Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:39:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ItamaraLuciaDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 3319289 bytes, checksum: afe811fec26cd4b84364a72cfc7e78fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-15T19:44:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ItamaraLuciaDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 3319289 bytes, checksum: afe811fec26cd4b84364a72cfc7e78fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T19:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ItamaraLuciaDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 3319289 bytes, checksum: afe811fec26cd4b84364a72cfc7e78fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo geral deste trabalho ? analisar os desafios socioambientais, econ?micos, culturais e tur?sticos presentes no contexto da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental Bonfim-Guara?ra, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, e suas implica??es no processo de planejamento e gest?o do turismo, a partir dos munic?pios de N?sia Floresta e Tibau do Sul, que concentram maior representatividade dentro do cen?rio de realiza??o deste fen?meno na referida unidade de conserva??o. Para isso, foi necess?rio estabelecer quatro objetivos espec?ficos: 1) Investigar a atua??o e envolvimento dos membros do conselho gestor da APABG quanto ao processo de planejamento e gest?o do turismo; 2) Analisar as principais a??es, dificuldades e oportunidades de planejamento e gest?o com vistas a realiza??o e desenvolvimento do turismo; 3) Identificar a percep??o dos visitantes frente a experi?ncia tur?stica vivenciada nos munic?pios de N?sia Floresta e Tibau do Sul; e 4) Tra?ar um panorama situacional da atividade tur?stica na APABG a partir dos munic?pios foco da pesquisa. A metodologia do estudo, consistiu numa abordagem de natureza qualitativa do tipo descritiva-explorat?ria, em que al?m do material bibliogr?fico e das pesquisas documentais, foi realizado uma coleta de dados in loco por meio de roteiros semiestruturados conforme a ess?ncia representativa dos grupos participantes da pesquisa, isto ?, Conselho Gestor da APABG e l?deres comunit?rios formais e informais de ambos os munic?pios, bem como a abordagem voltada aos turistas a partir de question?rios aplicados nos seguintes locais: Praia de Pipa, Praia do Madeiro e Praia do Amor (Tibau do Sul), Praia de Tabatinga e Mirante dos Golfinhos (N?sia Floresta). Al?m disso, participou-se de algumas reuni?es do CG extraindo-se informa??es a partir da t?cnica de observa??o direta, bem como foi incorporado o instrumento da ?Matriz Anal?tica de Governan?a das Inst?ncias Tur?sticas? para analisar os seguintes elementos junto ao conselho gestor: a) Processo eletivo dos integrantes da Inst?ncia; b) Equil?brio da representatividade; c) Participa??o qualitativa entre os membros; d) Quantidade e qualidade das parcerias firmadas; e) Dissemina??o e acesso das informa??es entre os integrantes. Desse modo, com a an?lise dos resultados foi poss?vel constatar que os desafios nas diferentes escalas definidas, se apresentam sob a insufici?ncia estrutural, falta de atua??o p?blica e de intera??o entre atores, gerando dificuldades e conflitos afins, que concentram sua complexidade calcada na pluralidade de interesses de grupos sociais tanto internos quanto externos, que interferem no processo de planejamento e gest?o do turismo, na medida em que s?o inobservados pela esfera pol?tica sem as devidas articula??es de resolu??o. / The general objective of this work is to analyze the socio-environmental, economic, cultural and tourist challenges present in the context of the Bonfim-Guara?ra Environmental Protection Area, State of Rio Grande do Norte, and its implications in the planning and management of tourism, from of the municipalities of N?sia Floresta and Tibau do Sul, which are more representative within the scenario of this phenomenon in the said conservation unit. For this, it was necessary to establish four specific objectives: 1) To investigate the performance and involvement of the members of the managing board of the APABG regarding the process of tourism planning and management; 2) To raise and analyze the main actions, difficulties and opportunities of planning and management with a view to the development and development of tourism; 3) To raise the perception of the visitors in front of the tourist experience lived in the municipalities of N?sia Floresta and Tibau do Sul; And 4) Draw a situational panorama of the tourist activity in the APABG from the municipalities that are the focus of the research. The methodology