A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 1992. / Acidified rain is thought to have the potential to affect the ability of plants to acquire nutrients. The effects of artificially acidified rain on calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) uptake by Pinus patula were investigated in terms of changes in the Ca and Mg-levels in the soil and changes in root growth and mycorrhizal coloniZation that might result from exposure to acidified precipitation. The uptake of these ions was also investigated in order to determine the possible effects of acid rain on the uptake process [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version] / AC2017

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Submitted by Lara Oliveira (lara@ufersa.edu.br) on 2017-04-25T21:52:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JúlioJA_DISSERT.pdf: 939713 bytes, checksum: c67cafda0dcef634c8d3b78d4fc84425 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-25T21:52:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JúlioJA_DISSERT.pdf: 939713 bytes, checksum: c67cafda0dcef634c8d3b78d4fc84425 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-25 / The nutritional evaluation through foliate analysis has become a useful tool to nutritional analysis in several cultures around the world. Although, there are different methods to interpret foliate analysis, there seems to be a few studies about the utilization of the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and about the methodology of critical level for the reduced and normal distribution (NCRIZ), to evaluate the nutritional state of irrigated mango tree Tommy Atkins. The objective of this work is evaluating the nutritional state of the mango tree in the valley of Baixo Açu in two different seasons of foliating samplings, using DRIS and NCRIz methodologies to identify and put in order the nutritional limitations and compare the methodologies. The work was developed in Vale do Açu, an important mango tree producer in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, mainly in fluvial neo-soils. The samplings were chemically analyzed during the mango tree fenological development based on N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Mn, Fe and Cu contents, and respective productivities were collected in 106 cuts supplied by mango exportation companies. To determine the DRIS, the rules, calculation of the DRIS and the nutritional balance for each element and their relation two by two were established. To determine the critical level (NCRIZ), a developed method which uses normal distribution or Gauss-Laplace type was chosen. It is based on continuous distribution of reduced probability. To calculate the critical level, P equals to 90% of maximum production. The methodologies DRIS and NCRIZ were proved efficient to identify the limiting nutrients for the mango tree, once there are differences about limitation hierarchical order. As rules DRIS showed differences about the low productivity population. The variations will probably represent the level of limiting nutrients by excess and deficiency, whereas the NCRIZ allowed to calculate the levels within the reference recommended by the bibliographical referential. Thus, it is another tool for nutritional diagnosis having the advantage of no experiments in the field / A avaliação do estado nutricional por meio da análise foliar vem sendo uma ferramenta bastante útil para o diagnóstico nutricional de várias culturas em diversas partes do mundo. Embora existam diversos métodos de interpretação de análise foliar, constatam-se poucos estudos sobre a utilização do sistema integrado de diagnose e recomendação (DRIS) e sobre a metodologia do nível crítico pela distribuição normal reduzida (NCRIZ), para avaliação nutricional da mangueira irrigada variedade Tommy Atkins. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o estado nutricional da mangueira no Baixo Açu em duas épocas de amostragem foliar, utilizando as metodologias do DRIS e do NCRIz, para identificar e herarquizar as limitações nutricionais e comparar as referidas metodologias de interpretação de análise foliar. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na região do Vale do Açu, importante Pólo produtor de manga do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, com predominância de solos Neossolos Flúvicos. As amostras foliares foram analisadas quimicamente durante fases do desenvolvimento fenológico da mangueira, a partir dos teores de N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Mn, Fe e Cu e respectivas produtividades foram coletadas em 106 talhões fornecidos pelos produtores e empresas produtoras de manga para exportação. Na determinação do DRIS, fez-se o estabelecimento das normas, cálculo do índice DRIS e determinado o índice de balanço nutricional para cada elemento e as relações dois a dois. Na determinação do nível crítico (NCRIZ), utilizou-se um método desenvolvido que utiliza a distribuição normal ou de Gauss- Laplace, que se baseia na distribuição contínua de probabilidade reduzida, na qual se adotou, para efeito de cálculo do nível crítico, o valor de P igual a 90% da máxima produção. As metodologias DRIS e NCRIZ mostraram-se eficientes na identificação dos nutrientes limitantes para a mangueira, havendo diferenças na ordem hierárquica da limitação. As normas DRIS apresentaram variações nas médias, em relação à população de baixa produtividade. As variações provavelmente representarão os níveis de nutrientes limitantes por excesso e por deficiência, enquanto que o NCRIZ permitiu calcular valores dentro da faixa de referência recomendada pela literatura, sendo, portanto, mais uma ferramenta para o diagnóstico nutricional da cultura, com a vantagem da não necessidade de experimentos em campo / 2017-04-25

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-01-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:34:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 mateus_cmd_me_jabo.pdf: 424839 bytes, checksum: b843560bbf22750f1a4ab33cb67bf70b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O amarílis figura entre as principais plantas ornamentais produzidas no Brasil, principalmente, visando produção de bulbos para exportação, porém estudos referentes ao manejo da cultura ainda são necessários. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes de amarílis, variedade Orange Souvereign, a pleno sol. No estudo relacionado ao crescimento, a área foliar determinada ao final do experimento foi, em média, de 3102,6 cm2, para uma média de 10 folhas por planta. O diâmetro do bulbo alcançado aos 420 DAP (dias após plantio) foi, em média, de 9,2 cm. A massa fresca total ao final do ciclo foi, em média, de 1051 g, dos quais 39% corresponderam à massa fresca obtida pelo bulbo + raízes. Em relação aos índices fisiológicos, a média foi de 7,10 g mês-1 para TCA (taxa de crescimento absoluto); 0,40 g g-1 mês-1 para TCR (taxa de crescimento relativo); 0,052 g cm-2 mês-1 para TAL (taxa de assimilação líquida) e 44,77 cm2 g-1 para RAF (razão de área foliar). No estudo relacionado à absorção de nutrientes, nas condições apresentadas de plantio, a quantidade de macronutrientes extraída, em mg planta-1, até os 420 DAP foi de: 1566 N; 185 P; 2583 K; 639 Ca; 198 Mg e 292 S. Para micronutrientes, a quantidade extraída, em μg planta-1, até os 420 DAP foi de: 2184 B; 1166 Cu; 22334 Fe; 2192 Mn e 4092 Zn. O acúmulo dos nutrientes nos últimos quatro meses representou, em relação ao total: 61% N; 60% P; 62% K; 56% Ca; 41% Mg; 67% S; 61% B; 65% Cu; 51% Fe; 73% Mn e 65% Zn. / The amaryllis is one of the major ornamental plants produced in Brazil, mainly targeting production of bulbs for export, but studies relating to the management of culture are still needed. Thus, this paper examines the development and accumulation of nutrients from amaryllis, variety Orange Souvereign, in full sun. In the growth study, the leaf area determined at the end of the experiment was, on average, to 3102.6 cm2 to an average of 10 leaves per plant. The diameter of the bulb throughout at 420 DAP (days after planting) was, on average, 9.2 cm. The total fresh weight at the end of the cycle was, on average, 1051 g, of which 39% were obtained by mass fresh bulb + roots. For physiological indices, the average was 7.10 g months-1 for TCA (absolute growth rate), 0.40 g g-1 months-1 for TCR (growth rate relative), 0.0516 g cm-2 months-1 to TAL (net assimilation rate) and 44.77 cm2 g-1 for RAF (ratio of leaf area). In the nutrients absorption study the conditions presented in planting was the amount of macronutrients extracted, in mg plant-1, until 420 DAP was: 1566 N; 185 P; 2583 K; 639 Ca; 198 Mg and 292 S. For micronutrients, the amount extracted, in μg planta-1, until 420 DAP was: 2184 B; 1166 Cu; 22334 Fe; 2192 Mn e 4092 Zn. The accumulation of nutrients in the last four months represented, in relation to the total: 61% N, 60% P, 62% K, 56% Ca, 41% Mg, 67% S, 61% B, 65% Cu, 51% Fe, 73% Mn and 65% Zn.

