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The effects of planting date were evaluated on field establishment and flowering of ten southwestern wildflower species combined in a mix. Species tested include Baileya multiradiata, Castilleja lanata, Eschscholtzia californica, Eschscholtzia mexicana, Gaillardia pulchellum, Lesquerella gordonii, Lupinus sparsiflorus, Orthocarpus purpurascens, Penstemon eatonii, and Phacelia campanularia. Seeds of all species were combined in a mix and directly seeded into field plots. All species are native to the southwestern deserts of the United States. Treatments consisted of five planting dates, starting September 30, 1987 and continuing through November 30, 1987, with treatments planted at two week intervals during the ten week period. There were significant differences in both plant stand and flowering between planting dates. The October 15 planting had the optimum plant stand with regard to the largest spectrum of species represented by desirable numbers. Flowering was most pronounced in the September 30 and October 15 plantings.

Darbo tikslas: nustatyti augavietės, įveisimo ir apsaugos technologijų įtaką ąžuolo želdinių būklei. Darbo objektas: Kėdainių miškų urėdijos Dotnuvos bei Skaistgirio girininkijose esantys paskutinio dešimtmečio ąžuolo želdiniai. Metodai: siekiant nustatyti augaviečių, įveisimo ir apsaugos technologijų įtaką ąžuolo želdinių būklei tirti ąžuolo želdiniai Nds; Lds; Nfs; Lfs augavietėse su 2 arba 3 pakartojimais. Naudota miško želdinimo darbų, želdinių ir žėlinių apskaitos ir vertinimo metodika, esančia teisės akte Miško atkūrimas ir įveisimas (teisės aktų rinkinys) – Vilnius, 2005, 116 – 121 p. Vadovaujantis šia metodika tirti 7 metų amžiaus ąžuolo želdiniai laikinų apskaitos aikštelių metodu (100 – 400 m ploto), jas išdėstant plote galimai vienodais atstumais, tipingose vietose želdavietės įstrižainių kryptimis. Apskaitos aikštelių skaičius priklausė nuo sklypo ploto: kai sklypo plotas 3 ha ir mažesnis apskaitos aikštelės apėmė ne mažiau 5 % sklypo ploto, kai 4 – 5 ha – 4 %, kai 6 – 10 ha – 3 %, kai daugiau nei 10 ha – 2 %. Apskaitos aikštelėse vertinti šie rodikliai: - vidutinis ąžuolo želdinių aukštis (10 cm tikslumu), pridedant prie jų analogiško aukščio ąžuolo savaiminukus, augančius vienas nuo kito ne arčiau kaip 0,7 m atstumu; - gyvybingų ąžuoliukų skaičius; - elninių žvėrių pažeidimai pagal pažeidimo tipą; - ligų pažeidimai. Tyrimo rezultatai apdoroti dispersinės analizės metodais. Rezultatai: atliktais tyrimais nustatyta, kad didžiausias vidutinis aukštis ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The aim of our investigation: to determine the infuence of different sites tipes, planting and protecion technologies on the oak plantations quality. Object of the investigation: 7 years oak plantations in Kėdainiai State Forest Enterprise. Methods: Our investigation was carried out in 100 - 400 m sample plots according to the methodology of statute of reforestation and afforestation in different types of forest sites (Nds; Lds; Nfs; Lfs). According to this metodology sample plots were set out in the diagonal direction on the 7 years oak plantations. Sample plots were used to determine: - middle height of oak stands; - density; - the intensity of injuries made by animals and pathogens. Investigation data was processed using methods of „ANOVA“. Results: it was determined that the greatest heigth of oaks plantations is in Nds and Nfs forest sites; forest sites has no significant effect on oak seedlings density, but it was estimated significant effect on viability of oak plantations; the prevalence of foliar pathogen Oaks midlew is significantly higher in L hydrotope; there is no significant effectiveness between individual shelters and circle-shaped fence; soil preparation has significant effect on viability of oak plantations in L hydrotope.

This dissertation examines the urban missiology of Roger S. Greenway. The thesis is the urban missiology of Greenway should inform the ministries of urban missiologists today. This dissertation answers four questions: How has Greenway's life and theology shaped his urban missiology? What is Greenway's urban church planting strategy? How has Greenway's understanding of holistic ministry enhanced his church planting strategy? What role does theological education and urban training centers have in his urban missiology? If urban missiologists hope to avoid the mistakes of the past and lay a firm foundation for the future, they should seek to learn from the urban missiology of Roger S. Greenway. Chapter 1 emphasizes the importance of urban missions in a rapidly urbanizing world. The chapter also introduces the research questions and the urban missiological thought of Roger Greenway. A brief overview of Roger Greenway's life and ministry is presented to demonstrate the importance of his work in relation to urban missiology. Chapter 2 contains a sketch of Roger Greenway's life and theological beliefs. The chapter considers the effects of his Reformed theological background on his urban missiology. Greenway's theology impacts every aspect of his urban missiology. Chapter 3 outlines Roger Greenway's church planting strategy. The chapter examines how Greenway's church planting strategy serves as the central piece of Greenway's overall urban missiology. The influence of Donald McGavran is evident in Greenway's urban church planting strategy. Chapter 4 explains Greenway's understanding and application of holistic ministry. Greenway believes that word and deed ministries must be infused with one another in order to complete the mission of the church. Chapter 5 delves into Greenway's theological education methodology and how he applied that methodology in the urban context. Greenway believed theological and missiological training should be contextualized into the urban context. Chapter 6 concludes with a summary of Greenway's urban missiology. The chapter also offers ideas for further research. The dissertation closes by offering insights gleaned from Greenway's urban missiology.

