produção e do consumo de energia elétrica, alternativas renováveis e de baixo impacto ecológico. Quantificar o quanto se produz, o quanto se consome. Qualificar quem produz e quem consome. Medir de forma econômica e contabil, os impactos ambientais e sociais da produção e do consumo, eis a questão.