of the study consisted of a descriptive-exploratory qualitative approach, in which, in addition to bibliographical material and documentary research, a data collection was carried out in loco through semi-structured scripts according to the representative essence of the groups participating in the research , Ie the APABG Management Council and formal and informal community leaders from both municipalities, as well as the approach to tourists based on questionnaires applied in the following locations: Pipa Beach, Madeiro Beach and Amor beach (Tibau do Sul) ), Tabatinga Beach and Mirante dos Golfinhos (N?sia Floresta). In addition, a number of meetings of the CG were held by extracting information from the direct observation technique, as well as incorporating the instrument of the "Analytical Matrix of Governance of Tourism Instances" to analyze the following elements with the managing board: ) Elective process of the members of the Instance; B) Balance of representativeness; C) Qualitative participation among members; D) Quantity and quality of signed partnerships; E) Dissemination and access of the information among the members. Thus, with the analysis of the results, it was possible to verify that the challenges in the different defined scales are presented under structural insufficiency, lack of public performance and interaction between actors, generating difficulties and related conflicts, which concentrate their complexity based on the plurality of interests of both internal and external social groups, which interfere in the process of planning and managing tourism, insofar as they are not observed by the political sphere without the proper articulations of resolution.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-09T23:07:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeLuisDeOliveiraPintoFilho_TESE.pdf: 8152297 bytes, checksum: 669cfdc30d92d542a303ce3d3de6f61c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-14T00:36:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeLuisDeOliveiraPintoFilho_TESE.pdf: 8152297 bytes, checksum: 669cfdc30d92d542a303ce3d3de6f61c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-14T00:36:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JorgeLuisDeOliveiraPintoFilho_TESE.pdf: 8152297 bytes, checksum: 669cfdc30d92d542a303ce3d3de6f61c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-29 / A Bacia Hidrogr?fica do rio Apodi-Mossor? ? BHRAM, localiza-se na Regi?o Oeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte ? RN, onde seu baixo curso contempla uma consider?vel interven??o antr?pica, relacionada com a explora??o de petr?leo e g?s, minera??o de areia, explora??o de calc?rio, atividade salineira, com?rcio e servi?os, urbaniza??o, tr?fego de ve?culos, transporte de cargas, constru??o civil, turismo, fruticultura irrigada, carcinicultura, pesca, pecu?ria e gera??o de energia e?lica. A partir dessa press?o antr?pica esta tese buscou comparar os indicadores socioecon?micos e ambientais dos munic?pios do baixo curso dessa bacia, bem como avaliar as condi??es socioecon?micos e ambientais da ?rea do Campo Petrol?fero Canto do Amaro ? CPCA/RN. Como procedimentos metodol?gicos adotaram-se: aplica??o do gr?fico de radar para mensurar os indicadores socioecon?micos e ambientais dos munic?pios do baixo curso da BHRAM/RN; percep??o ambiental das condi??es socioecon?micas e ambientais das comunidades rurais da ?rea do CPCA/RN; monitoramento dos teores de metais pesados em diversos ambientes na ?rea; avalia??o do sistema de abastecimento de ?gua para consumo humano na regi?o investigada; identifica??o dos impactos ambientais no CPCA/RN atrav?s do sistema Press?o-Estado-Impacto-Resposta e; proposi??o de a??es de gest?o ambiental para atenuar a problem?tica pesquisada. Constatou-se que no baixo curso da bacia existe uma concentra??o dos melhores ?ndices na dimens?o econ?mica, enquanto a dimens?o ambiental encontra-se em uma situa??o intermedi?ria e, a dimens?o social ainda possui valores inferiores. Evidenciou-se que na ?rea do CPCA/RN a popula??o local tem restri??es socioecon?micas e vive em comunidades rurais com defici?ncias nos componentes de saneamento ambiental. Determinou-se que os ambientes relacionados com a ind?stria do petr?leo foram os que comportaram-se com maiores n?veis m?dios dos metais pesados: Cu, Cr, Fe (em po?os ativos), Ni (po?os ativos) e, Pb (res?duos s?lidos). Entretanto, tr?s outros tipos de usos dos solos apresentaram maiores valores dos metais pesados: Cd (?reas naturais), Mn (rio do Carmo) e Zn (Carcinicultura); entrentanto, esses n?veis s?o relativamente baixos quando comparados aos obtidos em solos de