• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Silicon and oxygen abundances in planet-host stars

Brugamyer, Erik John 11 February 2011 (has links)
The positive correlation between planet detection rate and host star iron abundance lends strong support to the core accretion theory of planet formation. However, iron is not the most significant mass contributor to the cores of giant planets. Since giant planet cores grow from silicate grains with icy mantles, the likelihood of gas giant formation should depend heavily on the oxygen and silicon abundance of the planet formation environment. Here we compare the silicon and oxygen abundances of a set of 60 planet hosts and a control sample of 60 metal-rich stars without giant planets. We find a 99% probability that planet detection rate depends on the silicon abundance of the host star, over and above the observed planet-metallicity correlation. Due to our large error bars on oxygen abundances, we do not yet observe any correlation between oxygen abundance and planet detection rate. We predict that a correlation between planet occurrence and oxygen abundance should emerge when we can measure [O/Fe] at 0.05 dex precision. Since up to 20% of the carbon in the universe may be in refractory grains, we also predict that planet detection rate should correlate positively with host star carbon abundance for any population of planets formed by core accretion. / text
2

Turbulence-Assisted Planetary Growth : Hydrodynamical Simulations of Accretion Disks and Planet Formation

Lyra, Wladimir January 2009 (has links)
The current paradigm in planet formation theory is developed around a hierarquical growth of solid bodies, from interstellar dust grains to rocky planetary cores. A particularly difficult phase in the process is the growth from meter-size boulders to planetary embryos of the size of our Moon or Mars. Objects of this size are expected to drift extremely rapid in a protoplanetary disk, so that they would generally fall into the central star well before larger bodies can form. In this thesis, we used numerical simulations to find a physical mechanism that may retain solids in some parts of protoplanetary disks long enough to allow for the formation of planetary embryos. We found that such accumulation can happen at the borders of so-called dead zones. These dead zones would be regions where the coupling to the ambient magnetic field is weaker and the turbulence is less strong, or maybe even absent in some cases. We show by hydrodynamical simulations that material accumulating between the turbulent active and dead regions would be trapped into vortices to effectively form planetary embryos of Moon to Mars mass. We also show that in disks that already formed a giant planet, solid matter accumulates on the edges of the gap the planet carves, as well as at the stable Lagrangian points. The concentration is strong enough for the solids to clump together and form smaller, rocky planets like Earth. Outside our solar system, some gas giant planets have been detected in the habitable zone of their stars. Their wakes may harbour rocky, Earth-size worlds.
3

Observations et modélisation des systèmes planétaires autour des étoiles proches / Observations and modeling of planetary systems around nearby stars.

