FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar as histÃrias de vida de mulheres romeiras, participantes da ReuniÃo das TrÃs Horas, em Juazeiro do Norte, buscando compreender, pela via biogrÃfica, como as experiÃncias sociorreligiosas, vivenciadas por mulheres romeiras, repercutem na constituiÃÃo de processos formativos de suas identidades e subjetividades. O processo investigativo conjugou fundamentos e procedimentos da pesquisa (auto)biogrÃfica e da etnografia. Teve como cenÃrio principal a ReuniÃo das TrÃs Horas, um evento organizado pela Pastoral da Romaria, realizado, sempre Ãs quinze horas, nos perÃodos das principais romarias. Utilizou como fontes: a) as narrativas biogrÃficas produzidas pelas mulheres romeiras, expressas nas entrevistas narrativas e, posteriormente, transformadas em histÃrias de vida; b) os fragmentos biogrÃficos (testemunhos e benditos), apresentados nessa reuniÃo e na atividade integradora; c) observaÃÃes etnogrÃficas, registros audiovisuais, entrevistas focalizadas e o diÃrio de itinerÃncia. O material produzido e coletado, ao longo da pesquisa, foi analisado com base no mÃtodo de anÃlise textual discursiva. A anÃlise das histÃrias de vida possibilitou compreender que, as experiÃncias sociorreligiosas, marcadas pela condiÃÃo de tornar-se romeira, ser romeira devota e fazer-se romeira devota e engajada; correlacionadas Ãs circunstÃncias de ser, estar e permanecer em romaria, geram mudanÃas importantes que, levam a um despertar da consciÃncia de si e da condiÃÃo romeira. Estas constituem as experiÃncias fundadoras e formadoras, de suas trajetÃrias e criam sentidos existenciais. A percepÃÃo desses sentidos propicia transformaÃÃes de atitudes e comportamentos, capazes de contribuir para um empoderamento pessoal e coletivo. No conjunto, as aprendizagens experienciais e os saberes existenciais, apreendidos nesses percursos, colaboram para a formaÃÃo das identidades de romeiras, devotas e engajadas, e contribuem para a consolidaÃÃo, continuidade e transmissÃo de sentidos estruturais da romaria e de processos coletivos de empoderamento. / This research aims to investigate the life stories of religious pilgrim women, known as romeiras, participants of âMeeting at three oâclockâ, in the city of Juazeiro do Norte. This meeting has as objective the comprehension, biographically, of how the socioreligious experiences experienced by romeiras women repercuted in the constitution of formative processes of their identities and subjectivities. Our investigative process combined grounds and procedures of ethnography and (auto) biographical research. Our principal point was the âMeeting at three oâclockâ, an event organized by the Pastoral of Pilgrimage, that always happens at three oâclock, in the most principal periods of catholic pilgrimage. We use âMeeting at three oâclockâ as our research place, and as source: a) biographical narrative produced by catholic religious pilgrim women expressed in spoken interviews, and later transformed into life stories; b) biographical fragments presented in the meeting (life reports, testimonies, prayers popular sacred music, known as âbenditos, etc) and integrative activity (autobiographical albums and mandalas); c) ethnographic observations, audiovisual records, focused interviews and roaming journal. The material produced and collected throughout this research was analyzed based in the method of textual discursive analysis. The analysis of life stories has made it possible for us to comprehend that the socioreligious experiences, marked by the condition of being a romeira, devout and engaged, correlated to the circumstances of being, staying and remaining at catholic pilgrimage, known as romaria, generate important changes that lead to a self-awareness awakening and condition of religious pilgrim, which creates existential senses. These theses constitute founders and trainers experiences of their trajectories and create existential senses. The perception of these senses leads us to the transformation of attitudes and behaviors capable of contributing to a personal and collective empowerment. On the whole, the experiential learning and knowledge, learned in this process, contribute to the formation of the identities of romeiras, devoted and engaged, and to the consolidation, continuity and transmission of structural meanings of collective processes of empowerment.