interfer?ncia de tr?fego de ve?culos, atividade petroqu?mica e aos valores de refer?ncia de qualidade. Verificou-se fragilidades no abastecimento de ?gua para consumo humano nos aspectos de quantidade de ?gua e qualidade de ?gua, com valores abaixo do permitido para Oxig?nio Dissolvido e com presen?a de ?leo e graxas. Observou-se que o CPCA/RN oportuniza a gera??o de emprego, renda, royalties, energia, combust?vel e proje??o da regi?o no cen?rio nacional. Entretanto, essa cadeia produtiva representa grandes riscos e vulnerabilidades socioambientais atrav?s dos seguintes aspectos e impactos: gera??o de emiss?es atmosf?ricas, gera??o de res?duos semiss?lidos (lama e cascalho), gera??o de res?duos s?lidos, gera??o de efluentes l?quidos, gera??o de ru?dos, polui??o h?drica, polui??o do solo, polui??o sonora, polui??o atmosf?rica, polui??o visual, supress?o vegetal, processos erosivos, interfer?ncia na flora local, interfer?ncia na fauna local, altera??o da estabilidade dos ecossistemas, altera??o da din?mica de uso do solo, riscos ? sa?de dos trabalhadores, press?o nas comunidades locais, interfer?ncias nas atividades tradicionais e, press?o na infraestrutura de servi?os p?blicos. A ?rea do CPCA/RN tem implica??es socioecon?micas e ambientais que comprometem a manuten??o da qualidade do baixo curso da BHRAM/RN, sendo requeridas diretrizes de gest?o ambiental para atenuar a problem?tica. / The Basin Apodi-Mossor? River - BHRAM, located in the Western Region of the State of Rio Grande do Norte - RN, where its low course includes a considerable human intervention, related to oil and gas, sand mining, limestone exploration, sea salt industry, trade and services, urbanization, vehicle traffic, cargo transportation, construction, tourism, irrigated fruit, shrimp farming, fishing, livestock and wind power generation. From this anthropic pressure this thesis aimed to compare the socio-economic and environmental indicators of the municipalities of the lower course of this basin, as well as assessing the socioeconomic and environmental conditions of the Canto do Amaro Oil Field area - CPCA / RN. The following methodological procedures were adopted: radar chart application to measure the socioeconomic and environmental indicators of the municipalities of the lower course of BHRAM / RN; environmental perception of socioeconomic and environmental conditions of rural communities in the area of the CPCA / RN; monitoring of heavy metal content in several environments in the area; evaluation of the water supply for human consumption in the investigated region; identification of environmental impacts in the CPCA / RN through the Pressure-State-Impact-Response system and; proposition of environmental management actions to mitigate the researched problematic. It was found that there is a concentration of the best rates in the economic dimension in the lower course of the basin, while the environmental dimension is in an intermediate situation, with the social dimension still shows lower values. It was demonstrated that the local population in the area of CPCA / RN has socio-economic constraints and lives in rural communities with deficiencies in environmental sanitation components. It was determined that the settings related to the oil industry displayed the higher average levels of heavy metals: Cu, Cr, Fe (in active wells), Ni (active wells), and Pb (solid wastes). Meanwhile, three other types of land uses showed higher values of heavy metals: Cd (natural areas), Mn (Carmo River) and Zn (Shrimp farms); however, these levels are relatively low when compared to those soils with vehicle traffic interference, with petrochemical activity and to the quality benchmarks. It has been found weaknesses in the water supply for human consumption in the aspects of water quantity and water quality with values below the allowed by the legislation for Dissolved Oxygen and with content of oil and greases. It was observed that the CPCA / RN provides an opportunity to generate employment, income, royalties, energy, fuel and projection of the region on the national scene. However, this chain represents great risks and socioenvironmental vulnerabilities through the following aspects and impacts: generation of atmospheric emissions, generation of semi-solid waste (mud and gravel), solid waste generation, the generation of wastewater, noise generation, water pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, air pollution, visual pollution, vegetation removal, erosion, interference with local flora, interference with local fauna, changing the stability of ecosystems, changes in land use dynamics, risks to workers' health, pressure on local communities, interference in traditional activities and pressure on public services infrastructure. The area of the CPCA / RN has socioeconomic and environmental implications that affect the maintainance of the quality of the lower course of BHRAM / RN, being required environmental management guidelines to mitigate the problem.