Lebreton, Jérémy 06 March 2013 (has links)
Les disques de débris orbitant dans l'environnement des étoiles proches constituent un indicateur très important des propriétés des systèmes planétaires extra-solaires. Depuis l'espace et au sol, les moyens observationnels actuels permettent de déterminer dans divers domaines de longueurs d'ondes les propriétés spatiales de ces disques et celles des grains de poussières circumstellaires. Cette thèse aborde le sujet de la modélisation des disques de débris, à partir de données fournies par de multiples instruments, en premier lieu les télescopes spatiaux Hubble et Herschel, et les interféromètres infrarouges du VLTI, CHARA, et KIN. Mes premiers projets ont pris place dans le cadre de deux programmes-clés de l'Observatoire Spatial Herschel dédiés à l'étude des disques circumstellaires autour des étoiles proches. Au sein du projet GASPS, j'ai obtenu des observations spectro-photométriques de HD 181327, une jeune étoile (12+8-4 millions d'années, Ma) de type solaire entourée d'un anneau de débris massif de 90 unités astronomique (UA) de rayon vu aussi en lumière diffusée par le télescope spatial Hubble. La bonne détermination de la géométrie de l'anneau permet de se concentrer sur la modélisation de la distribution spectrale d'énergie, afin de mieux caractériser les propriétés des poussières. J'ai utilisé le code de transfert radiatif GRaTer et démontré que le système héberge une population de planétésimaux glacés, qui pourrait représenter une source d'eau et de volatils susceptible d'être libérée sur des planètes telluriques encore en formation. Je discute quelques résultats additionnels obtenus avec Herschel à propos de disques de débris jeunes, notamment HD 32297, et d'analogues faibles de la Ceinture de Kuiper. Les disques exo-zodiacaux (exozodis), analogues du nuage Zodiacal du Système Solaire, représentent une contrepartie chaude (ou tiède) aux disques de débris, résidant proche de la zone habitable (moins de quelques unités astronomiques) et encore mal connue. Ils sont révélés par leur émission proche et moyen infrarouge et peuvent être étudiés avec la précision et la résolution requises grace à l'interférométrie optique. Dans le cas de l'étoile Beta Pictoris (12+8-4 Ma), dont le disque est vu par la tranche, une fraction significative du disque externe diffuse de la lumière vers le champ de vue des interféromètres ; une composante interne chaude doit tout de même être invoquée pour justifier de l'excès mesuré dans l'infrarouge proche. En m'appuyant sur l'exemple de l'étoile Véga (440±40 Ma), je présente la méthodologie employée et démontre que les exozodis chauds se caractérisent par une abondance de poussières sub-microniques, près de la distance de sublimation de l'étoile. D'un point de vue théorique, le mécanisme de production de ces petits grains non-liés est encore incompris. J'aborde plus en détails le cas du disque exozodiacal à deux composantes (chaude et tiède) de Fomalhaut (440±40 Ma). Je développe une nouvelle méthode de calcul des distances de sublimation et recense les processus variés qui peuvent affecter un grain de poussière afin de fournir un cadre pour l'interprétation : l'exozodi chaud à ~0.1 - 0.2 UA serait la signature indirecte d'une ceinture d'astéroïdes située à 2 UA à l'activité dynamique particulièrement intense. Finalement, je dresse un bilan des propriétés des disques de débris et de ce qu'ils peuvent nous apprendre quand on les compare au Système Solaire, et propose de futures directions de recherche pour explorer davantage les systèmes planétaires et leur dynamique. / Debris disks orbiting in the environment of nearby stars are a very important indicator of extrasolar planetary systems properties. From space and from the ground, current observational facilities enable a multi-wavelength determination of the disks structures and of the dust properties. This thesis addresses the topic of debris disks modelling, based on data from multiple instruments including first of all the Herschel and Hubble space telescopes, and the VLTI, CHARA and KIN infrared interferometers. My first research pro jects took place in the framework of two key programs from the Herschel Space Observatory dedicated to the study of circumstellar disks around nearby stars. As part of the GASPS pro ject, I obtained Herschel far-infrared spectro-photometric observations of HD 181327, a young (12+8−4 Myr) Sun-like star surrounded by a massive, 90 AU-wide debris belt, also imaged in scattered light by the Hubble Space Telescope. Proper determination of the belt geometry allows one to focus on modelling the dust properties. I used the GRaTer radiative transfer code to demonstrate that the system hosts a population of icy planetesimals that may be a source for the future delivery of water and volatiles onto forming terrestrial planets. I discuss additional results obtained with Herschel related to young debris disks, in particular HD 32297, and to faint Kuiper-Belt analogues. Exo-zodiacal disks (exozodis), those analogues to the Solar System Zodiacal cloud, represent a little known hot (or warm) counterpart of debris disks located close the habitable zone (inside of a few AUs). They are revealed by their near- to mid-infrared emission and can be assessed with the required accuracy and resolution with optical interferometers. In the case of the near edge-on star β Pictoris (12+8−4 Myr), I show that a significant fraction of the outer disk scatters light towards the small field-of-view of the interferometers; an inner hot component must nonetheless be invoked to explain the measured near-infrared excess. Based on the example of the star Vega (440 ± 40 Myr), I introduce a methodology to study inner dust disks and I show that hot exozodis are characterized by an abundance of submicron-sized grains, close to the star sublimation distance. From a theoretical point-of-view, the production mechanism for these small, unbound grains is not understood. I go into more details on the case of the Fomalhaut (440 ± 40 Ma) double-component (warm and hot) exozodiacal disk. I develop a new model for the calculation of the dust sublimation distances, and I address the various processes that can affect a dust grain in order to provide a framework for interpreting the exozodi: the hot exozodiacal disk may be the indirect signature of an asteroid belt with a particularly high dynamical activity. Lastly I draw up a summary of the properties of dusty debris disks and of what they can teach us when compared to the Solar System. I propose possible future research directions for further investigations of planetary systems and their dynamics.

Page generated in 0.0895 seconds