Resumo: O amarílis figura entre as principais plantas ornamentais produzidas no Brasil, principalmente, visando produção de bulbos para exportação, porém estudos referentes ao manejo da cultura ainda são necessários. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes de amarílis, variedade Orange Souvereign, a pleno sol. No estudo relacionado ao crescimento, a área foliar determinada ao final do experimento foi, em média, de 3102,6 cm2, para uma média de 10 folhas por planta. O diâmetro do bulbo alcançado aos 420 DAP (dias após plantio) foi, em média, de 9,2 cm. A massa fresca total ao final do ciclo foi, em média, de 1051 g, dos quais 39% corresponderam à massa fresca obtida pelo bulbo + raízes. Em relação aos índices fisiológicos, a média foi de 7,10 g mês-1 para TCA (taxa de crescimento absoluto); 0,40 g g-1 mês-1 para TCR (taxa de crescimento relativo); 0,052 g cm-2 mês-1 para TAL (taxa de assimilação líquida) e 44,77 cm2 g-1 para RAF (razão de área foliar). No estudo relacionado à absorção de nutrientes, nas condições apresentadas de plantio, a quantidade de macronutrientes extraída, em mg planta-1, até os 420 DAP foi de: 1566 N; 185 P; 2583 K; 639 Ca; 198 Mg e 292 S. Para micronutrientes, a quantidade extraída, em μg planta-1, até os 420 DAP foi de: 2184 B; 1166 Cu; 22334 Fe; 2192 Mn e 4092 Zn. O acúmulo dos nutrientes nos últimos quatro meses representou, em relação ao total: 61% N; 60% P; 62% K; 56% Ca; 41% Mg; 67% S; 61% B; 65% Cu; 51% Fe; 73% Mn e 65% Zn. / Abstract: The amaryllis is one of the major ornamental plants produced in Brazil, mainly targeting production of bulbs for export, but studies relating to the management of culture are still needed. Thus, this paper examines the development and accumulation of nutrients from amaryllis, variety Orange Souvereign, in full sun. In the growth study, the leaf area determined at the end of the experiment was, on average, to 3102.6 cm2 to an average of 10 leaves per plant. The diameter of the bulb throughout at 420 DAP (days after planting) was, on average, 9.2 cm. The total fresh weight at the end of the cycle was, on average, 1051 g, of which 39% were obtained by mass fresh bulb + roots. For physiological indices, the average was 7.10 g months-1 for TCA (absolute growth rate), 0.40 g g-1 months-1 for TCR (growth rate relative), 0.0516 g cm-2 months-1 to TAL (net assimilation rate) and 44.77 cm2 g-1 for RAF (ratio of leaf area). In the nutrients absorption study the conditions presented in planting was the amount of macronutrients extracted, in mg plant-1, until 420 DAP was: 1566 N; 185 P; 2583 K; 639 Ca; 198 Mg and 292 S. For micronutrients, the amount extracted, in μg planta-1, until 420 DAP was: 2184 B; 1166 Cu; 22334 Fe; 2192 Mn e 4092 Zn. The accumulation of nutrients in the last four months represented, in relation to the total: 61% N, 60% P, 62% K, 56% Ca, 41% Mg, 67% S, 61% B, 65% Cu, 51% Fe, 73% Mn and 65% Zn. / Orientador: Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta / Coorientador: Roberto Lyra Villas Boas / Banca: Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho / Banca: Jairo Augusto Campos de Araújo / Mestre

Orientador: Salatiér Buzetti / Banca: Francisco Maximino Fernandes / Banca: Marcelo Andreotti / Banca: Edson Luiz Mendes Coutinho / Banca: Renato de Mello Prado / Resumo: São utilizadas várias fontes de B e Zn nas adubações foliares como ácidos, sulfatos, óxidos inorgânicos e quelatos. Assim, a aplicação de fertilizantes via foliar vem sendo realizada com relativa freqüência, sendo que os resultados dessas aplicações são ainda controvertidos. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito da aplicação de fertilizantes foliares com B e Zn sobre a nutrição, produção e qualidade dos frutos de pereira japonesa. O experimento foi conduzido no período de 2004 a 2007, no município de Ilha Solteira, localizado na região noroeste do Estado de São Paulo-Brasil. Foram utilizadas plantas de pereira japonesa, cv. Okusankichi, enxertada em pyrus communis L., com três anos de idade, irrigadas por microaspersão e fontes nas doses de 110 g ha-1 de B e 250 g ha-1 de Zn em cada tratamento, sendo os tratamentos: T1. Apenas água; T2. Ácido bórico; T3. Sulfato de zinco; T4. T2 + T3; T5. Ácido bórico + uréia + ácido cítrico + EDTA; T6. Sulfato de zinco + uréia + ácido cítrico + EDTA; T7. T5 + T6; T8. Ácido bórico + uréia + ácido cítrico + EDTA + molibdato de sódio + enxofre + cloreto de cálcio; T9. Sulfato de zinco + uréia + ácido cítrico + EDTA + sulfato ferroso + sulfato de Mn + sulfato de Mg e T10. T8+T9. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e compararam-se as médias utilizando-se o teste de Tukey a 5%. Com base nos resultados obtidos pode-se concluir que: 1. O produto comercial 8 (Ácido bórico + uréia + ácido cítrico + EDTA + molibdato de sódio + enxofre + cloreto de cálcio) foi mais eficiente no fornecimento de B às plantas; bem como, o produto comercial 6 (Sulfato de zinco + uréia + ácido cítrico + EDTA) foi mais eficiente no fornecimento de Zn à pereira japonesa; 2. Os aumentos...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The application leaf spray fertilization of boron and zinc has been often used; the results of these applications are misinterpreted yet. In this context, the objective of this research was to verify the effect of leaf spray fertilization of B and Zn on the nutrition, production and quality of fruits of Japanese pear tree. The experiment was conducted in the period from 2004 to 2007, in Ilha Solteira, northwestern Sao Paulo State - Brazil. It was used plants of Japanese pear tree, Okusankichi cultivar, grafted on pyrus communis L. rootstock as well as doses of 110 g ha-1 of B e 250 g ha-1 of Zn in each application according each treatment, which were: T1. Water; T2. Boric acid; T3. Zinc sulfate; T4. T2 + T3; T5. Boric acid + urea + citric acid + EDTA, T6. Zzinc sulfate + urea + citric acid + EDTA, T7. T5 + T6, T8. Bric acid + urea + citric acid + EDTA + sodium molibdate + sulfur + calcium chloride, T9. Zinc sulfate + urea + citric acid + EDTA + Fe sulfate + Mn sulfate + Mg sulfate and, T10. T8+T9. A randomized blocks design was used and the averages were compared by Tukey test at 5%. Based on the results we may conclude that: 1. The commercial product to treatment n.8 (boric acid + urea + citric acid + EDTA + sodium molibdate + sulfur + calcium chloride) was efficient to provide B to Japanese pear tree, as well as, that to treatment n. 6 (zinc sulfate + urea + citric acid + EDTA) was efficient to provide Zn to Japanese pear tree, 2. The increasing of the leaf contents of B and Zn were not sufficient to modify the components of production, 3. The commercial product to treatment n. 5 (boric acid + urea + citric acid + EDTA) promoted an elevation of total titratable acidity. / Doutor

This study examines field cropping constraints for domestication of an endangered, wild medicinal plant, Siphonochilus aethiopicus, (Schweif.) B.L. Burt. Extensive literature review and careful observations of plant growth behavior during two years of crop trials overturned several long-held but erroneous claims that have consistently appeared in the scholarly literature, and revealed previously undocumented plant growth characteristics. S. aethiopicus (Schweif.) B.L. Burt. is a rhizomatous corm, not a rhizome. Field growth observations demonstrated clearly that the false stem and leaves grow continuously from emergence in September to senescence in April-May; the corm retains its tuberous roots during winter senescence, and is genetically preprogrammed to shoot in September. Flowers may emerge throughout the growing season (not only initially prior to shoot emergence), typical leaf count is 11-15, not 6-8 as previously reported, numbers that remain constant even when the plant height increases by 20-30% under shade, and leaf distichy is independent of the sun’s course and is unaffected by mother corm orientation. S. aethiopicus proved to be unusually resistant to common field diseases and pests, and resilient to severe hail. The responses of S. aethiopicus were tested in a series of field trials to the effects of levels of compost, field spacing, size of planting material, addition of biocontrol agents, different degrees of shading, and factorials of the macronutrients Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium. Spacing-Composted chicken litter combinations were tested in 2005-2006 in factorial combination with Spacing at 15 cm-4.5 kg ha-1, 20 cm-7.5 kg ha-1, 30 cm-10 kg ha-1, and 40 cm-15.5 kg ha-1, and these treatments were randomized with 4 Corm planting sizes (height by base diameter in mm): Small (S, 12.38 mm x 12.6 mm), Medium Small (MS, 29.65 mm x 27.93 mm), Medium Large (ML, 38.48 mm x 37.78 mm) and Large (L, 52.37 mm x 44.10 mm). 