Submitted by PPG Servi?o Social (servico-social-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-06T21:34:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Evelise Lazzari.pdf: 2091984 bytes, checksum: 16eb4b334f9ac78049bac649e1f5c26b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-04-20T19:54:04Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Evelise Lazzari.pdf: 2091984 bytes, checksum: 16eb4b334f9ac78049bac649e1f5c26b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-20T19:58:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Evelise Lazzari.pdf: 2091984 bytes, checksum: 16eb4b334f9ac78049bac649e1f5c26b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / This thesis has as its central theme the socio-assistance surveillance in Brazil, presented from the analysis of its conformation and its basis in RS. Its purpose is to contribute to the qualification of the social assistance policy through the constitution of theoreticalmethodological, technical-operative and ethico-political subsidies. The critical dialectical method supports the realization of mixed-focus research, which was developed through a combination of documental analysis and semi-structured interviews. The research sample comprises 11 of the 34 municipalities of the RMPA, where actions related to the activity were identified between 2014 and 2017. It is based on the historical contextualization and characterization of the aspects that set the socio-assistance surveillance, problematizing theoretical and ethical-political assumptions that are being established since its inclusion as a social assistance activity. Then, it sought to unveil how the socio-welfare surveillance has been operating at the municipal level, addressing processes such as data collection, construction of indicators, use of technology associated with information management, planning, institutional relations, diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation. Data on the constitution of the technical teams, the qualification and qualification of the workers and their working conditions are presented. The reflections also cover the subjects who are demanding the actions of social assistance and the way in which their participation in the different spaces and processes, including those related to socio-assistance surveillance, has taken place or not. It is concluded that this function is permeated by an ethical-political dimension, which contribution will depend primarily on the social direction that is printed. By a bias closely connected with conservatism, it contributes to the perpetuation of the condition of subalternity of the workers and users of SUAS. Already, from a critical perspective, it adds the possibility of contributing to the democratization of social assistance and to the construction of emancipatory social processes. Yet in the same way that social direction is decisive, attention is drawn to the fact that it does not consolidate immediately or in isolation. It is necessary to consider the disputes and contradictions that make public social policies either a place of resignation and resistance. However, considering the delimitations of time and space of the research, the historical counterfacts found give indications that, despite the significant advances, the operationalization of socio-assistance surveillance little reflects the adoption of a more critical social direction perspective. / Esta tese tem como tema central a vigil?ncia socioassistencial no Brasil, apresentada a partir da an?lise de sua conforma??o e de sua fundamenta??o no RS. Tem por finalidade contribuir para a qualifica??o da pol?tica de assist?ncia social por meio da constitui??o subs?dios te?ricometodol?gicos, t?cnico-operativos e ?tico-pol?ticos. O m?todo dial?tico cr?tico embasa a realiza??o da pesquisa de enfoque misto, que foi desenvolvida por meio da combina??o das t?cnicas de an?lise documental e entrevista semiestruturada. Comp?em a amostra de pesquisa 11 dos 34 munic?pios da Regi?o Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, onde foram identificadas a??es relacionadas ? fun??o entre 2014 e 2017. Parte-se da contextualiza??o hist?rica e da caracteriza??o dos aspectos que comp?em a vigil?ncia socioassistencial, problematizando pressupostos te?ricos e ?tico-pol?ticos que vem sendo estabelecidos desde