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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Taxonomia do complexo Picumnus exilis (Aves:Picidae) / Taxonomy of the Picumnus exilis complex (Aves: Picidae)

Rego, Marco Antonio 03 February 2012 (has links)
O complexo Picumnus exilis é composto por seis táxons: P. e. exilis, P. e. pernambucensis, P. e. alegriae, P. e. buffonii, P. e. undulatus e P. e. clarus, ou sete se P. e. salvini for considerado sinônimo sênior de P. nigropunctatus. Esses táxons se distribuem desde o extremo leste Colombiano, passando pela Venezuela, Guianas e até o nordeste brasileiro, e são caracterizados pelo dorso de plumagem esverdeada, ventre esbranquiçado ou amarelado, e barrado ou maculado de negro; os machos apresentam a fronte vermelha e/ou alaranjada. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar a taxonomia desse complexo através da análise de caracteres de plumagem e morfométricos. Foram estudados 495 espécimes, depositados nas principais coleções ornitológicas. Foram determinados 18 caracteres de plumagem, 12 dos quais mostraram-se informativos, além de caracteres morfométricos. O estudo dos caracteres relacionados à plumagem aponta para a existência de cinco táxons. Picumnus exilis (Lichtenstein, 1823), que ocorre próximo ao litoral da Bahia e de Sergipe. Picumnus pernambucensis Zimmer, 1947 ocorre ao norte do rio São Francisco (AL, PE e PB). Picumnus buffonii Lafresnaye, 1845 ocorre no escudo guianense, ao leste do rio Branco e também ao sul do rio Amazonas, a leste do rio Tocantins (PA e MA). Picumnus undulatus Hargitt, 1889 é encontrado entre os rios Branco, Negro e Orinoco, enquanto Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892, ocorre em baixas altitudes desde o delta do Orinoco até o extremo nordeste venezuelano (Delta Amacuro, Monagas e Sucre). As subespécies P. e. alegriae Hellmayr, 1929, e P. e. clarus Zimmer & Phelps, 1946, foram sinonimizados, respectivamente, à P. buffonii e P. undulatus. Tanto P. e. salvini Hargitt, 1893, como P. nigropunctatus Zimmer & Phelps, 1950, foram considerados sinônimos juniores de Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892. Similaridades entre as espécies aqui determinadas e outros Picumnus apontam para um parafiletismo do complexo P. exilis da maneira como tratado pela literatura. Em adição, os resultados demonstram a necessidade de uma revisão taxonômica e filogenética que englobe todo o gênero Picumnus. / The Picumnus exilis complex is composed by six subspecies: P. e. exilis, P. e. pernambucensis, P. e. alegriae, P. e. buffonii, P. e. undulates and P. e. clarus; or seven if one considers P. e. salvini as a senior synonym of P. nigropunctatus. These taxa are found from easternmost Colombia and through Venezuela and Guianas, and north towards northeastern Brazil. They are characterized by a greenish back, whitish or yellowish belly (barred or tainted with black); males exhibit red and/or orange forehead. This work aims to review the taxonomy of this complex on the basis of morphometric and plumage characters analyses. I analyzed 495 specimens housed in the main ornithological collections. A total of 18 plumage characters were found, 12 of them proved to be informative. The results suggested the existence of five taxa. Picumnus exilis (Lichtenstein, 1823), which occurs near the coasts of Bahia and Sergipe. Picumnus pernambucensis Zimmer, 1947, found north of the São Francisco River (Alagoas, Pernambuco and Paraiba). Picumnus buffonii Lafresnay, 1845 occurs in the Guyana Shield, East of the Branco River and South of the Amazonas River to the East of the Tocantins River (Pará and Maranhão). Picumnus undulates Hargitt, 1889 is found between the Branco, Negro and Orinoco Rivers. The fifth taxon is Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892, which occurs at low altitutes and ranges from the Orinoco Delta north to far northeast Venezuela (Delta Amacuro, Monagas and Sucre). The subspecies P. e. alegriae Hellmayr, 1929, and P. e. clarus Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 have been synonymized with P. buffonii and P. undulates, respectively. Furthermore, both P. e. salvini Hargitt, 1893, and P. nigropunctatus Zimmer & Phelps, 1950, proved to be junior synonyms of Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892. Similarities between these species and other Picumnus point out to a paraphyletic P. exilis complex. These results highlight the need of taxonomic and phylogenetic reviews for the role Picumnus genus.
2