The theoretic part of the thesis is focused on definition of particular types of tourism, especially of the tourism with religious motives and pilgrimage trips. It also includes institutions that help to promote religious monuments in the Czech Republic. The practical part is engaged in the most important pilgrimage sites in Bohemia and Moravia, their promotion and the difference between the pilgrims and tourists.

This thesis deals with the analysis of potential of the Pardubický region for religious tourism. Its main aim is to create an overview of religious monuments and festivities in the Pardubický region and of their current use in tourism and to suggest how to further support the development of religious tourism in the region. The thesis focuses on catholic and protestant monuments and of religious festivities it deals mainly pilgrimages. In the first part the Pardubický region is characterized and its potential for tourism. The second part includes an outline of the historical development of the Czech lands, with an emphasis on church history, an overview of the most important religious monuments in the Pardubický region and of their current use in tourism. The third part presents the current national projects, which promote religious tourism, and assesses the current presentation and promotion of religious monuments in the Pardubický region. The last part contains suggestions for further utilization of religious monuments in tourism and their promotion, as well as a few ideas for creation of thematic tourist routes. The conclusion discusses barriers, that prevent better use of religious monuments in tourism.

The thesis "A Traveller During the Přemyslid Dynasty" addresses the phenomenon of travel in the Middle Ages. A precise time frame is implied in the title with attention paid to the Přemyslid period and the narrative sources that describe it. The testimony provided by chronicles and legends is supplemented with knowledge from academic literature. The aim of this thesis is to present a comprehensive picture of life on the road and to address every circumstance that a traveller could encounter along his journeys. Starting with a description of the medieval landscape, which sets the basic conditions for any form of travel during this period. The thesis also focuses on the main reasons for travelling and the concept of travel in the medieval imagination, which then leads into the necessary preparations that had to be made before the beginning of each journey and the obstacles that had to be overcome along the way (most problems were faced when crossing a river or other bodies of water). Other chapters are dedicated to old roads and their legal status, orientation and to various forms of accommodation during longer journeys. A separate chapter focuses on pilgrims and describes the most important pilgrimage sites of the Middle Ages: Jerusalem, Rome, and Santiago de Compostela. A quick outline of the...

The object of this thesis is to analyze the presence of the pedagogical ekphrastic elements in the novel The Story of The Predestined Pilgrim and his Brother Reprobate by Father Alexandre de Gusmmão. In the past this novel has been an obscure masterpiece outside the circle of those who study early Portuguese language works. In the last half century there has been a crescendo of the study of this novel as more scholars have taken an interest in the pilgrimage motif and in particular using this novel in comparative literature. A monumental contribution to bring this novel out of obscurity is the recent publication of its English translation by Christopher C. Lund. His efforts make this work more accessible to students and scholars who will become enlightened by its contents. His English translation has been used exclusively and is the enabling factor for this study of pedagogical ekphrastic elements contained in the novel. Pilgrimage is a frequent motif in seventeenth-century literature. His pilgrimage is the narrative of two polar opposite brothers whose journeys take them to six cities. As they traverse these cities, the brothers make choices that lead them to their final destinations of Jerusalem, the symbol of heaven, and Babylon, which depicts hell. Gusmmão emphasizes early on that their choices will cause them to be separated forever. Ekphrases are used to enrich and capture the reader's attention to the teachings of Gusmmão through the choices placed before each brother. Gusmmão employs whit, charm, characterization, ekphrases, vignettes, and allegory, with the poignant pedagogical objective to cause the reader to decide if he or she is a predestined or a reprobate and would be satisfied with the inevitable outcomes. I review the socio-historic presence of the Jesuits in Brazil as well as their remarkable pedagogical influence. Ekphrasis is studied as to its origins and its longevity throughout the centuries and how scholars have defined ekphrasis. The essence of this thesis is the extraction and examination of two hundred and forty-one ekphrastic passages from the novel and the analysis of their pedagogical value along with their pictorial elements. It is important to note that the findings of this study loudly affirm Gusmão's use of pedagogical ekphrastic elements as they were detected abundantly in all but ten of the sixty-three chapters included in his novel. The literary richness created by Gusmão's use of ekphrasis so predominantly throughout his novel is indicative of his stature as a pedagogical literary master.