a sua inclus?o como fun??o da assist?ncia social. Em seguida, busca-se desvendar como vem ocorrendo a operacionaliza??o da vigil?ncia socioassistencial em ?mbito municipal, abordando processos como a coleta de dados, a constru??o de indicadores, o uso da tecnologia associado ? gest?o da informa??o, o planejamento, as rela??es institucionais, a elabora??o de diagn?sticos, o monitoramento e avalia??o. S?o apresentados dados sobre a constitui??o das equipes t?cnicas, a capacita??o e qualifica??o dos trabalhadores e suas condi??es de trabalho. As reflex?es englobam ainda os sujeitos demandat?rios das a??es da assist?ncia social e a forma como vem ocorrendo, ou n?o, sua participa??o nos diferentes espa?os e processo, inclusive aqueles relacionados ? vigil?ncia socioassistencial. Conclui-se que essa fun??o ? permeada por uma dimens?o ?tico-pol?tica, cuja contribui??o ir? depender prioritariamente da dire??o social que lhe ? impressa. Por um vi?s intimamente conectado com o conservadorismo, contribui para a perpetua??o da condi??o de subalternidade dos trabalhadores e usu?rios do Sistema ?nico de Assist?ncia Social. J?, a partir de uma perspectiva cr?tica, agrega a possibilidade de contribuir para a democratiza??o da assist?ncia social e para a constru??o de processos sociais emancipat?rios. Mas, do mesmo modo que a dire??o social ? determinante, atenta-se para o fato de que ela n?o se consolida de imediato e nem isoladamente. ? preciso considerar as disputas e as contradi??es que perfazem as pol?ticas sociais p?blicas serem tanto espa?o de resigna??o como de resist?ncia. No entanto, considerando as delimita??es de tempo e espa?o da pesquisa, as contraprovas hist?ricas encontradas d?o ind?cios de que, apesar dos significativos avan?os, a operacionaliza??o da vigil?ncia socioassistencial pouco reflete a ado??o de uma dire??o social de perspectiva mais cr?tica.

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2018-05-07T12:59:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO BERALDO DE ORNELLAS BORGES.pdf: 19548057 bytes, checksum: e8942746d634b7af9b01999e7c3cfb3b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-07T12:59:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LEONARDO BERALDO DE ORNELLAS BORGES.pdf: 19548057 bytes, checksum: e8942746d634b7af9b01999e7c3cfb3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-20 / This paper seeks to assist in the understanding of urban planning processes in Brazilian cities. Therefore, it intends to investigate certain mechanisms which are inserted in planning systems designs and may increase the corrupts transactions in those environments. Through a literature review, seeks to outline elements which would contribute to this dynamic. By an attempt to contextualize forms of territorial control in Brazil, it seeks to understand how ties between state and private actors would operate in the cities. In addition, it discusses how the efficiency of instances of social participation in urban planning processes can be affected by land-use corruption. The work is structured through a case study, which analyzed the dynamics of a urban planning system in a city between 1985 and 2016. Through the survey of the urban legislation and the identification of the actors involved in the processes of urban expansion in the period, it was possible to establish how some elements found in the literature allowed grant of privileges in these processes. / Il presente lavoro cerca di aiutare nella comprensione dei processi di pianificazione e gestione nelle citt? brasiliane. In questo senso, cerca di investigare determinati meccanismi che, inseriti nei sistemi di pianificazione, possono potenzializare le transazioni corrotte in questi ambienti. Attraverso una revisione della letteratura sulla corruzione urbanistica, cerca di delineare quali elementi potrebbero contribuire a questa dinamica. Attraverso uno sforzo per contestualizzare le modalit? di controllo territoriale in Brasile, si cerca di capire come i legami tra attori statali e privati opererebbero nelle citt?. Inoltre, si discute di come l?efficienza delle istanze di partecipazione sociale nei processi di pianificazione e gestione territoriale possa essere influenzata dalla corruzione urbanistica. Per questo, il lavoro ? stato strutturato attraverso un caso di studio, che ha analizzato le dinamiche di un sistema di pianificazione e gestione in una citt? dall?interno dello stato di San Paolo nel periodo 1988-2016. Attraverso il rilevamento della legislazione urbana e l?identificazione degli attori coinvolti nei processi di espansione urbana nel periodo, ? stato possibile stabilire come alcuni elementi trovati