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Orientador: Jean-Paul Laclau / Coorientador: Iraê Amaral Guerrini / Banca: Christophe Jourdan / Banca: José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves / Banca: Ciro Antonio Rosolem / Banca: Jean-Christophe Domec / Resumo: Melhorar nossa compreensão sobre a dinâmica espaço-temporal de raízes finas e dos gases de efeito estufa em camadas profundas do solo é um componente chave para identificar práticas silviculturais mais sustentáveis para florestas plantadas num contexto de mudança climática e para melhorar os atuais modelos biogeoquímicos. Nosso estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do corte raso e da seca na produção de raízes finas, nos efluxos de CO2, CH4 e N2O do solo e da produção ao longo dos perfis profundos do solo até o lençol freático nas plantações de eucalipto manejadas em talhadia. A raízes finas foram amostradas até 17 m de profundidade num experimento de exclusão de chuva comparando parcelas com 37% de precipitação excluída (-W) e sem exclusão de chuva (+ W). A dinâmica das raízes foi estudada usando minirhizotron em duas trincheiras permanentes até 17 m de profundidade nos tratamentos -W e + W, durante 1 ano antes do corte raso e 2 anos depois do corte em talhadia, e tambem até 4 m de profundidade numa parcela sem corte (NH), servindo como controle. Os efluxos de CO2, CH4 e N2O na superfície do solo foram medidos ao longo de três anos utilizando o método de câmara manual nos tratamentos -W, + W e NH. As concentrações de CO2, CH4 e N2O no solo foram medidas a partir das trincheiras até uma profundidade de 15.5 m nos tratamentos -W, + W e NH durante 3 meses antes do corte raso e 1.5 ano depois em talhadia. Após o corte, ocorreu um grande crescimento radicular das árvores con... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Tree growth is highly dependent on the absorptive function of fine roots for water and nutrients. Fine roots also play a major role in the global carbon (C) cycle, mainly through production, respiration, exudation and decomposition processes. Improving our understanding of the spatiotemporal dynamics of fine roots and greenhouse gases in deep soil layers is a key component to identify more sustainable silvicultural practices for planted forests in a context of climate change and to improve the current biogeochemical models. Our study aimed to assess the effect of clear-cutting and drought on fine-root production, soil CO2, CH4 and N2O effluxes and production throughout deep soil profiles down to the water table in Brazilian coppice-managed Eucalyptus plantations. Fine roots (i.e. diameter < 2 mm) were sampled down to a depth of 17 m in a throughfall exclusion experiment comparing stands with 37% of throughfall excluded by plastic sheets (-W) and stands without rain exclusion (+W). Root dynamics were studied using minirhizotron in two permanent pits down to a depth of 17 m in treatments -W and +W, over 1 year before clear-cutting, then over 2 years in coppice, as well as down to a depth of 4 m in a non-harvested plot (NH) serving as a control. CO2, CH4 and N2O surface effluxes were measured over three years using the closed-chamber method in treatments -W, +W and NH. CO2, CH4 and N2O concentrations in the soil were measured from the pits down to a depth of 15.5 m in treatments -W, +W and NH over 3 months before the clear-cut and 1.5 years after in coppice. After harvesting, spectacular fine root growth of trees conducted in coppice occurred in very deep soil layers (> 13 m) and, surprisingly, root mortality remained extremely low whatever the depth and the treatment. Total fine-root biomass in coppice down to a depth of 17 m was 1266 and 1017 g m-2 in treatments +W and -W, respectively, at 1.5 years a ... / Resume: Améliorer notre compréhension de la dynamique spatio-temporelle des racines fines et des gaz à effet de serre dans les couches profondes du sol est un élément clé pour identifier des pratiques sylvicoles plus durables pour les forêts plantées dans un contexte de changement climatique et pour améliorer les modèles biogéochimiques actuels. Cette étude visait à évaluer l'effet de la coupe des arbres et de la sécheresse sur la production de racines fines et la production de CO2, N2O et CH4 dans des profils de sol très profonds en plantation d'Eucalyptus conduite en taillis au Brésil. Les racines fines, d'un diamètre inférieur à 2 millimètres, ont été échantillonnées jusqu'à une profondeur de 17 m sur un dispositif d'exclusion de pluie comparant des peuplements soumis à une exclusion de 37% des pluies (-W) et des peuplements sans exclusion (+ W). La dynamique des racines a été étudiée à l'aide de minirhizotrons installés dans deux fosses permanentes d'une profondeur de 17 m dans les traitement -W et + W, pendant un an avant la coupe des arbres, puis pendant deux ans en taillis, et jusqu'à 4 m de profondeur dans un peuplement non récolté (NH) servant de témoin. Les efflux de CO2, CH4 et N2O à la surface du sol ont été mesurés durant trois ans dans les traitements -W, + W et NH. Les concentrations en CO2, CH4 et N2O dans le sol ont été mesurées à partir de fosses permanentes jusqu'à une profondeur de 15.5 m dans les traitements -W, + W et NH durant 3 mois avant la coupe des arbres et 1.5 ans après la coupe, en taillis. La croissance des racines fines était considérable à grande profondeur (> 13 m) chez les arbres menés en taillis et, étonnamment, la mortalité des racines fines était extrêmement faible quelle que soit la profondeur et le traitement. La biomasse totale de racines fines jusqu'à 17 m de profondeur était de 1266 et 1017 g ... / Doutor