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This thesis engages in the Marian cult in Bohemia in the second half of the 17th century. The first, general part is the characteristic of the Marian devotion with the secondary literature, followed by a chapter on Czech prints with the Marian theme (1650-1750). The base of the thesis is the analysis of the work of J. I. Dlouhoveský (1638-1701). The analysis focuses on some forms of the Marian cult: pilgrimage, cult of saints (especially of Bohemian patrons), Marian devotion in the Habsburg dynasty and a folk piety. The last chapter deals with the literary self-presentation of Dlouhoveský (example of the Marian devotee). The appendix consists of the inventory of all works of Dlouhoveský, and of the graphs that summarize information about the Marian prints (1650-1750).

This thesis takes as its point of departure the question "is there a connection between ordinary Swedish Christianity and the extreme forms of various examples?". As a way of concidering possible connections, a "normal" spiritual context in the Swedish setting is studied: the Christian magazine "Pilgrim. A magazine for spiritual guidance". The book presents an investigation of the magazine and its notion of spirituality over a period of twelve years (1994-2006). Questions that guide the investigation are: Which are the fundamental notions of spirituality in the magazine? How can someone be spiritual due to the magazine? Which are the bodily norms which are assumed when it comes to gender, sexuality, ethnicity and class? Which connections between the normal and the extreme in contemporary Swedish spirituality can an investigation of Pilgrim as an example of "ordinary" spirituality reveal? The work is carried out as a discursive reading of Pilgrim with the help of Michel Foucault and his notion of "discourse". Furthermore some of the insights from the feminist discussion on so called "intersectionality" are used to widen the methodological scope. More specifically, the magazine is approached as a single textual surface. After qualification of the rules of the discourse, they are applied to identify the discursive formation of Pilgrim. By analyzing the strategies which constitute spiritual guidance, the forms of spirituality (subject positions) that the magazine constructs are revealed. The way that social categories - gender, sexuality, ethinicity, class - are characterized in the magazine reinforce heteronormativity, orientalism and a class-structure. Through the magazine social categories function together with other vital categories in a way that the outcome is one and only construction of the ordinary subject: i.e. the western rich man as a spiritual subject. In conclusion this study suggest that ideas about spiritual growth that flourish in an ordinary Christian cultural and intellectual environment (exemplified by the magazine Pilgrim), like ideas of resistance against the postmodern world and society's superficiality, might have a structure that can be found also in more extreme Christian contexts, and, more importantly, as a part of the problematic of these extreme examples. The extreme resides in the ordinary, and the ordinary resides in the extreme. There seems to be an order of notions, of subjects and of bodies: the Order of Spirituality.

Bryan Lee O'Malley's "Scott Pilgrim" series is, arguably, one of the most important American literary works of the early twenty-first century. Evaluating this work w/r/t multimediality and simultaneous multiliteracy, emotions and affective states, friends and their informal economies, and the role of active fandoms in current artistic production, this thesis seeks to explain why "Scott Pilgrim" has found such deep resonance with a generation of kids growing up at the time of publication.

This work deals with a theme, which is increasingly becoming popular amongst scholars. It is a theme dealing with Russian pilgrims and travellers, who visited the areas of the Middle East, especially those places, such as Constantinople, the Holy Land, Mt. Athos and others. Under the designation Russian pilgrims we do not mean individuals belonging to a specific ethnic group, but individuals who were related to Russia understood as a political formation and state. The contacts between the south and Russia, have important consequences for the development of Russia itself, its culture, identity and history. This is also the case for the Middle East, where the contacts with Russia determined to a large extent the development and character of this area. The Russian contacts with the south should be primarily viewed in terms of the Byzantine-Russian context. These were based on cultural influences and on a shared faith and identity. The cultural and religious contacts were enabled by travelling individuals, who travelled without and with a specific goal. In the context of these journeys the prime motivation was a religious one, when a pilgrimage to such areas as Constantinople, Mt. Athos, the Holy Land, helped to build a religious identity in Russia, since before the fall of Constantinople, religion...