in letteratura consentissero l?ottenimento di privilegi in questi processi. / O presente trabalho procura auxiliar na compreens?o de processos de planejamento e gest?o urban?sticos das cidades brasileiras. Neste sentido, procura investigar determinados mecanismos, que inseridos em desenhos de sistemas de planejamento, podem potencializar transa??es corruptas nestes ambientes. Busca, por meio de uma revis?o da literatura que trata da corrup??o urban?stica, delinear quais elementos contribuiriam para esta din?mica. Por meio de um esfor?o para contextualizar modos de controle do territ?rio no Brasil, procura entender de que forma la?os entre atores estatais e privados operariam nas cidades. Al?m disso, discute de que maneira a efici?ncia de inst?ncias de participa??o social nos processos de planejamento e gest?o pode ser afetada pela corrup??o urban?stica. Para isso, o trabalho foi estruturado por meio de um estudo de caso, que analisou a din?mica de um sistema de planejamento e gest?o em um munic?pio paulista durante o per?odo de 1985-2016. Atrav?s do levantamento da legisla??o urban?stica e da identifica??o dos atores participantes nos processos de expans?o urbana no per?odo, foi poss?vel estabelecer de que maneira alguns elementos encontrados na literatura, possibilitaram a obten??o de privil?gios nestes processos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Flavia Blaia dAvila.pdf: 19547858 bytes, checksum: b492df89170b5f41c329295c5bc184c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-26 / The research is based on an analysis of the changes that are occurring in trying to adapt the limitations of the planet facing the constant demands of humanity. After an initial analysis of the problems of growth of cities and the exploitation of natural resources, there is a major historical events and documents produced in the environmental area and presentation of a number of changes in the field of architecture and urbanism. There is then an analysis on techniques to improve the environment urban or peri-urban and feel the need to incorporate principles of ecology in planning and city management. The first technical deal with water resources and urban drainage, pointing the principles proposed for sustainable management of rainwater. In addition to these proposals, there is a land of bioengineering and fitorremedia??o, which are techniques for stabilization and recovery of degraded areas, especially in water courses. Shall be analysed then the permaculture, a philosophy that is creating scenarios in human space already offering a number of practices they consider the energy cycle of human actions, aimed at reduction of waste and ecological awareness in food production and actions of everyday life. The permaculture serves as the basis for ecological communities, called "ecovilas", which house thousands of people seeking to live with another form of relationship with nature around the world. The research is finished with considerations of these approaches, relating them and suggesting lines of future study. / A pesquisa baseia-se em uma an?lise sobre as mudan?as que v?m ocorrendo na tentativa de adapta??o das limita??es do planeta frente ?s constantes exig?ncias da humanidade. Ap?s uma an?lise inicial da problem?tica do crescimento das cidades e da explora??o dos Recursos Naturais, ? feita uma retrospectiva hist?rica dos principais eventos ocorridos e documentos elaborados na ?rea ambiental e apresenta??o de algumas mudan?as na ?rea de arquitetura e urbanismo. Apresenta-se, em seguida, uma an?lise sobre t?cnicas que visam melhoria do meio ambiente urbano ou peri-urbano e consideram a necessidade de incorporar princ?pios da ecologia no planejamento e gest?o das cidades. As primeiras t?cnicas tratam dos recursos h?dricos e da drenagem urbana, apontando os princ?pios propostos para um manejo sustent?vel de ?guas pluviais. Como complemento para estas propostas, destaca-se a bioengenharia de solos e a fitorremedia??o, que s?o t?cnicas para recupera??o e estabiliza??o de ?reas degradadas, sobretudo em cursos d??gua. Analisa-se em seguida a permacultura, uma filosofia que vem criando espa?o nos cen?rios humanos j? que prop?em uma s?rie de pr?ticas que consideram o ciclo energ?tico das a??es humanas, visando a redu??o de res?duos e a consci?ncia ecol?gica na produ??o de alimentos e a??es do cotidiano. A permacultura serve de base para comunidades ecol?gicas, chamadas ecovilas , que abrigam milhares de pessoas que procuram viver com outra forma de rela??o com a natureza pelo mundo todo. A pesquisa ? finalizada com considera??es sobre estas abordagens, relacionando-as e sugerindo linhas de estudo futuro.