2005-2006 ANOVA tests showed significant differences between Spacing-Compost and Corm Size for the total harvest biomass measure, with 30 cm and 40 cm spaces better than 15 cm spacing, and Corm Size MS, ML and L all better than S, and ML better than MS. Total Corms harvested per block and ii Survival Percentage were similarly significant for Corm Size, but not Spacing. Corms smaller than the Small criteria were raised separately, under optimal conditions in a nursery. In a separate 2005-2006 Compost-only trial ANOVA tests did not find significant differences between compost levels. In 2006-2007 we tested Spacing separately at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 cm between planted corms in each plot. We tested Compost levels separately, with 0, 5, 10 and 15 kg ha-1 compost per plot. In 2006-2007 only the ML and L sizes were used in an even mix. There were no significant differences between treatments due to high experimental error, but measurement across all production parameters showed a clear trend towards best performance at spacing between 20 and 40 cm. Overall the results from the Spacing, Compost-level and Corm Size trials suggest that 30 cm is perhaps the optimal field spacing, higher compost levels tend to give better results, and the ML and L corm sizes perform better in open-sun field trials. These parameters are recommended for further field studies and production. The effects of two commercial strains of Trichoderma spp were tested at recommended doses applied to S. aethiopicus. T. harzianum Strain B77 was used as a drench at planting in comparison with a Control and a fungicide in 2005-2006. There were no significant differences between treatments for Harvested Biomass or Survival Percentage. B77 did perform significantly better than the Fungicide in the Total Corm measurement, but neither treatment was significantly different from the Control. In sum, there was a weak trend towards a greater number of output corms as a result of the application of the biocontrol agent. In both 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 we tested T. harzianum Strain kd applied as a drench at planting, with a second drench at 4 weeks. In 2006-2007 there were no significant differences between treatments, but the trend was towards better performance as a result of the drench at planting only. In 2005-2006 open field trials had shown that S. aethiopicus is susceptible to sunburn and Erwinia soft rot when grown in the full sun. Therefore, we tested the effect of various shadecloth densities and colours on production performance in 2006-2007. Treatments were Control (full sun), 40% White (TiO2) (23% shade), 40% Grey (28-30% shade), Light Black (40%), Medium Black (50%), Dark Black (80%), and Red (40%). There were no significant differences between treatments, but the trends indicated that the Control (full sun) and Dark Black (80% shade) performed the worst. Colour of shade did not appear to be important, and plants under all the shadecloths with 40-50% shade grew best. In a factorial trial different levels of Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium (NPK)were tested, over two seasons. Four levels of each input were used: N at 0 (Control), 40 kg ha-1 (N1), 80 kg ha-1 (N1), and 120 kg ha-1 (N3). P levels were 0 (Control) 60 kg ha-1 (P1) ,120 kg ha-1 (P2) and 200 kg ha-1 (P3). K levels were 0 (Control), 100 kg ha-1 (K1), 200 kg ha-1 (K2), and 400 kg ha-1 (K3). In 2005-2006 there were no significant differences between treatments. In 2006-2007 data there were significant results for Nitrogen only within each repetition. However, significance disappeared when combining across repetitions. We then ran a Bootstrap re-sampling analysis of both 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 data (data were analyzed separately because of different plot sizes and corm numbers in the two years), looking at the optimal level of each macronutrient tested against all combinations of the other two. Though significant results were obtained for each individual level of each macronutrient against the others in combination, the difference between the confidence intervals was not significant. However, there was a clear trend: the optimum N levels were between 40 and 80 kg ha-1; optimum P level was 0 (the Control) and optimum K levels were between 100 and 200 kg ha-1. Tests of handling during harvest, storage, and planting yielded additional useful information for small scale commercial farmers. The optimal harvest time is May, when the false stem and