Taxonomia do complexo Picumnus exilis (Aves:Picidae) / Taxonomy of the Picumnus exilis complex (Aves: Picidae)

Marco Antonio Rego 03 February 2012 (has links)
O complexo Picumnus exilis é composto por seis táxons: P. e. exilis, P. e. pernambucensis, P. e. alegriae, P. e. buffonii, P. e. undulatus e P. e. clarus, ou sete se P. e. salvini for considerado sinônimo sênior de P. nigropunctatus. Esses táxons se distribuem desde o extremo leste Colombiano, passando pela Venezuela, Guianas e até o nordeste brasileiro, e são caracterizados pelo dorso de plumagem esverdeada, ventre esbranquiçado ou amarelado, e barrado ou maculado de negro; os machos apresentam a fronte vermelha e/ou alaranjada. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo revisar a taxonomia desse complexo através da análise de caracteres de plumagem e morfométricos. Foram estudados 495 espécimes, depositados nas principais coleções ornitológicas. Foram determinados 18 caracteres de plumagem, 12 dos quais mostraram-se informativos, além de caracteres morfométricos. O estudo dos caracteres relacionados à plumagem aponta para a existência de cinco táxons. Picumnus exilis (Lichtenstein, 1823), que ocorre próximo ao litoral da Bahia e de Sergipe. Picumnus pernambucensis Zimmer, 1947 ocorre ao norte do rio São Francisco (AL, PE e PB). Picumnus buffonii Lafresnaye, 1845 ocorre no escudo guianense, ao leste do rio Branco e também ao sul do rio Amazonas, a leste do rio Tocantins (PA e MA). Picumnus undulatus Hargitt, 1889 é encontrado entre os rios Branco, Negro e Orinoco, enquanto Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892, ocorre em baixas altitudes desde o delta do Orinoco até o extremo nordeste venezuelano (Delta Amacuro, Monagas e Sucre). As subespécies P. e. alegriae Hellmayr, 1929, e P. e. clarus Zimmer & Phelps, 1946, foram sinonimizados, respectivamente, à P. buffonii e P. undulatus. Tanto P. e. salvini Hargitt, 1893, como P. nigropunctatus Zimmer & Phelps, 1950, foram considerados sinônimos juniores de Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892. Similaridades entre as espécies aqui determinadas e outros Picumnus apontam para um parafiletismo do complexo P. exilis da maneira como tratado pela literatura. Em adição, os resultados demonstram a necessidade de uma revisão taxonômica e filogenética que englobe todo o gênero Picumnus. / The Picumnus exilis complex is composed by six subspecies: P. e. exilis, P. e. pernambucensis, P. e. alegriae, P. e. buffonii, P. e. undulates and P. e. clarus; or seven if one considers P. e. salvini as a senior synonym of P. nigropunctatus. These taxa are found from easternmost Colombia and through Venezuela and Guianas, and north towards northeastern Brazil. They are characterized by a greenish back, whitish or yellowish belly (barred or tainted with black); males exhibit red and/or orange forehead. This work aims to review the taxonomy of this complex on the basis of morphometric and plumage characters analyses. I analyzed 495 specimens housed in the main ornithological collections. A total of 18 plumage characters were found, 12 of them proved to be informative. The results suggested the existence of five taxa. Picumnus exilis (Lichtenstein, 1823), which occurs near the coasts of Bahia and Sergipe. Picumnus pernambucensis Zimmer, 1947, found north of the São Francisco River (Alagoas, Pernambuco and Paraiba). Picumnus buffonii Lafresnay, 1845 occurs in the Guyana Shield, East of the Branco River and South of the Amazonas River to the East of the Tocantins River (Pará and Maranhão). Picumnus undulates Hargitt, 1889 is found between the Branco, Negro and Orinoco Rivers. The fifth taxon is Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892, which occurs at low altitutes and ranges from the Orinoco Delta north to far northeast Venezuela (Delta Amacuro, Monagas and Sucre). The subspecies P. e. alegriae Hellmayr, 1929, and P. e. clarus Zimmer & Phelps, 1946 have been synonymized with P. buffonii and P. undulates, respectively. Furthermore, both P. e. salvini Hargitt, 1893, and P. nigropunctatus Zimmer & Phelps, 1950, proved to be junior synonyms of Picumnus obsoletus Allen, 1892. Similarities between these species and other Picumnus point out to a paraphyletic P. exilis complex. These results highlight the need of taxonomic and phylogenetic reviews for the role Picumnus genus.
3