leaves are senescing and yellow, but still upright and visible. Harvest is facilitated by moistening the soil to minimize breaking off of tuberous roots, with simple field washing to remove compacted soil highly recommended. Harvested corms and tuberous roots should be stored under air-restricted, cool conditions because the tuberous roots contain high moisture and will shrivel quickly when left exposed to air, and excessively dried corms will eventually die. Senesced mother corms should be discarded at harvest. Corms are genetically preprogrammed to shoot, so should be planted in September in soft soil, with 1-2 cm of soil coverage. The studies provide a framework for developing the basic agronomy for the domestication and commercial crop production of an endangered medicinal plant species. / Thesis (M.Sc.Agric.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2011.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-07-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:45:34Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gondim_aro_dr_jabo.pdf: 426794 bytes, checksum: f873ac766858dbae21d0257c0f0c57d9 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se estudar os efeitos nutricionais da omissão de boro, doses de boro via foliar, tempo de absorção e a sua mobilidade em plantas de tomate e beterraba cultivadas em ambiente protegido. Para isto, foram realizados na Unesp Câmpus Jaboticabal, quatro experimentos com as plantas do tomate e da beterraba cultivadas em vasos. Estudou-se no primeiro a omissão de boro em plantas de tomate e beterraba. No segundo experimento, estudou-se as doses de boro via foliar nas duas hortaliças. No terceiro experimento, estudou-se a absorção foliar de B ao longo do tempo nas plantas de tomate e beterraba. Comparou-se no quarto experimento, a mobilidade do boro absorvido pelas raízes e pelas folhas, para as partes novas da planta. Em todos os experimentos, avaliaram-se as variáveis de crescimento, nutrição e de produção de matéria seca das plantas. Verificou–se, no primeiro experimento, que o prejuízo da deficiência de boro ficou evidente no final do ciclo das hortaliças (terceiro estádio de desenvolvimento), causando maior diminuição nos órgãos reprodutivos do tomate (frutos) e da beterraba (raiz tuberosa). No segundo experimento, a adubação foliar com o micronutriente promoveu a maior produção de matérias secas do fruto e da planta inteira do tomateiro, com pulverizações foliares de B na concentração de 0,340 g L-1 e esteve associada com o teor foliar de B de 72 mg kg-1. Para a produção de matérias secas da raiz tuberosa e da planta inteira de beterraba ocorreu com 0,065 g L- 1 e associou-se com o teor de B de 26 mg kg-1. No terceiro experimento, notou-se que o B é rapidamente absorvido pelas folhas, atingindo 50% do B absorvido, próximo de dez horas após aplicação para o tomate e duas horas e meia após a aplicação para a beterraba. No último experimento, observou-se que a aplicação do boro via foliar não foi... / This work aimed to study the nutritional effects of the boron omission, boron doses by foliar means, absorption time and its mobility in both tomato and beetroot cultures which were cultivated in a protected environment. For this purpose, four experiments with the plants of both tomato and beetroot cultivated in vases were used at the Unesp Campus of Jaboticabal. In the first experiment, it was studied the boron absorption by the roots of both vegetables in a hydropnic system, with the presence and the omission of the micronutrient. In the second experiment, it was studied the boron doses by foliar means in both vegetables. In the third one, it was studied the foliar absorption of B over the time in both tomato and beetroot plants. In the fourth, it was compared the boron mobility absorbed by the roots and the leaves, for the new parts of the plant. In all the experiments, it was evaluated the growth, nutrition and production variables of the plants dry matter. It was verified, in the first experiment, that the boron deficiency loss was evident in the end of the vegetables cycle (third development phase) causing higher decrease in the reproductive organs of the tomato (fruits) and beetroot (tuberous root). In the second experiment, the foliar fertilization with the micronutrient promoted the highest production of both the fruit’s and the whole plant’s dry matter of the tomato plant with B foliar spray at the concentration of 0,340 g L-1 and it was associated with the B leaf content of 72 mg kg-1. The tuberous root and the beetroot whole plant dry matter production occurred with 0,065 g L-1 and it was associated with the B content of 26 mg kg-1. In the third experiment, it was noticed that the B is quickly absorbed by the leaves, reaching 50% of the absorbed B, close to ten hours after the application for the tomato and two hours and... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-12-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rozane_de_dr_jabo.pdf: 1210450 bytes, checksum: 4b393f7743e9c55fd14f3aff109f97b5 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de carambola do mundo, entretanto há poucas informações científicas, especialmente estudos de nutrição mineral. Objetivando-se contribuir com o conhecimento de nutrição mineral da caramboleira, desenvolveram-se estudos que permitissem avaliar o crescimento e o acúmulo de nutrientes na frutífera nas fases de hipobioto (porta-enxerto), muda e plantas em formação. Foram realizados dois experimentos em casa de vegetação em hidroponia, nas fases de hipobioto e mudas de caramboleira, na Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias - FCAV, Câmpus Jaboticabal, Brasil, coordenadas de 210 15' 22 sul, 480 18' 58 oeste e altitude de 615 m. O experimento com hipobioto foi realizado no período de agosto a dezembro de 2005, tendo cinco tratamentos constituídos por épocas de coleta: 25, 50, 75, 100 e 125 dias após o transplantio e seis repetições, disposto em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. O experimento realizado com as mudas foi desenvolvidos, no período de março a junho de 2006, em parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições, tendo como parcelas duas cultivares de caramboleira (B-10 e Golden Star) e, como subparcelas cinco épocas de coletas de plantas: 208,233,258,283 e 308 dias após o transplantio para a solução nutritiva, disposto em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Em ambos os experimentos, avaliaram-se, em todas as coletas, a altura da planta, o diâmetro do caule e a área foliar. Em seguida, as plantas foram divididas em raízes, caule e folhas, determinando-se a massa da matéria seca e o teor de nutrientes nos referidos órgãos. O experimento realizado a campo foi desenvolvido de outubro de 2006 a novembro de 2008, em área experimental da FCAV/UNESP, Câmpus Jaboticabal, em Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico típico (Eutrustox). / Brazil is one of the greatest star fruit producers in the world; however, there is little scientific information, especially mineral nutrition studies which contributesto the production. Aiming to contribute to the star fruit knowlege in the field of mineral nutrition, researches were developed to evaluate the growth and the nutrients accumulation in the 'hipobioto', seedling and orchard in formation under irrigation conditions. Two experiments were accomplished at greenhouse in hydroponics at the São Paulo State University - Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias 'Julio de MesquitaFilho', Jaboticabal Campus, with coordinates of 210 15' 22 South, 48018' 58 West and 615 m of altitude. The experiment with 'hipobioto' was accomplished in the periodfrom August to December 2005 and it was constituted by an experiment with five treatments that reffered to the collection time 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 days after the transplanting and six repetitions, deposed in an completely randomized designo The seedlings experiment was accomplished in the period from March to June 2006, in slipt plots with three replications. As a plot, it was used two star fruit cultivars ('B-10' and 'GoldenStar') and, as a slipt plot, the five collection of plants accomplished by 208, 233, 258, 283 and 308 days after the transplanting for the nutritious solution, disposed in completely randomized design with three replications. It was evaluated, in both experiments, the plant height, the stem diameter, and the leaf area in ali collections. Afterthat, the plants were divided in roots, stem and leaves, determining the mass of the dry matter and the nutrients content in the referred organs. The experiment was accomplished on the field from October 2006 to November 2008, in an experimental area of the FCAV/UNESP, Jaboticabal Campus, in Eutrustox.