Introgressão e deslocamento de caracteres numa zona de contato entre Picumnus varzeae e Picumnus cirratus macconnelli no Rio Amazonas

Santana, Hevana de Lima 20 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Inácio de Oliveira Lima Neto (inacio.neto@inpa.gov.br) on 2018-10-01T14:07:13Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Hevana_Santana_Lima.pdf: 5356073 bytes, checksum: b9b929af8971b38e278944467ed5d60f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-01T14:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Hevana_Santana_Lima.pdf: 5356073 bytes, checksum: b9b929af8971b38e278944467ed5d60f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The genus Picumnus represents a highly diverse group with relationships among species poorly resolved and taxonomic coverage incomplete. In this work, we use species of the genus Picumnus to examine two distinct aspects. In the first chapter, we examined vocal variation within Picumnus, considering all known species and subspecies available in sound archives, analyzing traits of songs in each species and subspecies. With our analyses, we aim not only to recognize species groups within the genus Picumnus, but also to elucidate the differences at the species level that could be hidden within the currently recognized species. For the second chapter, we examined two species of the genus Picumnus, inhabitants of the Amazonian lowland forests, Picumnus varzeae and Picumnus cirratus macconnelli, we analyzed whether patterns of variation in morphometric, bioacoustic and plumage characters in P. varzeae would be consistent with the hypothesis hybridization, or character displacement between these two species. In the first chapter, we found two major, distinct vocal groups within the Picumnus, the first one consisting of species with trilled sounds, fast, with a large number of notes per sound, and the second one, formed by species with tss-tss sounds, slow songs, with few notes per song, the species that formed these two groups, when compared, showed similarities to existing phylogenies of woodpeckers based on molecular data. In the second chapter, we show that P. varzeae and P. c. macconnelli are two species in fact come into contact in a narrow contact zone, about 100 km in the Óbidos region, in the Brazilian state of Pará. The variation in plumage pattern found in P. varzeae at points distant from the contact zone, would then be the result of events of phenotypic introgression between the two species and the effect of character displacement along the distribution of the P. varzeae population. This is the first study to describe the vocal variation of species of the genus Picumnus. It was also the first study to focus on the events occurring in contact zones between species of birds endemic to the Amazonian floodplain and the first case of displacement of character reported in a taxon of the Brazilian Amazon. / Estudou-se dois aspectos distintos usando espécies do gênero Picumnus. Foram utilizadas as vocalizações das espécies de Picumnus como forma de reconhecer agrupamentos dentro do gênero que permitissem ajudar no tratamento taxonômico dentro desse grupo. Também foram examinados os padrões de variação fenotípica em duas espécies de Picumnus habitantes da várzea amazônica permitindo entender os fenômenos ocorrentes entre duas espécies relacionadas quando as mesmas se encontram em uma zona de contato.

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