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:23:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2434464 bytes, checksum: 80b9d76ccf12598e86e07c096aa00665 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-17 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The reason of this experiment was to evaluate the water rates irrigated and the fertilizer rates applied on the tomato plant, under the Viçosa ́s staking system, which aimed to obtain the highest yield for the fresh market, maximums on water use efficiency and on the quality of the fruits, and also getting better concentration on nutrients in the tomato leaves. The experiment was installed in two seasons July 2013 and January 2014, both in Viçosa/MG, on the field research center, from the Agronomy Department. The treatments for both experiments were four different water rates irrigated L1, L2, L3 and L4 regarding on 50, 100, 150 and 200% of the real irrigation required by the crop (IRN) and also, four different fertilizer rates D1, D2, D3 and D4 regarding on 50, 100, 150 and 200% from the fertilizer rate recommendation (5a . The variables evaluated were: commercial production (PC), total yield (PT), big fruits (PFG), medium (PFM) and small fruits (PFP); productivity by the plant (PP), water use efficiency (WUE), pH, soluble solids, titratable acidic, flavor, consistence, lycopene and nutrients concentration in the leaves. It was used the average results from the two experiments. It was concluded after getting the final results, that the highest PC, PT, PFG and PP of the tomato, were obtained with 331 mm of water rate irrigated and 150% of the fertilizer rate recommendation. The highest water use efficiency was obtained with 276 mm of water rate irrigated and 150% of the fertilizer rate. The highest lycopene concentration (85,32 μg g-1) was obtained with 331 mm of water rate irrigated and 200% of the fertilizer rate. The macronutrients concentration foliar (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and B) for the highest crop yield were 58,5; 5,5; 29,5; 60,6; 6,3 e 7,7 g kg-1 for the macronutrients and 481,1; 39,4; 273,1; 784,6 e 61,8 mg kg-1 for the micronutrients. The macronutrients concentration foliar (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu and B) for the maximum water use efficiency were 36,1; 4,9; 24,0; 63,7; 6,8 e 10,0 g kg-1 for the macronutrients and 643,9; 42,3; 312,3; 809,8 e 56,5 mg kg-1 for the micronutrients. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar lâminas de irrigação e doses de adubação para o tomateiro cultivado no sistema Viçosa de tutoramento visando obter a máxima produtividade de frutos comerciais, eficiência no uso de água e qualidade de frutos e a melhor concentração de nutrientes na folha. O experimento foi instalado em duas épocas julho de 2013 e janeiro de 2014 em Viçosa/MG, na área experimental do Departamento de Fitotecnia. Os tratamentos para ambos os experimentos foram quatros lâminas de irrigação L1, L2, L3 e L4 correspondendo a 50, 100, 150 e 200% da irrigação real necessária (IRN) e quatro doses de adubação D1, D2, D3 e D4 correspondendo a 50, 100, 150 e 200% da recomendação (Approach 5th). As variáveis avaliadas foram: produtividade comercial (PC), total (PT), de frutos grandes (PFG), médios (PFM) e pequenos (PFP), produção por planta (PP), eficiência no uso da água (EUA), pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, sabor, firmeza, licopeno e concentração de nutrientes na folha. Trabalhou-se com os resultados médios dos dois experimentos. Com os resultados obtidos conclui-se que: As maiores PC, PT, PFG e PP de tomate foram obtidas com lâmina de irrigação de 331 mm e adubação de 150%. A maior eficiência no uso da água foi obtida com lâmina de irrigação de 276 mm e dose de adubação de 150%. O máximo teor de licopeno (85,32 μg g-1) foi obtido com a lâmina de 331 mm e dose de adubação de 200%. A concentração foliar de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e micronutrientes (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu e B) para a máxima produtividade foram de 58,5; 5,5; 29,5; 60,6; 6,3 e 7,7 g kg-1 dos macronutrientes e 481,1; 39,4; 273,1; 784,6 e 61,8 mg kg-1 dos micronutrientes. A concentração foliar de macronutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) e micronutrientes (Mn, Zn, Fe, Cu e B) para a máxima eficiência no uso da água foram de 36,1; 4,9; 24,0; 63,7; 6,8 e 10,0 g kg-1 dos macronutrientes e 643,9; 42,3; 312,3; 809,8 e 56,5 mg kg-1 dos micronutrientes.